{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7084092825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom55648.2025.11044524","title":"Exploring the Internet Routing Registries to Augment AS-Level Topology","display_name":"Exploring the Internet Routing Registries to Augment AS-Level Topology","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7084092825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom55648.2025.11044524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom55648.2025.11044524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom55648.2025.11044524","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2025 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Akmal Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akmal Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Islamia University of Bahawalpur,Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Islamia University of Bahawalpur,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Usama Ejaz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157264075","display_name":"Sangmyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x4whx42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usama Ejaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sangmyung University,South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sangmyung University,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ted \u201cTaekyoung\u201d Kwon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ted \u201cTaekyoung\u201d Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hyun-chul Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157264075","display_name":"Sangmyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x4whx42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyun-chul Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sangmyung University,South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sangmyung University,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54100608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.8309999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.8309999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.022600000724196434,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.010900000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peering","display_name":"Peering","score":0.9772999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-topology","display_name":"Internet topology","score":0.8282999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.7311999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/border-gateway-protocol","display_name":"Border Gateway Protocol","score":0.6549000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-exchange-point","display_name":"Internet exchange point","score":0.5961999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ip-forwarding","display_name":"IP forwarding","score":0.5874000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5863999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-system","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","score":0.5339000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-backbone","display_name":"Internet backbone","score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.45739999413490295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95981142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q772532","display_name":"Peering","level":3,"score":0.9772999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99237066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092610","display_name":"Internet topology","level":3,"score":0.8282999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.7311999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7232000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6901999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178086212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11155","display_name":"Border Gateway Protocol","level":5,"score":0.6549000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192030150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1433061","display_name":"Internet exchange point","level":5,"score":0.5961999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174809319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973191","display_name":"IP forwarding","level":5,"score":0.5874000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5863999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9628104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788009","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5339000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51274741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1360517","display_name":"Internet backbone","level":4,"score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.45739999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780405328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067099","display_name":"Internetworking","level":3,"score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101396714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3021187","display_name":"Default-free zone","level":5,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.3587000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23976947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193193","display_name":"Tier 1 network","level":3,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94600068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7371621","display_name":"Routing domain","level":5,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137641188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148053","display_name":"Reserved IP addresses","level":5,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775896111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642560","display_name":"Router","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196423136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209671","display_name":"Policy-based routing","level":5,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/infocom55648.2025.11044524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/infocom55648.2025.11044524","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2025 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309788","display_name":"Neurosciences Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05exfab56"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"substantial":[1],"research":[2],"efforts":[3],"over":[4],"the":[5,20,31,34,44,48,51,87,104,114,118,121,125,131,148],"past":[6],"decade,":[7],"it":[8],"remains":[9],"a":[10,14,56,74],"challenge":[11],"to":[12,63,76,147,165],"develop":[13],"complete":[15],"and":[16,65,82,136,164],"accurate":[17],"view":[18],"of":[19,33,50,58,95,106,117,124,134,151],"Internet":[21,52,107],"Autonomous":[22],"System":[23],"(AS)":[24],"level":[25],"topology.":[26],"Recent":[27],"studies":[28],"highlight":[29,47],"that":[30],"incompleteness":[32],"AS-level":[35,78,92],"topology":[36],"is":[37],"greater":[38],"than":[39],"previously":[40],"recognized.":[41],"To":[42],"mitigate":[43],"issue,":[45],"we":[46,112],"usefulness":[49],"Routing":[53],"Registries":[54],"(IRR),":[55],"set":[57],"databases":[59],"used":[60],"by":[61,120],"ASes":[62,123],"register":[64],"share":[66],"their":[67],"inter-domain":[68],"routing":[69],"policies.":[70],"We":[71],"first":[72],"propose":[73],"methodology":[75],"extract":[77],"links":[79,142],"(e.g.,":[80],"bilateral":[81],"multilateral":[83],"peering":[84,132],"links)":[85],"from":[86],"IRR,":[88],"extracting":[89],"3.1":[90],"M":[91],"links;":[93],"48.7%":[94],"which":[96,127],"can":[97,144],"be":[98,145],"matched":[99],"with":[100],"BGP,":[101],"traceroute,":[102],"or":[103],"cliques":[105],"eXchange":[108],"points":[109],"(IXPs).":[110],"Next,":[111],"find":[113],"active":[115],"usage":[116],"IRR":[119,140],"member":[122],"IXPs,":[126],"helps":[128],"us":[129],"infer":[130],"matrices":[133],"large":[135],"small":[137],"IXPs.":[138],"Non-matching":[139],"AS":[141],"(51.3%)":[143],"attributed":[146],"limited":[149],"coverage":[150],"BGP":[152],"route":[153],"collectors,":[154],"especially":[155],"in":[156],"regions":[157],"where":[158],"local":[159],"interconnections":[160],"are":[161],"heavily":[162],"regulated,":[163],"regional":[166],"IXP":[167],"interconnection":[168],"policy":[169],"dynamics.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}