SUM Parts: Benchmarking Part-Level Semantic Segmentation of Urban Meshes.

Hugo Ledoux https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1251-8654 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q91580959 Weixiao Gao Liangliang Nan Hugo Ledoux SUM Parts: Benchmarking Part-Level Semantic Segmentation of Urban Meshes. 24474-24484 2025 CVPR https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content/CVPR2025/html/Gao_SUM_Parts_Benchmarking_Part-Level_Semantic_Segmentation_of_Urban_Meshes_CVPR_2025_paper.html https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR52734.2025.02279 conf/cvpr/2025 db/conf/cvpr/cvpr2025.html#GaoNL25

Weixiao Gao Liangliang Nan Hugo Ledoux SUM Parts: Benchmarking Part-Level Semantic Segmentation of Urban Meshes. 2025 March abs/2503.15300 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.15300 db/journals/corr/corr2503.html#abs-2503-15300 streams/journals/corr

Hugo Ledoux startinpy: A Python library for modelling and processing 2.5D triangulated terrains. 7123 2024 9 J. Open Source Softw. 103 https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.07123 db/journals/jossw/jossw9.html#Ledoux24 streams/journals/jossw

Maarten Pronk Marieke A. Eleveld Hugo Ledoux Assessing Vertical Accuracy and Spatial Coverage of ICESat-2 and GEDI Spaceborne Lidar for Creating Global Terrain Models. 2259 2024 July 16 Remote. Sens. 13 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132259 db/journals/remotesensing/remotesensing16.html#PronkEL24 streams/journals/remotesensing

Weixiao Gao Ravi Peters Hugo Ledoux Jantien E. Stoter Filling holes in LoD2 building models. 2024 abs/2404.15892 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.15892 db/journals/corr/corr2404.html#abs-2404-15892

Hugo Ledoux Gina Stavropoulou Balázs Dukai Streaming CityJSON datasets. 2024 abs/2407.00017 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.00017 db/journals/corr/corr2407.html#abs-2407-00017 streams/journals/corr

Ellie Roy Maarten Pronk Giorgio Agugiaro Hugo Ledoux Inferring the number of floors for residential buildings. 938-962 2023 April 37 Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2022.2160454 db/journals/gis/gis37.html#RoyPAL23

Nail Ibrahimli Hugo Ledoux Julian F. P. Kooij Liangliang Nan DDL-MVS: Depth Discontinuity Learning for Multi-View Stereo Networks. 2970 2023 June 15 Remote. Sens. 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15122970 db/journals/remotesensing/remotesensing15.html#IbrahimliLKN23

Leon Powalka Chris Poon Yitong Xia Siebren Meines Lan Yan Yuduan Cai Gina Stavropoulou Balázs Dukai Hugo Ledoux cjdb: a simple, fast, and lean database solution for the CityGML data model. 2023 abs/2307.06621 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2307.06621 db/journals/corr/corr2307.html#abs-2307-06621

Camille Morlighem Anna Labetski Hugo Ledoux Reconstructing historical 3D city models. 2022 1 Urban Inform. 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s44212-022-00011-3 db/journals/urbaninformatics/urbaninformatics1.html#MorlighemLL22

Weixiao Gao Liangliang Nan Bas Boom Hugo Ledoux PSSNet: Planarity-sensible Semantic Segmentation of Large-scale Urban Meshes. 2022 abs/2202.03209 CoRR https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.03209 db/journals/corr/corr2202.html#abs-2202-03209

Nail Ibrahimli Hugo Ledoux Julian F. P. Kooij Liangliang Nan DDL-MVS: Depth Discontinuity Learning for MVS Networks. 2022 abs/2203.01391 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2203.01391 db/journals/corr/corr2203.html#abs-2203-01391

Hugo Ledoux Filip Biljecki Balázs Dukai Kavisha Kumar Ravi Peters Jantien E. Stoter Tom Commandeur 3dfier: automatic reconstruction of 3D city models. 2866 2021 6 J. Open Source Softw. 57 https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02866 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q113307344 db/journals/jossw/jossw6.html#LedouxBDKPSC21

Michael Kölle 0002 Dominik Laupheimer Stefan Schmohl Norbert Haala Franz Rottensteiner Jan Dirk Wegner Hugo Ledoux The Hessigheim 3D (H3D) Benchmark on Semantic Segmentation of High-Resolution 3D Point Clouds and Textured Meshes from UAV LiDAR and Multi-View-Stereo. 2021 abs/2102.05346 CoRR https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.05346 db/journals/corr/corr2102.html#abs-2102-05346

Weixiao Gao Liangliang Nan Bas Boom Hugo Ledoux SUM: A Benchmark Dataset of Semantic Urban Meshes. 2021 abs/2103.00355 CoRR https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.00355 db/journals/corr/corr2103.html#abs-2103-00355

