Wikipedia

Oncom: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
mNo edit summary
copyedit
 
(142 intermediate revisions by 88 users not shown)
Line 1:
{{short description|Indonesian traditional fermented dish}}
'''Oncom''' are one of staple food from indonesia, in indonesia oncom have two kind there red oncom and black oncom. oncom are relative closed with [[tempeh]].
{{Infobox food
| name = Oncom
| image = Oncom.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = A block of red oncom
| alternate_name =
| country = [[Indonesia]]
| region = [[West Java]]
| national_cuisine = [[Indonesian cuisine|Indonesia]]
| creator =
| course = Main course
| served =
| main_ingredient =
| variations =
| calories =
| other =
}}
'''Oncom''' ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: {{IPA|ɔnˈtʃɔm}}) is a [[Fermentation (food)|fermented]] food which is one of the traditional [[staple food|staples]] of [[Sundanese people|the Sundanese]] [[Sundanese cuisine|cuisine]] of [[Indonesia]]. There are two kinds of oncom: '''red oncom''' and '''black oncom'''. The food is closely related to [[tempeh]]; both are fermented using [[Mold (fungus)|mold]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Sastraatmadja | first1 = D. D. |display-authors=etal | year = 2002 | title = Production of High-Quality Oncom, a Traditional Indonesian Fermented Food, by the Inoculation with Selected Mold Strains in the Form of Pure Culture and Solid Inoculum | journal = Journal of the Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University | volume = 70 | pages = 111–127 | hdl = 2115/13163 |citeseerx=10.1.1.866.6352 }}</ref>
 
'''Oncom'''Usually, oncom is made from leftthe production[[by-product]]s sediment,from like leftthe production of other foods: [[soy beanpulp]]sediment whenremains madefrom making [[tofu]], and[[peanut]] other[[press leftcake]] productionremains likeafter the [[groundnutoil]] sediment whenhas takebeen [[oil frompressing|pressed groundnutout]], [[cassava]] sedimenttailings when takeextracting flourthe cassava[[starch]] ([[tapioca|''pati singkong'']]), from[[coconut]] cassavapress andcake leftremaining ofafter the oil has been pressed out or when [[coconut milk]] sedimenthas whenbeen takeproduced. Since oncom production uses [[coconutby-product]]s milkto make food, it increases the [[economic efficiency]]from coconut.of [[food production]].
 
Black oncom is made by using ''[[Rhizopus oligosporus]]'' while red oncom is made by using ''[[Neurospora intermedia]]'' var. ''oncomensis''.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S0740-0020(86)80035-1 | volume=3 | issue=2 | title=Identity and characteristics of Neurospora intermedia responsible for oncom fermentation in Indonesia | year=1986 | journal=Food Microbiology | pages=115–132 | last1 = Ho | first1 = C.C.}}</ref> It is the only traditional human food produced from ''[[Neurospora]]''.
Red oncom made by mushroom [[Neurospora sitophila]]
 
Red oncom has been found to reduce the [[cholesterol level]]s of rats.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://grande.nal.usda.gov/ibids/index.php?mode2=detail&origin=ibids_references&therow=421912|title=Plasma cholesterol reduction by defatted soy ontjom (fermented with Neurospora intermedia) in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet.|website=usda.gov|access-date=25 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719234737/http://grande.nal.usda.gov/ibids/index.php?mode2=detail|archive-date=19 July 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Black oncom made by mushroom [[Rhizopus oligosporus]]
 
