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However, evidence for the <jats:italic>reflective utilitarian hypothesis<\/jats:italic>\u2014the hypothesized link between utilitarian judgment and individual differences in the capacity for rational reflection (gauged here by the Cognitive Reflection Test [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content>; Frederick, 2005]) has been inconsistent and difficult to interpret in light of several design flaws. In two studies aimed at addressing some of the flaws, we found robust evidence for a <jats:italic>reflective minimalist hypothesis\u2014<\/jats:italic>high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content> performers\u2019 tendency to regard utility\u2010optimizing acts as largely a matter of personal <jats:italic>prerogative<\/jats:italic>, permissible both to perform and to leave undone. This relationship between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content> and the \u201cminimalist\u201d orientation remained intact after controlling for age, sex, trait affect, social desirability, and educational attainment. No significant association was found between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content> and the strict utilitarian response pattern or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content> and the strict deontological response pattern, nor did we find any significant association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content> and willingness to act in the utility\u2010optimizing manner. However, we found an inverse association between empathic concern and a willingness to act in the utility\u2010optimizing manner, but there was no comparable association between empathic concern and the deontological judgment pattern. Theoretical, methodological, and normative implications of the findings are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,27]],"date-time":"2014-06-27T07:42:58Z","timestamp":1403854978000},"page":"325-352","update-policy":"https:\/\/summer-heart-0930.chufeiyun1688.workers.dev:443\/http\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Are Thoughtful People More Utilitarian? <scp>CRT<\/scp> as a Unique Predictor of Moral Minimalism in the Dilemmatic Context"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Edward B.","family":"Royzman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin F.","family":"Landy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Leeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Yale University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511571275"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.63.2.320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Thinking and deciding","author":"Baron J.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2008.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2011.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1088-4963.2009.01164.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1520-8583.2009.00160.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"The murderer next door: Why the mind is designed to kill","author":"Buss D. 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