Wikipedia

Maxillary sinus: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Category addition
Citation bot (talk | contribs)
Bots
5,404,972 edits
Altered title. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Otorhinolaryngology | #UCB_Category 222/248
 
(8 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown)
Line 11:
| Precursor =
| System =
| Artery = [[infraorbitalInfraorbital artery]], [[posterior superior alveolar artery]]
| Vein =
| Nerve = [[posteriorPosterior superior alveolar nerve]], [[middle superior alveolar nerve]], [[anterior superior alveolar nerve]], and [[infraorbital nerve]]
| Lymph =
}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2024}}
The pyramid-shaped '''maxillary sinus''' (or [[antrum]] of [[Nathaniel Highmore (surgeon)|Highmore]]) is the largest of the [[paranasal sinus]]es, located in the [[maxilla]]. It drains into the [[middle meatus]] of the nose<ref name=":2">Human Anatomy, Jacobs, Elsevier, 2008, page 209-210</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite book |last=Morton |first=David A. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1044772257 |title=The Big Picture: Gross Anatomy |date=2019 |others=K. Bo Foreman, Kurt H. Albertine |isbn=978-1-259-86264-9 |edition=2nd |location=New York |pages=246 |oclc=1044772257}}</ref> through the [[semilunar hiatus]]. It is located to the side of the [[nasal cavity]], and below the orbit.<ref name=":13" />
 
==Structure==
It is the largest air sinus in the body.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> It has a mean volume of about 10 ml.<ref name=":222">Human Anatomy, Jacobs, Elsevier, 2008, page 209-210</ref>{{Verification needed|date=July 2023}} It is situated within the [[body of the maxilla]],<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />'''<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last=Sinnatamby |first=Chummy S. |title=Last's Anatomy |publisher= Elsevier Australia|year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7295-3752-0 |edition=12th |pages=376}}</ref>''' but may extend into its [[Maxilla|zygomatic]] and [[Maxilla|alveolar processes]] when large. It is pyramid-shaped, with the apex at the maxillary [[zygomatic process]], and the base represented by the lateral nasal wall.'''<ref name=":022" />'''
 
It has three recesses: an alveolar recess pointed inferiorly, bounded by the [[alveolar process]] of the maxilla; a zygomatic recess pointed laterally, bounded by the [[zygomatic bone]]; and an infraorbital recess pointed superiorly, bounded by the inferior [[Orbital surface of the body of the maxilla|orbital surface of the maxilla]]. The medial wall is composed primarily of [[cartilage]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />
 
===Walls===
The nasal wall of the maxillary sinus, or base, presents, in the disarticulated bone, a large, irregular aperture, communicatingthat communicates with the [[nasal cavity]].{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} In the articulated skull this aperture is much reduced in size by the following bones:
* the [[uncinate process of ethmoid bone|uncinate process of the ethmoid]] above,
* the ethmoidal process of the [[inferior nasal concha]] below,
Line 38 ⟶ 39:
The floor is formed by the [[alveolar process]], and, if the sinus is of an average size, is on a level with the floor of the nose; if the sinus is large it reaches below this level.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} Projecting into the floor of the antrum are several conical processes, corresponding to the roots of the first and second maxillary [[molar teeth]]; in some cases the floor can be perforated by the apices of the teeth.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}
 
The roof is formed by the floor of the orbit. It is traversed by infraorbital nerves and vessels.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}
 
=== Features ===
Line 52 ⟶ 53:
 
=== Relations ===
The roof of the sinus is also the floor orof the [[orbit_(anatomy)|orbit]]. Posterior to the sinus and its wall are the [[pterygopalatine fossa]] and the [[infratemporal fossa]].'''<ref name=":022" />'''
 
=== Variation ===
Line 63 ⟶ 64:
 
[[File:Pneumatized max sinus.jpg|thumb|140px|right|The maxillary sinus can normally be seen above the level of the premolar and molar teeth in the [[maxilla|upper jaw]]. This [[dental radiography|dental x-ray film]] shows how, in the absence of the second premolar and first molar, the sinus became ''pneumatized'' and expanded towards the crest of the alveolar process (location at which the bone meets the gum tissue).]]
 
==Clinical significance==
 
Line 72 ⟶ 74:
 
==== Oro-antral communication (OAC) ====
An OAC is an abnormal physical communication between the maxillary sinus and the mouth. This opening is only present when the structures that normally separates the mouth and sinus into 2 separate compartments are lost.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kiran Kumar Krishanappa|first1=Salian|last2=Eachempati|first2=Prashanti|last3=Kumbargere Nagraj|first3=Sumanth|last4=Shetty|first4=Naresh Yedthare|last5=Moe|first5=Soe|last6=Aggarwal|first6=Himanshi|last7=Mathew|first7=Rebecca J|date=2018-08-16|title=Interventions for treating oro‐antraloro-antral communications and fistulae due to dental procedures|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2018|issue=8|pages=CD011784|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD011784.pub3|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6513579|pmid=30113083}}</ref>
 
There are many causes of an OAC. The most common reason is following extraction of a posterior maxillary (upper) [[premolar]] or [[Molar (tooth)|molar]] tooth. Other causes include trauma, pathology (e.g. tumours or cysts), infection or iatrogenic damage during surgery. Iatrogenic damage during dental treatment accounts for nearly half of the incidence of dental-related maxillary sinusitis.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|author1=Regimantas Simuntis |author2=Ričardas Kubilius |author3=Saulius Vaitkus|date=2014|title=Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis: A review|url=https://sbdmj.lsmuni.lt/142/142-01.pdf|journal=Stomatologija, Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal}}</ref> There is always a thin layer of mucous membrane (''Schneiderian membrane'') and usually bone between the roots of the upper back teeth and the floor of the maxillary sinus. However, the bone can vary in thickness in different individuals, ranging from complete absence to 12mm thick.<ref name=":3" /> Therefore, in certain individuals the membrane +/- the bony floor of the sinus can be perforated easily, creating an opening into the mouth when a tooth is extracted.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Franco-Carro|first1=B.|last2=Barona-Dorado|first2=C.|last3=Martínez-González|first3=M.-J.-S.|last4=Rubio-Alonso|first4=L.-J.|last5=Martínez-González|first5=J.-M.|date=2011-08-01|title=Meta-analytic study on the frequency and treatment of oral antral communications|journal=Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal|volume=16|issue=5|pages=e682–687|doi=10.4317/medoral.17058|issn=1698-6946|pmid=20711106|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Line 117 ⟶ 119:
[[Category:Otorhinolaryngology]]
[[Category:Rhinology]]
[[Category:Sinus surgery]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillary_sinus"