Zhaiyu Chen Seyran Khademi Hugo Ledoux Liangliang Nan Reconstructing Compact Building Models from Point Clouds Using Deep Implicit Fields. 2021 abs/2112.13142 CoRR https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.13142 db/journals/corr/corr2112.html#abs-2112-13142

Kavisha Kumar Hugo Ledoux Richard Schmidt Theo Verheij Jantien E. Stoter A Harmonized Data Model for Noise Simulation in the EU. 121 2020 9 ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf. 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020121 db/journals/ijgi/ijgi9.html#KumarLSVS20

Amin Mobasheri Helena Mitásová Markus Neteler Alexander D. Singleton Hugo Ledoux Maria Antonia Brovelli Highlighting recent trends in open source geospatial science and software. 1141-1146 2020 24 Trans. GIS 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.12703 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q114980760 db/journals/tgis/tgis24.html#MobasheriMNSLB20

Jantien E. Stoter Ravi Peters Tom Commandeur Balázs Dukai Kavisha Kumar Hugo Ledoux Automated reconstruction of 3D input data for noise simulation. 101424 2020 80 Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2019.101424 db/journals/urban/urban80.html#StoterPCDKL20

Kavisha Kumar Anna Labetski Ken Arroyo Ohori Hugo Ledoux Jantien E. Stoter Harmonising the OGC Standards for the Built Environment: A CityGML Extension for LandInfra. 246 2019 8 ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf. 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060246 db/journals/ijgi/ijgi8.html#KumarLOLS19

Shenglan Du Roderik Lindenbergh Hugo Ledoux Jantien E. Stoter Liangliang Nan AdTree: Accurate, Detailed, and Automatic Modelling of Laser-Scanned Trees. 2074 2019 11 Remote. Sens. 18 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11182074 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q127300820 db/journals/remotesensing/remotesensing11.html#DuLLSN19

Hugo Ledoux Ken Arroyo Ohori Kavisha Kumar Balázs Dukai Anna Labetski Stelios Vitalis CityJSON: A compact and easy-to-use encoding of the CityGML data model. 2019 abs/1902.09155 CoRR http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.09155 db/journals/corr/corr1902.html#abs-1902-09155

Ken Arroyo Ohori Abdoulaye A. Diakité Thomas Krijnen Hugo Ledoux Jantien E. Stoter Processing BIM and GIS Models in Practice: Experiences and Recommendations from a GeoBIM Project in The Netherlands. 311 2018 7 ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf. 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7080311 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q129424856 db/journals/ijgi/ijgi7.html#OhoriDKLS18

Kavisha Kumar Hugo Ledoux Jantien E. Stoter Compactly representing massive terrain models as TINs in CityGML. 1152-1178 2018 22 Trans. GIS 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.12456 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q91580968 db/journals/tgis/tgis22.html#KumarLS18

Tom Broersen Ravi Peters Hugo Ledoux Automatic identification of watercourses in flat and engineered landscapes by computing the skeleton of a LiDAR point cloud. 171-180 2017 106 Comput. Geosci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2017.06.003 db/journals/gandc/gandc106.html#BroersenPL17

Jantien E. Stoter Hendrik Ploeger Ruben Roes Els van der Riet Filip Biljecki Hugo Ledoux Dirco Kok Sangmin Kim Registration of Multi-Level Property Rights in 3D in The Netherlands: Two Cases and Next Steps in Further Implementation. 158 2017 6 ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf. 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6060158 db/journals/ijgi/ijgi6.html#StoterPRRBLKK17

Hugo Ledoux Ken Arroyo Ohori Solving the horizontal conflation problem with a constrained Delaunay triangulation. 21-42 2017 19 J. Geogr. Syst. 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-016-0237-7 db/journals/jgs/jgs19.html#LedouxO17

Ken Arroyo Ohori Hugo Ledoux Jantien E. Stoter Modeling and manipulating spacetime objects in a true 4D model. 61-93 2017 14 J. Spatial Inf. Sci. 1 https://doi.org/10.5311/JOSIS.2017.14.297 db/journals/josis/josis14.html#OhoriLS17

Ken Arroyo Ohori Hugo Ledoux Jantien E. Stoter Visualising higher-dimensional space-time and space-scale objects as projections to ℝ3. e123 2017 3 PeerJ Comput. Sci. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.123 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q110950397 db/journals/peerj-cs/peerj-cs3.html#OhoriLS17

Filip Biljecki Hugo Ledoux Jantien E. Stoter Generating 3D city models without elevation data. 1-18 2017 64 Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2017.01.001 db/journals/urban/urban64.html#BiljeckiLS17

