{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T16:38:21Z","timestamp":1780418301840,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/summer-heart-0930.chufeiyun1688.workers.dev:443\/https\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Semantic Web: \u2013 Interoperability, Usability, Applicability"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) have become an established and recognised practice for\n          guaranteeing good quality ontology engineering. There are several ODP repositories where\n          ODPs are shared as well as ontology design methodologies recommending their reuse.\n          Performing rigorous testing is recommended as well for supporting ontology maintenance and\n          validating the resulting resource against its motivating requirements. Nevertheless, it is\n          less than straightforward to find guidelines on how to apply such methodologies for\n          developing domain-specific knowledge graphs. ArCo is the knowledge graph of Italian\n          Cultural Heritage and has been developed by using eXtreme Design (XD), an ODP- and\n          test-driven methodology. During its development, XD has been adapted to the need of the CH\n          domain e.g. gathering requirements from an open, diverse community of consumers, a new ODP\n          has been defined and many have been specialised to address specific CH requirements. This\n          paper presents ArCo and describes\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">how<\/jats:italic>\n                    to apply XD to the development and\n          validation of a CH knowledge graph, also detailing the (intellectual) process implemented\n          for matching the encountered modelling problems to ODPs. Relevant contributions also\n          include a novel web tool for supporting unit-testing of knowledge graphs, a rigorous\n          evaluation of ArCo, and a discussion of methodological lessons learned during ArCo\u2019s\n          development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/sw-200422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T11:10:37Z","timestamp":1609240237000},"page":"313-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/summer-heart-0930.chufeiyun1688.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Pattern-based design applied to cultural heritage knowledge          graphs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Valentina Anita","family":"Carriero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bologna","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Gangemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bologna","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"ISTC-CNR","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Letizia","family":"Mancinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MiBAC","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Giovanni","family":"Nuzzolese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISTC-CNR","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Presutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISTC-CNR","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"University of Bologna","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Veninata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MiBAC","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L.\u00a0Asprino W.\u00a0Beek P.\u00a0Ciancarini F.\u00a0van Harmelen and V.\u00a0Presutti Observing LOD using Equivalent Set Graphs: It is mostly flat and sparsely linked in: The Semantic Web \u2013 ISWC 2019 C.\u00a0Ghidini O.\u00a0Hartig M.\u00a0Maleshkova V.\u00a0Sv\u00e1tek I.F.\u00a0Cruz A.\u00a0Hogan J.\u00a0Song M.\u00a0Lefran\u00e7ois and F.\u00a0Gandon eds Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.\u00a011778 Springer Cham 2019 pp.\u00a057\u201374. doi:10.1007\/978-3-030-30793-6_4.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30793-6_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jswis.2009081901"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"E.\u00a0Blomqvist A.\u00a0Gangemi and V.\u00a0Presutti Experiments on pattern-based ontology design in: K-CAP \u201909: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Knowledge Capture Y.\u00a0Gil and N.F.\u00a0Noy eds ACM New York NY USA 2009. doi:10.1145\/1597735.1597743.","DOI":"10.1145\/1597735.1597743"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"E.\u00a0Blomqvist K.\u00a0Hammar and V.\u00a0Presutti Engineering ontologies with patterns \u2013 the eXtreme design methodology in: Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns \u2013 Foundations and Applications P.\u00a0Hitzler A.\u00a0Gangemi K.\u00a0Janowicz A.\u00a0Krisnadhi and V.\u00a0Presutti eds Studies on the Semantic Web Vol.\u00a025 IOS Press Amsterdam 2016. doi:10.3233\/978-1-61499-676-7-23.","DOI":"10.3233\/978-1-61499-676-7-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/SW-150202"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"E.\u00a0Blomqvist V.\u00a0Presutti E.\u00a0Daga and A.\u00a0Gangemi Experimenting with eXtreme design in: Knowledge Engineering and Management by the Masses. 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