{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T10:12:55Z","timestamp":1770286375402,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9-11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/summer-heart-0930.chufeiyun1688.workers.dev:443\/http\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61872138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61872138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Concurrency and Computation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010sovereign identity management systems operate in open network environments and face security threats from semi\u2010trusted or malicious adversary models. In such environments, verifiable credentials are susceptible to attacks such as theft and forgery. In response to the privacy risks associated with verifiable credentials during issuance and revocation, this article proposes a privacy protection scheme for user information during the issuance and revocation processes of verifiable credentials in self\u2010sovereign identity management based on blockchain technology. First, a privacy\u2010preserving method that does not rely on a single identity provider and resists Sybil attacks has been designed using secure multi\u2010party computation cryptographic techniques. Second, the consortium blockchain committee nodes act as the issuer of verifiable credentials. By combining attribute commitments and zero\u2010knowledge proof techniques, the user's identity information is hidden, achieving the privacy protection goal during the issuance of verifiable credentials. Furthermore, in order to protect user privacy during the revocation of verifiable credentials (VCs), we employ a cryptographic accumulator technique to implement the revocation operation. This approach ensures the security of user privacy while effectively managing the revocation of credentials. Finally, this paper conducts a security analysis and performance evaluation of the proposed scheme. The results show that our scheme strikes a balance between security needs and time efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.70084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T04:16:56Z","timestamp":1744258616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/summer-heart-0930.chufeiyun1688.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Privacy Protection During the Issuance and Revocation of Verifiable Credentials in Self\u2010Sovereign Identity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/summer-heart-0930.chufeiyun1688.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1711-4661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiantian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology  Xiangtan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology  Xiangtan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology  Xiangtan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianbo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology  Xiangtan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quanzhou University of Information Engineering  Quanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changxu","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology  Xiangtan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PST.2017.00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2018.3111247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbloc.2020.00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8873429"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3206798"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3281371"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2022.119445"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jis.2022.132003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"M.Sporny G.Noble D.Longley andB.Zundel \u201cVerifiable Credentials Data Model v1.1 \u201dhttps:\/\/summer-heart-0930.chufeiyun1688.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.w3.org\/TR\/vc\u2010data\u2010model\/#dfn\u2010credential."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3164147"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40001.2021.00038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3145089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisa.2024.103735"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3347897"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom50675.2020.00136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"D.Reed M.Sporny M.Sabadello D.Longley andC.Allen \u201cDecentralized Identifiers (DIDs) v1.0 \u201dhttps:\/\/summer-heart-0930.chufeiyun1688.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.w3.org\/TR\/did\u2010core\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology\u2014CRYPTO'91. 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