Ken Arroyo Ohori Hugo Ledoux Jantien E. Stoter Visualising higher-dimensional space-time and space-scale objects as projections to ℝ3. e2844 2017 5 PeerJ Prepr. https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2844v1 db/journals/peerjpre/peerjpre5.html#OhoriLS17

Ravi Peters Hugo Ledoux Robust approximation of the Medial Axis Transform of LiDAR point clouds as a tool for visualisation. 123-133 2016 90 Comput. Geosci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2016.02.019 db/journals/gandc/gandc90.html#PetersL16

Sjors Donkers Hugo Ledoux Junqiao Zhao Jantien E. Stoter Automatic conversion of IFC datasets to geometrically and semantically correct CityGML LOD3 buildings. 547-569 2016 20 Trans. GIS 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.12162 db/journals/tgis/tgis20.html#DonkersLZS16

Filip Biljecki Hugo Ledoux Jantien E. Stoter An improved LOD specification for 3D building models. 25-37 2016 59 Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2016.04.005 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q56475093 db/journals/urban/urban59.html#BiljeckiLS16

Ken Arroyo Ohori Hugo Ledoux Jantien E. Stoter An evaluation and classification of nD topological data structures for the representation of objects in a higher-dimensional GIS. 825-849 2015 29 Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 5 https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2014.999683 db/journals/gis/gis29.html#OhoriLS15

Ken Arroyo Ohori Hugo Ledoux Jantien E. Stoter A dimension-independent extrusion algorithm using generalised maps. 1166-1186 2015 29 Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 7 https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1010535 db/journals/gis/gis29.html#OhoriLS15a

Filip Biljecki Gerard B. M. Heuvelink Hugo Ledoux Jantien E. Stoter Propagation of positional error in 3D GIS: estimation of the solar irradiation of building roofs. 2269-2294 2015 29 Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 12 https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1073292 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q125732901 db/journals/gis/gis29.html#BiljeckiHLS15

Ken Arroyo Ohori Hugo Ledoux Filip Biljecki Jantien E. Stoter Modeling a 3D City Model and Its Levels of Detail as a True 4D Model. 1055-1075 2015 4 ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf. 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi4031055 db/journals/ijgi/ijgi4.html#OhoriLBS15

Filip Biljecki Jantien E. Stoter Hugo Ledoux Sisi Zlatanova Arzu Çöltekin Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review. 2842-2889 2015 4 ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf. 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi4042842 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q59563021 db/journals/ijgi/ijgi4.html#BiljeckiSLZC15

Ravi Peters Hugo Ledoux Filip Biljecki Visibility Analysis in a Point Cloud Based on the Medial Axis Transform. 7-12 2015 UDMV https://doi.org/10.2312/udmv.20151342 conf/udmv/2015 db/conf/udmv/udmv2015.html#PetersLB15

Hugo Ledoux Ken Arroyo Ohori Martijn Meijers A triangulation-based approach to automatically repair GIS polygons. 121-131 2014 66 Comput. Geosci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2014.01.009 db/journals/gandc/gandc66.html#LedouxOM14

Filip Biljecki Hugo Ledoux Jantien E. Stoter Junqiao Zhao Formalisation of the level of detail in 3D city modelling. 1-15 2014 48 Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2014.05.004 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q56475092 db/journals/urban/urban48.html#BiljeckiLSZ14

Ken Arroyo Ohori Guillaume Damiand Hugo Ledoux Constructing an n-dimensional Cell Complex from a Soup of (n - 1)-Dimensional Faces. 37-48 2014 ICAA https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04126-1_4 conf/icaa/2014 db/conf/icaa/icaa2014.html#OhoriDL14

Hugo Ledoux On the Validation of Solids Represented with the International Standards for Geographic Information. 693-706 2013 28 Comput. Aided Civ. Infrastructure Eng. 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12043 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q125908437 db/journals/cacie/cacie28.html#Ledoux13

Farid Karimipour Mehran Ghandehari Hugo Ledoux Watershed delineation from the medial axis of river networks. 132-147 2013 59 Comput. Geosci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2013.06.004 db/journals/gandc/gandc59.html#KarimipourGL13

Filip Biljecki Hugo Ledoux Peter van Oosterom Transportation mode-based segmentation and classification of movement trajectories. 385-407 2013 27 Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2012.692791 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q55833860 db/journals/gis/gis27.html#BiljeckiLO13

Hugo Ledoux Martijn Meijers A star-based data structure to store efficiently 3D topography in a database. 256-266 2013 16 Geo spatial Inf. Sci. 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2013.866618 db/journals/gsis/gsis16.html#LedouxM13

