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{{short description|Welsh cardiologist (1881-1945)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
[[File:Thomas Lewis (cardiologist).jpg|thumb|Thomas Lewis]]▼
| honorific_prefix =
[[File:Thomas Lewis (cardiologist)2.jpg|thumb|Thomas Lewis]]▼
| name = Sir Thomas Lewis
'''Sir Thomas Lewis''', [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]], [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]], [[Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians|FRCP]]<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Drury | first1 = A. N. | last2 = Grant | first2 = R. T. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1945.0012 | title = Thomas Lewis. 1881-1945 | journal = [[Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 5 | issue = 14 | pages = 179 | year = 1945 | s2cid = 72220548 }}</ref> (26 December 1881 – 17 March 1945) was a Welsh [[cardiologist]].{{efn-ua|Lewis personally disliked the term "cardiologist" and preferred to describe himself as a [[cardiovascular disease]] specialist.<ref name="DNB"/>}}<ref name="DNB" /><ref>{{Cite journal▼
| honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE|FRS|FRCP}}
| alt =
| caption =
| office = Physician to [[University College Hospital]]
| term_start =
| term_end =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 26 December 1881
| birth_place = [[Taffs Well]], [[Cardiff]], Wales
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1945|03|17|1881|12|26|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Loudwater, Hertfordshire]], England
| nationality = British
| other_names =
| occupation = [[Cardiologist]]
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
▲'''Sir Thomas Lewis'''
| last1 = Cygankiewicz | first1 = I.
| title = Sir Thomas Lewis (1881-1945)
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Lewis remained at UCH for the rest of his life, beginning as a [[Foundation house officer|house physician]]. From 1907 he also worked at the [[Royal Naval Hospital, Greenwich]] and the [[London Chest Hospital|City of London Hospital]] and the same year he took his [[Doctor of Medicine]] (MD) degree. In 1911 he was appointed lecturer in cardiac [[pathology]] at UCH and in 1913 was promoted to assistant physician in clinical work. He was elected [[Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians]] (FRCP) in 1913.
While still a house physician, Lewis began [[physiology|physiological]] research, carrying out fundamental research on the heart, the [[pulse]] and [[blood pressure]]. From 1906, he corresponded with the Dutch physiologist [[Willem Einthoven]] concerning the latter's invention of the string galvanometer and [[electrocardiography]], and Lewis pioneered its use in clinical settings. Accordingly, Lewis is considered the "father of clinical cardiac electrophysiology". The first use of electrocardiography in clinical medicine was in 1908. In that year, Thomas Lewis and [[Arthur MacNalty]] (later the [[Chief Medical Officer (United Kingdom)|Chief Medical Officer of the United Kingdom]]) employed electrocardiography to diagnose [[heart block]].<ref>”A note on the simultaneous occurrence of sinus and ventricular rhythm in man”, Lewis T, Macnalty AS, ''J. Physiol.'' 1908 Dec 15;37(5–6):445-58</ref> In 1909, with [[Sir James Mackenzie|James MacKenzie]], Lewis founded the journal ''Heart: A Journal for the Study of the Circulation'', which he renamed ''[[Clinical Science (journal)|Clinical Science]]'' in 1933. In 1913, he published the book ''Clinical Electrocardiography'', the first treaty on electrocardiography. Lewis was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] (FRS) in 1918.<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Drury | first1 = A. N. | last2 = Grant | first2 = R. T. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1945.0012 | title = Thomas Lewis. 1881-1945 | journal = [[Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 5 | issue = 14 | pages = 179 | year = 1945 | s2cid = 72220548 }}</ref> He was promoted to full physician at UCH in 1919.
[[File:The soldier's heart and the effort syndrome Wellcome L0027240.jpg|thumb|The soldier's heart and the effort syndrome]][[File:Thomas Lewis electrocardiograph (2).jpeg|alt=Electrocardiograph, a large wooden, workbench-like machine, with metal switches on the front face|thumb|Electrocardiograph, used by Sir Thomas Lewis at University College Hospital, London, by the Cambridge Instrument Co. 1930.]]
During the [[First World War]], Lewis worked at the [[Military Heart Hospital]] in [[Hampstead]] and was appointed
After the war, Lewis established the clinical research department at UCH and continued his work on [[cardiac arrhythmia]]. In 1925 he switched his focus from cardiography to vascular reactions of the skin. In 1917 he had shown that [[capillaries]] had independent contractions and he now investigated the response of the skin to injury, leading to the 1927 monograph ''The Blood Vessels of the Human Skin and their Responses''. He was awarded the [[Royal Society]]'s [[Royal Medal]] in 1927 "for his researches on the vascular system, following upon his earlier work on the mammalian heart-beat." Next, he switched his focus to [[peripheral vascular disease]], especially [[Raynaud's disease]], and finally to the mechanism of pain, summarising his findings in ''Pain'' in 1942. His 1932 book ''Diseases of the Heart'' became a standard medical text. In 1930 he described the [[Hunting reaction]], alternating vasodilation and vasoconstriction of peripheral capillaries in cold environments.
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