{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404349347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2408.01413","title":"Designing High-Occupancy Toll Lanes: A Game-Theoretic Analysis","display_name":"Designing High-Occupancy Toll Lanes: A Game-Theoretic Analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404349347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2408.01413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2408.01413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.01413","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.01413","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.01413","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118899226","display_name":"Zhanhao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Zhanhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026438262","display_name":"Ruifan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8397-5929"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Ruifan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103061454","display_name":"Manxi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5334-4163"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Manxi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.953000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toll","display_name":"Toll","score":0.8620313405990601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.8135578632354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42836955189704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.42668503522872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.36825814843177795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.35935890674591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.24824094772338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.24195945262908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18122076988220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.13920900225639343}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778025104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408004","display_name":"Toll","level":2,"score":0.8620313405990601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.8135578632354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42836955189704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.42668503522872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36825814843177795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.35935890674591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.24824094772338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.24195945262908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18122076988220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.13920900225639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2408.01413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.01413","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.01413","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2408.01413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2408.01413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2408.01413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.01413","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.01413","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404349347.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W4282043467","https://openalex.org/W2105697914","https://openalex.org/W2076301622","https://openalex.org/W4255742352","https://openalex.org/W2049890555","https://openalex.org/W651392507","https://openalex.org/W4205659720","https://openalex.org/W1535422121","https://openalex.org/W293051743"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"we":[3,116,193],"study":[4],"the":[5,18,31,44,55,80,85,92,96,100,104,131,148,162,179,183,187,200,205,214,228,233,237],"optimal":[6,215,234],"design":[7,168,217],"of":[8,57,65,95,121,129,186,207,218,227],"High":[9],"Occupancy":[10],"Toll":[11],"(HOT)":[12],"lanes.":[13,87],"The":[14],"traffic":[15,171],"authority":[16],"determines":[17],"road":[19],"capacity":[20,141],"allocation":[21],"between":[22,73],"HOT":[23,38,81,140,184],"lanes":[24,39],"and":[25,67,103,113,124,135,142,157,165,175,203,231],"ordinary":[26,86],"lanes,":[27,82],"as":[28,30],"well":[29],"toll":[32,101,143,173,216,239],"price":[33],"charged":[34],"for":[35,221,223],"travelers":[36,58,71],"using":[37],"who":[40],"do":[41],"not":[42],"meet":[43],"high-occupancy":[45],"eligibility":[46],"criteria.":[47],"We":[48,145,160,211],"develop":[49],"a":[50,110,118,125,195],"game-theoretic":[51],"model":[52,151],"to":[53,78,152,198],"analyze":[54],"decisions":[56],"with":[59,109,139,154,236],"heterogeneous":[60],"preference":[61,209],"parameters":[62],"in":[63],"values":[64],"time":[66,137],"carpool":[68,105],"disutilities.":[69,106],"These":[70],"choose":[72],"paying":[74],"or":[75,83],"forming":[76],"carpools":[77],"use":[79],"taking":[84],"Travelers'":[88],"welfare":[89],"depends":[90],"on":[91],"congestion":[93],"cost":[94],"lane":[97,185],"they":[98],"use,":[99],"payment,":[102],"For":[107],"highways":[108,153],"single":[111,149],"entrance":[112,156],"exit":[114,158],"node,":[115],"provide":[117],"complete":[119],"characterization":[120],"equilibrium":[122,132,163],"strategies":[123],"comparative":[126],"statics":[127],"analysis":[128],"how":[130],"vehicle":[133],"flow":[134],"travel":[136,201],"change":[138],"price.":[144],"then":[146,212],"extend":[147,161],"segment":[150],"multiple":[155],"nodes.":[159],"concept":[164],"propose":[166],"various":[167],"objectives":[169],"considering":[170],"congestion,":[172],"revenue,":[174],"social":[176],"welfare.":[177],"Using":[178],"data":[180],"collected":[181],"from":[182],"California":[188],"Interstate":[189],"Highway":[190],"880":[191],"(I-880),":[192],"formulate":[194],"convex":[196],"program":[197],"estimate":[199],"demand":[202],"approximate":[204],"distribution":[206],"travelers'":[208],"parameters.":[210],"compute":[213],"five":[219],"segments":[220],"I-880":[222],"achieve":[224],"each":[225],"one":[226],"four":[229],"objectives,":[230],"compare":[232],"solution":[235],"current":[238],"pricing.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}