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Add: pages, bibcode, doi-access, authors 1-1. Removed URL that duplicated identifier. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Amphibian families | #UCB_Category 35/62
 
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{{Short description|Family of amphibians}}
{{automaticAutomatic taxobox
| image = Rhacophoridae diversity.jpg
| image_caption = Rhacophoridae diversity
| taxon = Rhacophoridae
| authority = [[Abraham Carel Hoffman|Hoffman]], 1932 (1858)
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
| subdivision = [[Buergeria|Buergeriinae]]<br/>
[[Buergeria|Buergeriinae]]<br/>
[[Rhacophorinae]]
}}
 
The '''Rhacophoridae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[frog]]s which occur in tropical [[sub-Saharan Africa]], [[South India]] and [[Sri Lanka]], [[Japan]];, northeastern India to eastern [[China]] and [[Taiwan]], south through the [[Philippines]] and [[Greater Sundas]], and [[Sulawesi]]. They are commonly known as '''shrub frogs''', or more ambiguously as "[[moss frog (disambiguation)|moss frog]]s" or "[[bush frog (disambiguation)|bush frogs]]". Some Rhacophoridae are called "[[tree frog]]s". Among the most spectacular members of this family are numerous "[[flying frog]]s".▼
[[File:Amboli Bush Frog with enlarged vocal sac for mating calls.jpg|thumb|Amboli bush frog (''[[Pseudophilautus amboli]]''), a member of the Rhacophoridae, with enlarged vocal sac for mating calls]]
▲The '''Rhacophoridae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[frog]]s which occur in tropical [[sub-Saharan Africa]], [[South India]] and [[Sri Lanka]], [[Japan]]; northeastern India to eastern [[China]] south through the [[Philippines]] and [[Greater Sundas]], and [[Sulawesi]]. They are commonly known as '''shrub frogs''', or more ambiguously as "[[moss frog (disambiguation)|moss frog]]s" or "[[bush frog (disambiguation)|bush frogs]]". Some Rhacophoridae are called "[[tree frog]]s". Among the most spectacular members of this family are numerous "[[flying frog]]s".
 
Although a few groups are primarily [[terrestrial animal|terrestrial]], rhacophorids are predominantly treefrogs which are [[arboreal]] treefrogs. Mating frogs, while in [[amplexus]], hold on to a branch, and beat their legs to form a foam. The eggs are laid in the foam and covered with seminal fluid before the foam hardens into a protective casing. In somecertain species, this isprocess doneoccurs in a large groupcollectively. The foam is laiddeposited above a water source, soensuring that the tadpoles falldrop into the water once theyupon hatchhatching.<ref name=EoR>{{cite book |editor=Cogger, H.G. |editor2=Zweifel, R.G.|author= Zweifel, Richard G.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|pages= 99–100|isbn= 0-12-178560-2}}</ref>
 
The species within this family vary in size from {{convert|1.5|to|12|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name=EoR/> Like other arboreal frogs, they have toe discs, and those of the genus ''[[Chiromantis]]'' have two opposable fingers on each hand. This family also contains the Old World [[flying frog]]s, including Wallace's flying frog (''[[Rhacophorus nigropalmatus]]''). These frogs have extensive webbing between their forelimbsfore and hindlimbshind limbs, allowing them to glide through the air.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?query_src=aw_search_index&max=200&where-genus=Rhacophorus&where-species=nigropalmatus | title = Rhacophorus nigropalmatus, Wallace's Flying Frog | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-06-22 |author1=Sunny Shah |author2=Rachna Tiwari |lastauthorampname-list-style=yesamp | date = 2001-11-29 | format = | work = | publisher = AmphibiaWeb| pages = | language = | quote = Edited by Tate Tunstall (2003-04-12)}}</ref>
 
==Phylogeny Taxonomy ==
 
The following phylogeny of Rhacophoridae is from Yu et al. (2008).<ref>Yu Guohua, Rao Dingqi, Zhang Mingwang, Yang Junxing. Re-examination of the phylogeny of Rhacophoridae (Anura) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50 (2009) 571–579. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.023</ref>▼
=== Evolution ===
The Rhacophoridae are the [[sister group]] to the [[Mantellidae]], a family of frogs restricted to [[Madagascar]]. Both families are thought to have diverged during the [[Paleocene]], although previous studies estimated a [[Cretaceous]] divergence. Two different hypotheses for this divergence have been proposed: one that the Mantellidae and Rhacophoridae diverged when [[Insular India]] broke from Madagascar, with the Rhacophoridae colonizing the rest of Asia following the collision of India with Asia, and the other proposing that the common ancestors of both families inhabited Asia, with the ancestral Mantellidae colonizing Madagascar from India via [[Biological dispersal|long-distance dispersal]], using India as a stepping stone.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Jia-Tang |last2=Li |first2=Yang |last3=Klaus |first3=Sebastian |last4=Rao |first4=Ding-Qi |last5=Hillis |first5=David M. |last6=Zhang |first6=Ya-Ping |date=2013-02-26 |title=Diversification of rhacophorid frogs provides evidence for accelerated faunal exchange between India and Eurasia during the Oligocene |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=110 |issue=9 |pages=3441–3446 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1300881110 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=3587228 |pmid=23401521|bibcode=2013PNAS..110.3441L }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Feng |first1=Yan-Jie |last2=Blackburn |first2=David C. |last3=Liang |first3=Dan |last4=Hillis |first4=David M. |last5=Wake |first5=David B. |last6=Cannatella |first6=David C. |last7=Zhang |first7=Peng |date=2017-07-18 |title=Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=114 |issue=29 |pages=E5864–E5870 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1704632114 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=5530686 |pmid=28673970|bibcode=2017PNAS..114E5864F }}</ref>[[File:Amboli Bush Frog with enlarged vocal sac for mating calls.jpg|thumb|Amboli bush frog (''[[Pseudophilautus amboli]]''), a member of the Rhacophoridae, with enlarged vocal sac for mating calls]]
 
