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== Uses ==
Diethylene glycol is used in the manufacture of saturated and unsaturated [[polyester resins]], [[polyurethanes]], and [[plasticizers]].
DEG is an important industrial [[desiccant]]. It absorb water from [[natural gas]], minimizing the formation of [[methane hydrate]]s, which can block pipes.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1002/0471238961.0405190903150805.a01.pub2 |chapter=Desiccants |title=Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology |date=2003 |last1=Cohen |first1=Alan P. |isbn=978-0-471-48494-3 }}</ref>
== Toxicology ==
Diethylene glycol has "moderate to low" [[acute toxicity]]<ref>Diethylene glycol toxicity</ref> in animal experiments. The [[median lethal dose|LD<sub>50</sub>]] for small mammals is between 2 and 25 g/kg, less toxic than its relative [[ethylene glycol]] but still capable of causing toxicity in humans (in high concentrations only).<ref>Diethylene glycol: Human toxicity data</ref> It appears that diethylene glycol may be more hazardous to humans<ref>DEG: why it more hazardous to humans, than animals?</ref> than implied by oral toxicity data in laboratory animals.<ref name="Schep">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, Temple WA, Beasley DM |title=Diethylene glycol poisoning |journal=Clin Toxicol |volume=47 |issue=6 |pages=525–35 |year=2009 |pmid=19586352 |doi=10.1080/15563650903086444 |s2cid=22023562 }}</ref>
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The symptoms of poisoning typically occur in three characteristic intervals:<ref name="Schep" />
*'''First phase:''' Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, develop. Some patients may develop early neurological symptoms like altered mental status, central nervous system depression, and coma, as well as mild [[hypotension]].
*'''Second phase:''' In one to three days after ingestion (and depending on the dose ingested), patients develop a [[metabolic acidosis]], which causes [[acute kidney failure]], [[oliguria]], increasing [[blood serum|serum]] [[creatinine]] concentrations, and later [[anuria]]. Other symptoms reported and secondary to acidosis and/or [[kidney]] failure are: [[hypertension]], [[tachycardia]] and other [[cardiac dysrhythmia
*'''Final phase:''' At least five to ten days after ingestion, most of the symptoms are related to neurological complications, such as: progressive [[lethargy]], facial [[paralysis]], [[dysphonia]], dilated and nonreactive pupils, [[quadriplegia]], and [[coma]], leading to death.
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Wang Guiping discovered how easy it was to enter China's pharmaceutical supply business and earn extra money. Records also revealed that to fool buyers, Wang falsified his license and laboratory analysis reports.
Wang declared that after making the first order of counterfeit syrup, he swallowed some of it. Once verifying that he was fine, he shipped it to Qiqihar No. 2 Pharmaceutical in 2005. Some time later, Wang found a reference to diethylene glycol in a chemical book. After manufacturing a second batch of syrup containing diethylene glycol for Qiqihar No. 2 Pharmaceutical, no taste-test was performed. The counterfeit syrup ended in ampules of Amillarisin A, a medication for [[gall bladder]] problems; special pediatric [[enema]] fluid; blood vessel disease injections; intravenous pain reliever; and an [[arthritis]] medication.
In April 2006, the Guangdong Province Hospital of [[Guangzhou]] began administering Amillarisin A to their patients. Soon thereafter, patients died after receiving the medication. Wang was caught and Qiqihar No. 2 Pharmaceutical was shut down by the authorities. Besides Wang, five employees
=== 2006 – Panama ===
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In May 2007, a Panamanian named [[Eduardo Arias]] discovered a 59-cent [[toothpaste]] that was labeled containing DEG. Panamanian officials traced the toothpaste to a local company in the [[Colón Free Trade Zone]]. In fact, the company bought the product in China and had already re-exported toothpaste to [[Costa Rica]], [[Dominican Republic]] and Haiti, making Panama kick off a local warning.<ref>Bogdanich, W.; McLean, R. "Poisoned Toothpaste in Panama Is Believed to Be From China", ''The New York Times'', May 19, 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title =China investigating toothpaste containing potentially deadly chemical|publisher = International Herald Tribune|date = 2007-05-22|url =http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/05/22/asia/AS-GEN-China-Tainted-Toothpaste.php|access-date = 2007-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. checking all toothpaste imports from China |publisher=CNN |date=2007-05-23 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/HEALTH/05/23/china.toothpaste.reut/index.html |access-date=2007-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526145153/http://www.cnn.com/2007/HEALTH/05/23/china.toothpaste.reut/index.html |archive-date=2007-05-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> For the end of the month, the [[Government of China|Chinese government]] committed to investigate the "supposedly" tainted toothpaste that had been recalled in Panama and Dominican Republic, but stated that, as per an essay written in 2000, a toothpaste containing 15.6% was not dangerous.<ref name=China>{{cite web|author1=Xiaomin, X |author2=Hongyi, W.|title =Gov't probes 'tainted toothpaste' case|publisher = China Daily|date = 2007-05-24|url =http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-05/24/content_879179.htm|access-date = 2009-12-10}}</ref>
On June 1, 2007, the FDA warned consumers to avoid toothpaste from China, although there was no information if these toothpastes had already entered the US, and started testing any imported Chinese toothpaste.<ref>Bogdanich, W. "Toxic Toothpaste Made in China Is Found in U.S. ", ''The New York Times'', June 2, 2007.</ref><ref>U.S. Food and Drug Administration Press Release. "FDA Advises Consumers to Avoid Toothpaste From China Containing Harmful Chemical. FDA Detains One Contaminated Shipment, Issues Import Alert", June 1, 2007.</ref> Days later, [[Colgate-Palmolive]] found counterfeit toothpaste with its name, which was contaminated with DEG and found at [[Variety store|dollar-type]] [[
In July 2007, health authorities in the UK detected a [[counterfeit]] [[Sensodyne]] toothpaste on sale at a [[car boot sale]] in [[Derbyshire]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/derbyshire/6896182.stm|work=BBC News|title=Toxin found in fake UK toothpaste|date=July 12, 2007|access-date=May 1, 2010}}</ref> Soon, other countries also recalling Chinese-made toothpaste were [[Belize]], [[Canada]], [[Mozambique]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Spain]], [[Italy]], [[Japan]], and [[Ireland]], plus an [[Indianapolis]], [[Indiana]] US hotel-supplier that distributed Chinese toothpaste in [[Barbados]], [[Belgium]], [[Bermuda]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]], [[Canada]], Dominican Republic, [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Ireland]], Italy, [[Mexico]], Spain, [[Switzerland]], [[Turks and Caicos Islands|Turks and Caicos]], the [[United Arab Emirates]] and [[United States]]. What began as a local alert revealed a global problem in more than 30 countries and involving more than thirty brands.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2007/09/30/world/20071001_PANAMA_GRAPHIC.html "Tainted toothpaste across the world"], ''The New York Times'', September 30, 2007.</ref> The world outcry made Chinese officials ban the practice of using diethylene glycol in toothpaste.<ref>Bogdanich, W. [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/01/world/americas/01panama.html "The Everyman Who Exposed Tainted Toothpaste"], ''The New York Times'', October 1, 2007.</ref>
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