==Toxicity==
In the production of oncom, sanitation and hygiene are important to avoid contaminating the culture with [[bacteria]] or other [[fungi]] like ''[[Aspergillus flavus]]'' (which produces [[aflatoxin]]). ''[[Neurospora intermedia var. oncomensis]]'' and ''[[Rhizopus oligosporus]]'' reduce the aflatoxin produced by ''[[Aspergillus flavus]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nout |first1=M.J.R. |title=Effect of Rhizopus and Neurospora spp. on growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and accumulation of aflatoxin B1 in groundnut |journal=Mycological Research |date=December 1989 |volume=93 |issue=4 |pages=518–523 |doi=10.1016/S0953-7562(89)80046-2 |url=https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/10309 }}</ref> However, aflatoxin-producing molds (''Aspergillus'' spp.) are often naturally present on peanut press cake. Furthermore, coconut press cake can harbor the very dangerous ''[[Burkholderia gladioli]]'', which produces two highly toxic compounds – [[bongkrek acid]] and [[toxoflavin]]. [[William Shurtleff]] and Akiko Aoyagi address toxicity in their [https://books.google.com/books?id=hdKzFlaqWT8C&dq=shurtleff+oncom&pg=P205 book section on oncom].
 
While it is known that [[soybean]]s are the best substrate for growing ''R. oligosporus'' to produce [[tempeh]], oncom has not been as thoroughly studied; the best fermentation substrates for producing oncom are not yet known.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021|reason=Who did the research to determine that soy is best for R. oligosporus?}}
==Toxic==
 
==Cooking methods==
In production of oncom we must aware about sanitation and higiene cause if not the culture would be contamined with other micro bakteri and other [[fungi]] like [[Apergillus flavus]] fungus who produce [[Aflatoksin]]. but the [[Neurospora sitophila]] and [[Rhizopus oligosporus]] able reducing alfatoxin produce by [[Apergillus flavus]].
Oncom can be prepared and cooked in various ways. It can be simply deep fried as ''[[gorengan]]'' fritters, seasoned and cooked in a [[banana leaf]] pouch as [[pepes]], or roasted, seasoned, and mixed with steamed rice as ''[[nasi tutug oncom]]''.<ref name="JP-7rice">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2016/08/18/seven-traditional-indonesian-rice-dishes-you-should-try.html|title=Seven traditional Indonesian rice dishes you should try|website=The Jakarta Post|language=en|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref> Oncom is also a selected filling for ''comro'', ''[[lontong]]'' and ''[[arem-arem]]'' rice dumplings. ''Comro'' in particular is a popular [[Sundanese cuisine|Sundanese]] snack, the name was an abbreviation of ''oncom di jero'' which means "oncom inside".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kumparan.com/kumparanfood/serupa-namun-tak-sama-ini-perbedaan-combro-dan-misro-1533582530265420139|title=Serupa Namun Tak Sama, Ini Perbedaan Combro dan Misro|website=Kumparan|language=id-ID|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref>
 
==Gallery==
Diffrent from [[tempeh]] who have many scientist have deep research and finds [[soya bean]] as best culture for growing [[Rhizopus oligosporus]] naturaly. Oncom still not found answer what kind culture best suit for growing oncom naturaly.
<gallery mode=packed>
File:Oncom tekstur.jpg|Closer view of red oncom mold
==External links==
Image:Pepes Oncom.jpg|Oncom cooked as [[pepes]] dish.
* [http://www.thesoydailyclub.com/SFC/Fsoyfoods431.asp History tempeh and oncom]
Image:Makanan Khas Sunda.jpg|[[Nasi tutug oncom]], roasted oncom mashed with steamed rice, served with side dishes.
</gallery>
 
==See also==
[[Category:Fermented foods]]▼
{{Portal|Food|Indonesia}}
[[Category:Soy products]]▼
* [[Category:VegetarianSundanese cuisine]]
[[Category:Indonesian cuisine]]▼
 
==References==
[[id:oncom]]
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last1=Aoyagi |last2=Shurtleff |title= Book of Tempeh |edition=Professional |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hdKzFlaqWT8C&q=onchom+appendix+H&pg=PA205 |language=en |chapter=Appendix H Onchom or Ontjom |year=1979 |publisher=Soyinfo Center |isbn= 9780060140090}}
 
{{Indonesian cuisine}}
{{food-stub}}
{{Soy|state=collapsed}}
 
 
▲[[Category:Fermented soy-based foods]]
▲[[Category:IndonesianVegetarian cuisine]]
▲[[Category:SoySundanese productscuisine]]
[[Category:Vegetarian dishes of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Vegetable dishes of Indonesia]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncom"