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{{short description|British breed of cattle}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox cattle breed
| name = Lincoln Red
| image = Red Bull - geograph.org.uk - 432117.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_size =
| image_caption = At [[North Somercotes]], Lincolnshire
| status = {{ubl|'''cross-bred''':|[[FAO]] (2007): not at risk{{r|barb|p=144}}|{{nobreak|[[DAD-IS]] (2022): endangered-maintained{{r|dad}}}}|'''original population''':|{{nobreak|FAO (2007): endangered-maintained{{r|barb|p=119}}}}|DAD-IS (2022): at risk/critical{{r|dad2}}|[[Rare Breeds Survival Trust|RBST]] (2022–2023): at risk{{r|rbst2}}}}
| altname = {{ubl|Lincoln Red Shorthorn|Lincolnshire Red Shorthorn}}
| country = United Kingdom
| distribution =
| standard =
| use = formerly dual-purpose, now beef
| weight =
| maleweight = average 990 kg{{r|dad}}
| femaleweight = average 700 kg{{r|dad}}
| height =
| maleheight = average 145 cm{{r|dad}}
| femaleheight = average 135 cm{{r|dad}}
| skincolour =
| colour = deep cherry-red
| horn = formerly horned, now [[polled (livestock)|polled]]{{r|cabi|p=229}}
| subspecies = taurus
| note =
}}
[[File:Lincoln Red
The '''Lincoln Red''' is a British [[list of cattle breeds|breed]] of red-coated [[beef cattle]]. It originates in, and is named for, the [[counties of England|county]] of [[Lincolnshire]] in the eastern [[Midlands]] of England. It was [[selectively bred]] in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries by [[cross-breed|crossing]] large local [[draught cattle]] of the region with Teeswater [[Shorthorn]]s of medium size.{{r|cabi|p=229}} It was at first known as the Lincolnshire Red Shorthorn, and was a dual-purpose breed, reared both for milk and for beef. The [[polled (livestock)|polling gene]] was introduced in the early twentieth century, and the cattle are now usually polled; the word 'shorthorn' was dropped from the breed name in 1960.{{r|cabi|p=229}} In the twenty-first century it is reared for beef.{{r|felius|p=121|rbst}}
==
During the seventeenth century, [[draught cattle]] were brought from Holland to the eastern [[Midlands]] of England. These were large, coarse, powerful and rugged animals with large hooves and short horns, usually either red or red-and-white in colour. In his ''Cheape and good hvsbandry for the well-ordering of all beasts and fowles'' of 1631, [[Gervase Markham]] describes the cattle of Lincolnshire as [[pied]], with more white than of other colours, and with little crooked horns.{{r|becker|p=55|markham|p2=89|rbst}} [[John Mortimer (agriculturalist)|John Mortimer]], writing in 1712, refers to these as the "Dutch-breed".{{r|becker|p=55|mortimer|p2=159}}
In the latter part of the eighteenth century and the early years of the nineteenth, cattle-breeders in Lincolnshire bought medium-sized red [[Shorthorn]] (also called Durham) cattle from the counties of [[Durham (county)|Durham]] and [[Yorkshire]], and [[cross-bred]] these with the local large draught cattle.{{r|cabi|p=229}} One such breeder was Thomas Turnell of [[Wragby]], who well before the end of the century had a herd of cherry-red short-horned cattle of medium size, fast-growing and quick to put on weight; they were known as 'Turnell Reds'.{{r|cabi|p=229|green|p2=48}} Cattle of this type soon acquired a good reputation; from 1822 they were registered in Coates's Shorthorn [[herd-book]].{{r|cabi|p=229}} In 1895 a [[breed society]], the Lincoln Red Shorthorn Association, was formed, and within a year had published its own herd-book. By the 1920s the Lincoln Red Shorthorn was the second-most numerous registered breed in the country.{{r|cabi|p=229}}
From the beginning of the [[Second World War]] until about 1956, a breeder name Eric Pentecost worked to introduce the [[polled (livestock)|polled gene]] to the breed while retaining its other characteristics; he first used a [[Red Poll]] bull, and later made use of [[Aberdeen Angus]] bulls, both black and red.{{r|cabi|p=229|marson|p2=15}} The polled stock was first shown in 1956, and took several prizes; in the same year a polled Lincoln bull was licensed by the [[Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Agriculture]].{{r|cabi|p=229|marson|p2=15}}
They are now present in a number of countries around the world. These cattle were imported into Australia over 100 years ago and the Lincoln Red Cattle Society (Aust) was formed in 1971 with one registered herd.<ref name="HAL">{{cite book|title=Handbook of Australian Livestock|year=2000|isbn= 1-74036-216-0|publisher=Meat & Livestock Australia|pages=51}}</ref>
== Characteristics ==
Lincoln Red cattle are a very dark red in colour that reduces the likelihood of sunburn and cancer. They do not have horns. They may be polled and are noted for their docility and an ability to thrive under all conditions.
