The two most important mic categories you’ll want to get acquainted with are dynamic and condenser. Though there are always exceptions, you can chart the differences between them in a few key ways. Dynamics are well-suited to handling loud sounds; condensers are more sensitive to the nuances of quiet sounds. Dynamics require no power source to operate; condensers run on Phantom Power, a feature that comes standard on nearly all home-recording audio interfaces. Dynamics tend to be more rugged; condensers more fragile. Finally, dynamics tend to be cheaper; condensers more expensive.
Andy Cush unpacks everything you need to know about finding the right microphone. This is useful alongside Aaron Parecki’s tips for remote presentations and Philip Sherburne’s guide to home recording.