{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115468414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2011.280","title":"On Multicopy Opportunistic Forwarding Protocols in Nondeterministic Delay Tolerant Networks","display_name":"On Multicopy Opportunistic Forwarding Protocols in Nondeterministic Delay Tolerant Networks","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115468414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2011.280","mag":"2115468414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2011.280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2011.280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331605","display_name":"Cong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-2126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Guangzhou Mega Center of Higher Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","School of Information Science and Technology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Guangzhou Mega Center of Higher Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100600528","display_name":"Jie Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-1717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84392919","display_name":"Temple University","ror":"https://ror.org/00kx1jb78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Department of Computer and Information Science, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100331605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.551,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94838011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"6","first_page":"1121","last_page":"1128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8429770469665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.734549880027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondeterministic-algorithm","display_name":"Nondeterministic algorithm","score":0.7300170660018921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-routing-and-forwarding","display_name":"Virtual routing and forwarding","score":0.6675564646720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-forwarding","display_name":"Packet forwarding","score":0.49187612533569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.46156755089759827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4394863247871399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flooding","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","score":0.42582905292510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-table","display_name":"Routing table","score":0.3836086094379425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3572595715522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.12062332034111023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8429770469665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.734549880027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176181172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3490301","display_name":"Nondeterministic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.7300170660018921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157626507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7935037","display_name":"Virtual routing and forwarding","level":5,"score":0.6675564646720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120317029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874048","display_name":"Packet forwarding","level":3,"score":0.49187612533569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.46156755089759827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4394863247871399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186594467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429176","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42582905292510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.3836086094379425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3572595715522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.12062332034111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpds.2011.280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2011.280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97130795","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","issn_l":"1045-9219","issn":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572481965","https://openalex.org/W1923680614","https://openalex.org/W1966518282","https://openalex.org/W2022319427","https://openalex.org/W2039157284","https://openalex.org/W2040459121","https://openalex.org/W2050395517","https://openalex.org/W2068273572","https://openalex.org/W2073418598","https://openalex.org/W2082674813","https://openalex.org/W2104575330","https://openalex.org/W2106540902","https://openalex.org/W2116008926","https://openalex.org/W2121910607","https://openalex.org/W2125957038","https://openalex.org/W2133255965","https://openalex.org/W2135480767","https://openalex.org/W2136257106","https://openalex.org/W2140531391","https://openalex.org/W2142522527","https://openalex.org/W2153297552","https://openalex.org/W2156028043","https://openalex.org/W2162076967","https://openalex.org/W2164231975","https://openalex.org/W2273515758","https://openalex.org/W2293146328","https://openalex.org/W3162914541","https://openalex.org/W4241072175","https://openalex.org/W6634082847","https://openalex.org/W6679985502"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2497028718","https://openalex.org/W4385819622","https://openalex.org/W2120034637","https://openalex.org/W2103355668","https://openalex.org/W2984960301","https://openalex.org/W2118395071","https://openalex.org/W1966417809","https://openalex.org/W2146354244","https://openalex.org/W2144615114","https://openalex.org/W2160557762"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Delay":[0],"Tolerant":[1],"Networks":[2],"(DTNs)":[3],"are":[4,106],"characterized":[5],"by":[6,49],"nondeterministic":[7],"mobility":[8],"and":[9,72,80,134,144,151,154,168,177,198],"connectivity.":[10],"Message":[11],"routing":[12,47,208],"in":[13,103,116,184],"DTNs":[14],"usually":[15],"employs":[16],"a":[17,98,139,146],"multicopy":[18,64,118],"forwarding":[19,43,50,65,70,120,128,162],"scheme.":[20],"To":[21],"avoid":[22],"the":[23,40,76,82,89,112,117,185,193,206],"cost":[24,41],"associated":[25],"with":[26,138],"flooding,":[27],"much":[28],"effort":[29],"has":[30],"been":[31],"focused":[32],"on":[33],"opportunistic":[34,69,119,127],"forwarding,":[35],"which":[36,74],"aims":[37],"to":[38,53,130],"reduce":[39],"of":[42,91,142,196],"while":[44,86],"retaining":[45],"high":[46,57],"performance":[48],"messages":[51],"only":[52],"nodes":[54,188],"that":[55,88],"have":[56,189],"delivery":[58,78,132,194],"probabilities.":[59],"This":[60],"paper":[61,105],"presents":[62],"two":[63,125],"protocols,":[66,163],"called":[67],"optimal":[68,113,126],"(OOF)":[71],"OOF-,":[73],"maximize":[75,131],"expected":[77,83],"rate":[79],"minimize":[81,135],"delay,":[84,136],"respectively,":[85,137],"requiring":[87],"number":[90,141],"forwardings":[92],"per":[93],"message":[94],"does":[95],"not":[96],"exceed":[97],"certain":[99],"threshold.":[100],"Our":[101],"contributions":[102],"this":[104],"summarized":[107],"as":[108,156,158],"follows:":[109],"We":[110,149,170],"apply":[111],"stopping":[114],"rule":[115],"protocol.":[121],"Specifically,":[122],"we":[123],"propose":[124],"metrics":[129],"probability":[133],"fixed":[140],"copies":[143],"within":[145],"given":[147],"time-to-live.":[148],"implement":[150],"evaluate":[152],"OOF":[153,197],"OOF-":[155,199],"well":[157],"several":[159],"other":[160],"representative":[161],"i.e.,":[164],"Epidemic,":[165],"Spray-and-wait,":[166],"MaxProp*":[167],"Delegation.":[169],"perform":[171],"trace-driven":[172],"simulations":[173],"using":[174],"both":[175],"real":[176],"synthetic":[178],"traces.":[179],"Simulation":[180],"results":[181],"show":[182],"that,":[183],"traces":[186],"where":[187],"regular":[190],"intermeeting":[191],"times,":[192],"rates":[195],"can":[200],"be":[201],"30":[202],"percent":[203],"greater":[204],"than":[205],"compared":[207],"protocols.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}