== References ==▼
{{commonscat}}
{{Reflist|45em|refs=
<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{ISBN|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref>
<ref name=becker>Raymond Brown Becker (1973). [https://archive.org/details/dairycattlebreed0000beck/page/181/mode/1up ''Dairy Cattle Breeds; Origin and Development'']. Gainesville: University of Florida Press. {{isbn|9780813003351}}.</ref>
<ref name=cabi>Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). [https://books.google.com/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding''] (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{ISBN|9781780647944}}.</ref>
<ref name=dad>[https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=GBR&specie=Cattle&breed=Lincoln%20Red&lang=en Breed data sheet: Lincoln Red / United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Cattle)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 2022.</ref>
<ref name=dad2>[https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=GBR&specie=Cattle&breed=Lincoln%20Red%20(Original)&lang=en Breed data sheet: Lincoln Red (Original) / United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Cattle)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 2022.</ref>
<ref name=felius>Marleen Felius (1995). [https://books.google.com/books?id=iXImAQAAMAAJ ''Cattle Breeds: An Encyclopedia'']. Doetinchem, Netherlands: Misset. {{ISBN|9789054390176}}.</ref>
<ref name=green>A.S. Grant (1908). [https://archive.org/details/b28122239_0003/page/48/mode/1up Lincoln Red Cattle]. In: Charles Edward Green, D. Young (editors) (1908). ''Encyclopaedia of Agriculture by the most eminent authorities'', volume III, Kainit to Zelkova. Edinburgh: W. Green.</ref>
<ref name=markham>Gervase Markham (1631). [https://archive.org/details/b30333131/page/89/mode/1up ''Cheape and good hvsbandry for the well-ordering of all beasts and fowles, and for the generall cure of their diseases ...'']. London: Printed by Anne Griffin for I. Harison.</ref>
<ref name=marson>T.B. Marson (17 April 1957). [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/download/BL/0001858/19570417/024/0014 A Pioneer Breeder of Poll Cattle: Mr. Eric Pentecost's Successful Experiments At Cropwell]. ''Sport and Country'', 17 April 1957, pages 14–16.</ref>
<ref name=mortimer>John Mortimer (1712). [https://archive.org/details/b30524027/page/159/mode/1up ''The whole art of husbandry: or, the way of managing and improving of land ...'']. London: Printed by J.H. for H. and G. Mortlock, & R. Robinson.</ref>
<ref name=rbst>[https://www.rbst.org.uk/lincoln-red Lincoln Red Original Population]. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Accessed August 2022.</ref>
<ref name=rbst2>[https://www.rbst.org.uk/watchlist-overview Watchlist overview]. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Accessed August 2022.</ref>
}}
{{British livestock|R.}}
▲==References==
[[Category:Cattle breeds originating in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:History of Lincolnshire]]
[[Category:Lincoln, England]]
[[Category:Animal breeds on the RBST Watchlist]]
{{cattle-stub}}
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