=== Genera ===
 
* Subfamily [[Buergeriinae]] <small>Channing, 1989</small>
** ''[[Buergeria]]'' <small>Tschudi, 1838</small>
* Subfamily [[Rhacophorinae]] <small>Hoffman, 1932 (1858)</small>
** ''[[Beddomixalus]]'' <small>Abraham, Pyron, Ansil, Zachariah, and Zachariah, 2013</small>
** ''[[Chirixalus]]'' <small>Boulenger, 1893</small>
** ''[[Chiromantis]]'' <small>Peters, 1854</small>
** ''[[Feihyla]]'' <small>Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006</small>
** ''[[Ghatixalus]]'' <small>Biju, Roelants, and Bossuyt, 2008</small>
** ''[[Gracixalus]]'' <small>Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2005</small>
** ''[[Kurixalus]]'' <small>Ye, Fei, and Dubois, 1999</small>
** ''[[Leptomantis]]'' <small>Peters, 1867</small>
** ''[[Liuixalus]]'' <small>Li, Che, Bain, [[Zhao Ermi|Zhao]], and Zhang, 2008</small>
** ''[[Mercurana]]'' <small>Abraham ''et al''., 2013</small><ref name="robin2">{{cite journal |author1=Robin Kurian Abraham |author2=R. Alexander Pyron |author3=Ansil B. R. |author4=Arun Zachariah |author5=Anil Zachariah |year=2013 |title=Two novel genera and one new species of treefrog (Anura: Rhacophoridae) highlight cryptic diversity in the Western Ghats of India |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3640 |issue=2 |pages=177–189 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3640.2.3 |pmid=26000411}}</ref>
** ''[[Nasutixalus]]'' <small>Jiang, Yan, Wang, and Che, 2016</small>
** ''[[Nyctixalus]]'' <small>Boulenger, 1882</small>
** ''[[Philautus]]'' <small>Gistel, 1848</small>
** ''[[Polypedates]]'' <small>Tschudi, 1838</small>
** ''[[Pseudophilautus]]'' <small>Laurent, 1943</small>
** ''[[Raorchestes]]'' <small>Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta, and Bossuyt, 2010</small>
** ''[[Rhacophorus]]'' <small>Kuhl and Van Hasselt, 1822</small>
** ''[[Rohanixalus]]'' <small>Biju, Garg, Gokulakrishnan, Chandrakasan, Thammachoti, Ren, Gopika, Bisht, Hamidy, and Shouche, 2020</small>
** ''[[Taruga (frog)|Taruga]]'' <small>Meegaskumbura, Meegaskumbura, Bowatte, Manamendra-Arachchi, Pethiyagoda, Hanken, and Schneider, 2010</small>
** ''[[Theloderma]]'' <small>Tschudi, 1838</small>
** ''[[Vampyrius]]'' <small>Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021</small>
** ''[[Zhangixalus]]'' <small>Li, Jiang, Ren, and Jiang, 2019</small>
 
=== Phylogeny ===
▲The followingThis phylogeny of the Rhacophoridae is from Yu et al. (2008).:<ref>Yu Guohua, Rao Dingqi, Zhang Mingwang, Yang Junxing. Re-examination of the phylogeny of Rhacophoridae (Anura) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50 (2009) 571–579. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.023</ref>
{{clade| style=font-size:95%;line-height:90%
|label1='''Rhacophoridae'''&nbsp;
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Buergeriinae]]&nbsp;
Line 45 ⟶ 76:
}}
|2=''[[Rhacophorus]]''
}}
}}
}}
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==Parasites==
As many frogs, Rhacophoridsrhacophorids harbour [[monogenea]]nsn worms in their [[urinary bladder]]s. The parasite species specialized to this family of frogs belong to the [[genus]] ''Indopolystoma'', described in 2019.<ref name="Chaabane2019">{{cite journal|last1=Chaabane|first1=Amira|last2=Verneau|first2=Olivier|last3=Du Preez|first3=Louis|title=''Indopolystoma'' n. gen. (Monogenea, Polystomatidae) with the description of three new species and reassignment of eight known ''Polystoma'' species from Asian frogs (Anura, Rhacophoridae)|journal=Parasite|volume=26|year=2019|pages=67|issn=1776-1042|doi=10.1051/parasite/2019067|urlpmid=https://www.parasite31746733 |pmc=6865761 |doi-journal.org/articles/parasite/full_html/2019/01/parasite190082/parasite190082.htmlaccess=free}} {{open access}}</ref>
 
==References==
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==External links==
* {{Wikispecies-inline}}
* {{commonscatCommons category-inline}}
 
{{Anura}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q56065}}
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:Rhacophoridae|* ]]
[[Category:Frogs by classification]]
[[Category:Amphibian families]]
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