Jantien E. Stoter Linda van den Brink Jakob Beetz Hugo Ledoux Marcel Reuvers Paul Janssen Friso Penninga George Vosselman Sander Oude Elberink Three-dimensional modeling with national coverage: case of The Netherlands. 267-276 2013 16 Geo spatial Inf. Sci. 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2013.866619 db/journals/gsis/gsis16.html#StoterBBLRJPVE13

Ken Arroyo Ohori Hugo Ledoux Using extrusion to generate higher-dimensional GIS datasets. 398-401 2013 SIGSPATIAL/GIS https://doi.org/10.1145/2525314.2525447 conf/gis/2013 db/conf/gis/gis2013.html#OhoriL13 Ken Arroyo Ohori Hugo Ledoux Jantien E. Stoter Modelling Higher Dimensional Data for GIS Using Generalised Maps. 526-539 2013 ICCSA (1) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39637-3_41 conf/iccsa/2013-1 db/conf/iccsa/iccsa2013-1.html#OhoriLS13

Hugo Ledoux Martijn Meijers Topologically consistent 3D city models obtained by extrusion. 557-574 2011 25 Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/13658811003623277 db/journals/gis/gis25.html#LedouxM11

Hugo Ledoux Christopher M. Gold Modelling three-dimensional geoscientific fields with the Voronoi diagram and its dual. 547-574 2008 22 Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 5 https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810701517120 db/journals/gis/gis22.html#LedouxG08

Hugo Ledoux FieldGML: An Alternative Representation For Fields. 385-400 2008 SDH https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68566-1_22 conf/sdh/2008 db/conf/sdh/sdh2008.html#Ledoux08

Hugo Ledoux Christopher M. Gold Simultaneous storage of primal and dual three-dimensional subdivisions. 393-408 2007 31 Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2006.03.003 db/journals/urban/urban31.html#LedouxG07

Hugo Ledoux Computing the 3D Voronoi Diagram Robustly: An Easy Explanation. 117-129 2007 conf/isvd/2007 ISVD https://doi.org/10.1109/ISVD.2007.10 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ISVD.2007.10 db/conf/isvd/isvd2007.html#Ledoux07

Hugo Ledoux Christopher M. Gold La modélisation de données océanographiques à l'aide du diagramme de Voronoï tridimensionnel. 51-70 2006 16 Rev. Int. Géomatique 1 https://doi.org/10.3166/rig.16.51-70 db/journals/rig/rig16.html#LedouxG06

Christopher M. Gold Rebecca O. C. Tse Hugo Ledoux Building Reconstruction - Outside and In. 355-369 2006 3D-GIS https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36998-1_28 conf/3dgis/2006 db/conf/3dgis/3dgis2006.html#GoldTL06 Hugo Ledoux Christopher M. Gold George Baciu Flipping to Robustly Delete a Vertex in a Delaunay Tetrahedralization. 737-747 2005 conf/iccsa/2005-1 ICCSA (1) https://doi.org/10.1007/11424758_76 db/conf/iccsa/iccsa2005-1.html#LedouxGB05 Hugo Ledoux Christopher M. Gold An Efficient Natural Neighbour Interpolation Algorithm for Geoscientific Modelling. 97-108 2004 SDH https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26772-7_8 conf/sdh/2004 db/conf/sdh/sdh2004.html#LedouxG04 Giorgio Agugiaro George Baciu Jakob Beetz Filip Biljecki Bas Boom Linda van den Brink Tom Broersen Maria A. BrovelliMaria Antonia Brovelli Yuduan Cai Zhaiyu Chen Arzu Çöltekin Tom Commandeur Guillaume Damiand Abdoulaye A. Diakité Sjors Donkers Shenglan Du Balázs Dukai Sander Oude Elberink Marieke A. Eleveld Weixiao Gao Mehran Ghandehari Christopher M. Gold Norbert Haala Gerard B. M. Heuvelink Nail Ibrahimli Paul Janssen Farid Karimipour Seyran Khademi Sangmin Kim Dirco Kok Michael Kölle 0002 Julian F. P. Kooij Thomas Krijnen Kavisha Kumar Anna Labetski Dominik Laupheimer Roderik C. LindenberghRoderik Lindenbergh Martijn Meijers Siebren Meines Helena Mitásová Amin Mobasheri Camille Morlighem Liangliang Nan Markus Neteler Ken Arroyo Ohori Peter van Oosterom Friso Penninga Ravi Y. PetersRavi Peters Hendrik Ploeger Chris Poon Leon Powalka Maarten Pronk Marcel Reuvers Els van der Riet Ruben Roes Franz Rottensteiner Ellie Roy Richard Schmidt Stefan Schmohl Alexander D. Singleton Gina Stavropoulou Jantien E. Stoter Rebecca O. C. Tse Theo Verheij Stelios Vitalis George Vosselman Jan Dirk Wegner Yitong Xia Lan Yan Junqiao Zhao Sisi Zlatanova