{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1635935994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.1992.1.4.421","title":"Three Dimensional Visual Display Systems for Virtual Environments","display_name":"Three Dimensional Visual Display Systems for Virtual Environments","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1635935994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.1992.1.4.421","mag":"1635935994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.4.421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.1992.1.4.421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080178077","display_name":"Michael McKenna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael McKenna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02137"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02137","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"David Zeltzer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Zeltzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Media Laboratory, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","Media Laboratory, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Laboratory, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media Laboratory, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080178077"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.4413,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98592593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"4","first_page":"421","last_page":"458"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9695000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14270","display_name":"Simulation and Modeling Applications","score":0.9646999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereoscopy","display_name":"Stereoscopy","score":0.8385477066040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereo-display","display_name":"Stereo display","score":0.7539314031600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6794655919075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-visual-system-model","display_name":"Human visual system model","score":0.6454370617866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holographic-display","display_name":"Holographic display","score":0.644871175289154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallax","display_name":"Parallax","score":0.6435788869857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.6260473728179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5561966896057129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/display-device","display_name":"Display device","score":0.5214609503746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45787379145622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/display-resolution","display_name":"Display resolution","score":0.4437717795372009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4272732734680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holography","display_name":"Holography","score":0.4271911382675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.12670817971229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1039612889289856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126057942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35158","display_name":"Stereoscopy","level":2,"score":0.8385477066040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1223959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191960","display_name":"Stereo display","level":2,"score":0.7539314031600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6794655919075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160086991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5939193","display_name":"Human visual system model","level":3,"score":0.6454370617866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7079719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3557228","display_name":"Holographic display","level":3,"score":0.644871175289154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15759828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165074","display_name":"Parallax","level":2,"score":0.6435788869857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.6260473728179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5561966896057129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164597639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327065","display_name":"Display device","level":2,"score":0.5214609503746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45787379145622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71597744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12538706","display_name":"Display resolution","level":3,"score":0.4437717795372009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4272732734680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187590223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527628","display_name":"Holography","level":2,"score":0.4271911382675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12670817971229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1039612889289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.4.421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.1992.1.4.421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S975621743","display_name":"PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality","issn_l":"1054-7460","issn":["1054-7460","1531-3263"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966512792","https://openalex.org/W2087546238","https://openalex.org/W1974314879","https://openalex.org/W2027921435","https://openalex.org/W2362813206","https://openalex.org/W2103301800","https://openalex.org/W2370982974","https://openalex.org/W1635935994","https://openalex.org/W2045659665","https://openalex.org/W305342868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"surveys":[2],"three-dimensional":[3],"(3D)":[4],"visual":[5,62,75],"display":[6,21,38,68],"technology":[7],"as":[8,70,72],"it":[9],"relates":[10],"to":[11],"realtime,":[12],"interactive":[13],"systems\u2014or":[14],"virtual":[15],"environment":[16],"systems.":[17],"Five":[18],"major":[19,34],"3D":[20],"types":[22],"are":[23,40,64,77],"examined:":[24],"stereoscopic,":[25],"lenticular,":[26],"parallax":[27],"barrier,":[28],"slice-stacking,":[29],"and":[30],"holographic":[31],"displays.":[32],"The":[33,66],"characteristics":[35],"of":[36,48,59],"each":[37],"type":[39],"examined,":[41],"i.e.":[42],"spatial":[43],"resolution,":[44,46],"depth":[45],"field":[47],"view,":[49],"viewing":[50],"zone,":[51],"bandwidth,":[52],"etc.":[53],"In":[54],"addition,":[55],"the":[56,60,73],"corresponding":[57],"parameters":[58],"human":[61,74],"systems":[63],"described.":[65],"different":[67],"systems,":[69],"well":[71],"system,":[76],"compared":[78],"in":[79],"tabular":[80],"form.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}