{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2514264974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2601074","title":"Sketch-Based User Authentication With a Novel String Edit Distance Model","display_name":"Sketch-Based User Authentication With a Novel String Edit Distance Model","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2514264974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2601074","mag":"2514264974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2016.2601074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2601074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049873589","display_name":"Kaspar Riesen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9145-3157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2972652528","display_name":"FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/04mq2g308","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2972652528"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaspar Riesen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Olten, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9145-3157","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Olten, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2972652528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068471666","display_name":"Thomas Hanne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-1660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2972652528","display_name":"FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/04mq2g308","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2972652528"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Hanne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Olten, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Olten, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2972652528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104017028","display_name":"Roman Schmidt","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Insights GmbH, Liebefeld, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Insights GmbH, Liebefeld, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049873589"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2972652528"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7622,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92214988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"3","first_page":"460","last_page":"472"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8336882591247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch","display_name":"Sketch","score":0.7942034006118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.7404696941375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphanumeric","display_name":"Alphanumeric","score":0.7035319805145264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6867279410362244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch-recognition","display_name":"Sketch recognition","score":0.5976353883743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.5776994228363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4459831118583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.42980140447616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38192442059516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.34396040439605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3203279972076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.16540947556495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09818986058235168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08993783593177795}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8336882591247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.7942034006118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.7404696941375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781003394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737372","display_name":"Alphanumeric","level":2,"score":0.7035319805145264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6867279410362244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132900626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534733","display_name":"Sketch recognition","level":4,"score":0.5976353883743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5776994228363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4459831118583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.42980140447616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38192442059516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.34396040439605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3203279972076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.16540947556495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09818986058235168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08993783593177795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmc.2016.2601074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2601074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209078","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems","issn_l":"2168-2216","issn":["2168-2216","2168-2232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4744172817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18029.1 PFES-ES","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320998","funder_display_name":"Kommission f\u00fcr Technologie und Innovation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320998","display_name":"Kommission f\u00fcr Technologie und Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/012y9zp98"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32836389","https://openalex.org/W140353411","https://openalex.org/W1485033854","https://openalex.org/W1498679537","https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1842404393","https://openalex.org/W1921097329","https://openalex.org/W1964132625","https://openalex.org/W1970026646","https://openalex.org/W1973001156","https://openalex.org/W1975040805","https://openalex.org/W1980384741","https://openalex.org/W1984261871","https://openalex.org/W1990935444","https://openalex.org/W2003022024","https://openalex.org/W2011632873","https://openalex.org/W2032875197","https://openalex.org/W2034516667","https://openalex.org/W2036455589","https://openalex.org/W2046378201","https://openalex.org/W2061994628","https://openalex.org/W2070033151","https://openalex.org/W2071356085","https://openalex.org/W2073112656","https://openalex.org/W2074551623","https://openalex.org/W2111303254","https://openalex.org/W2112767991","https://openalex.org/W2115218409","https://openalex.org/W2128160875","https://openalex.org/W2130774394","https://openalex.org/W2131991463","https://openalex.org/W2154115569","https://openalex.org/W2159335031","https://openalex.org/W2161032904","https://openalex.org/W2162072175","https://openalex.org/W2168868236","https://openalex.org/W2184926810","https://openalex.org/W2273391560","https://openalex.org/W2294303346","https://openalex.org/W2505764662","https://openalex.org/W6601360848","https://openalex.org/W6628932435","https://openalex.org/W6636915900","https://openalex.org/W6682696922","https://openalex.org/W6683498256","https://openalex.org/W6686639162","https://openalex.org/W6697179307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294900353","https://openalex.org/W2411243951","https://openalex.org/W2151314278","https://openalex.org/W13629514","https://openalex.org/W1971224820","https://openalex.org/W2963977451","https://openalex.org/W2098836165","https://openalex.org/W1976890290","https://openalex.org/W1573697454","https://openalex.org/W2966897482"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,55,69,112,154],"vast":[1],"majority":[2],"of":[3,52,115,129,135,157,172,206,221,228],"user":[4,63,79],"authentication":[5,37,64,134,178,231],"in":[6,30,49,84,198,233],"digital":[7],"applications":[8],"is":[9,72,119,181,195],"based":[10,65,182],"on":[11,66,183],"alphanumeric":[12],"passwords.":[13,54],"Yet,":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16,34,104,124],"severe":[17],"problems":[18],"that":[19,73,132,180,194],"might":[20,46],"arise":[21],"with":[22,109,200],"this":[23,36,158,229],"approach,":[24],"various":[25],"efforts":[26],"have":[27],"been":[28],"made":[29],"the":[31,42,50,75,133,143,167,226],"last":[32],"decade":[33],"replace":[35],"paradigm.":[38],"One":[39],"candidate":[40],"for":[41,62],"prospective":[43],"paradigm":[44],"shift":[45],"be":[47,98,139],"found":[48],"field":[51],"graphical":[53],"present":[56,175,189],"paper":[57,159],"introduces":[58],"a":[59,78,85,92,117,126,176,190,234],"novel":[60,191],"framework":[61,232],"freehand":[67],"sketches.":[68],"basic":[70],"idea":[71],"during":[74],"registration":[76],"phase":[77],"draws":[80],"an":[81,207],"arbitrary":[82],"sketch":[83,108],"specific":[86],"drawing":[87],"canvas":[88],"(rather":[89],"than":[90],"typing":[91],"password).":[93],"Registered":[94],"users":[95,137],"can":[96,138],"then":[97],"authenticated":[99],"whenever":[100],"they":[101],"are":[102,160],"able":[103],"reproduce":[105],"their":[106],"personal":[107],"sufficient":[110],"precision.":[111],"major":[113],"challenge":[114],"such":[116,131],"system":[118,144],"twofold.":[120],"First,":[121,163],"it":[122],"has":[123],"provide":[125],"certain":[127],"degree":[128],"error-tolerance":[130],"genuine":[136],"smoothly":[140],"accomplished.":[141],"Second,":[142,187],"should":[145],"detect":[146],"even":[147],"subtle":[148],"forgeries":[149,216],"and":[150,174,214],"reject":[151],"possible":[152],"intruders.":[153],"main":[155],"contributions":[156],"as":[161],"follows.":[162],"we":[164,188,223],"formally":[165],"represent":[166],"underlying":[168],"sketches":[169],"by":[170,204],"means":[171,205],"strings":[173],"general":[177],"algorithm":[179],"structural":[184],"pattern":[185],"recognition.":[186],"cost":[192],"model":[193],"particularly":[196],"useful":[197],"conjunction":[199],"string":[201],"matching.":[202],"Third,":[203],"exhaustive":[208],"empirical":[209],"investigation":[210],"using":[211],"both":[212],"random":[213],"skilled":[215],"(stemming":[217],"from":[218],"several":[219],"hundreds":[220],"users)":[222],"empirically":[224],"confirm":[225],"feasibility":[227],"particular":[230],"real-world":[235],"scenario.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}