Jutland: Difference between revisions

[[File:Landskabslove.png|thumb|The [[Codex Holmiensis|Code of Jutland]].]]

 

 

 

==Etymology==

 

== Geography ==

[[File:Sandy cliff beach at North Sea, Denmark 2004 ubt.jpeg|thumb|Dunes on Jutland's northwest coast.]]

=== Distinction between the Jutland peninsula and Jutland ===

The Jutland peninsula reaches from the sandbar spit of [[Grenen]] on the [[North Jutlandic Island]] in the north, to the banks of the [[Elbe]] in the south. The peninsula is also called the ''Cimbric peninsula''.

=== Maritime border ===

The Jutland [[peninsula]] is bounded by the [[North Sea]] to the west, the [[Skagerrak]] to the north, the [[Kattegat]] to the northeast, and the [[Baltic Sea]] to the southeast. The peninsula's Kattegat and Baltic coastline stretches from [[Grenen]] down to the mouth of the [[Trave]] in [[Lübeck]]-[[Travemünde]], and its Skagerrak and North Sea coastline runs from Grenen until down to the [[Geesthacht]] barrage east of [[Hamburg]], which is defined as the point where the [[Lower Elbe]] (''Unterelbe'') and the estuary of the Elbe, that are subject to the tides, begin. The part of the Baltic Sea the peninsula is bounded by is referred to as [[:da:Bælthavet]] in Danish and [[:de:Beltsee]] in German, a designation deriving from the [[Great Belt|Great]], [[Little Belt|Little]], and [[Fehmarn Belt|Fehmarn]] belts, while the Baltic Sea as a whole is called ''Østersøen'' and ''Ostsee'', respectively.

=== Land border ===

{{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |perrow=2 |total_width=210 |header=The peninsula's land border

 

[[Travemünde]]→[[Trave]]→[[Wakenitz]]→[[Ratzeburger See]]→Kleiner Küchensee→Großer Küchensee→Schaalsee canal→Salemer See→Pipersee→Phulsee→[[Schaalsee]]→[[Schaale]]→[[Sude (river)|Sude]]→[[Elbe]] at [[Boizenburg]]→beginning of the estuary of the Elbe at the [[Geesthacht]] barrage

=== Subregions (from south to north) ===

==== Lauenburg ====

}}

Lauenburg is the southeasternmost area of [[Schleswig-Holstein]]. It exists administratively as the district of [[Herzogtum Lauenburg]] (''Duchy of Lauenburg''), the surface of which is equal to the territory of the former [[Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg]], which historically did not belong to Holstein. The Duchy of Lauenburg existed since 1296, and when it was absorbed by the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] and became part of the Prussian [[Province of Schleswig-Holstein]] in 1876, the new district was allowed to keep the name "duchy" in its name as a reminiscence to its ducal past, and today it is the only district in Germany with such a designation. The region is named for its former capital, the town of [[Lauenburg|Lauenburg on the Elbe]], but its seat is now at [[Ratzeburg]]. Lauenburg is crossed by the [[Elbe–Lübeck Canal]], that connects the Elbe at Lauenburg to the Baltic at Lübeck, and there are over 50 lakes in the area, many of which are part of the [[Lauenburg Lakes Nature Park]].

==== Hamburg ====

Hamburg is its own city-state and does not belong to Schleswig-Holstein. The north[[Elbe|elbish]] districts of [[Hamburg]] that are on the Jutland peninsula are historically part of the region of [[Stormarn (gau)|Stormarn]]. The former border rivers of Stormarn are the [[Stör]] and [[Krückau]] in the northwest, the [[Trave]] and [[Bille (Elbe)|Bille]] in the east, and the [[Elbe]] in the south. There exists also a [[Stormarn (district)|district of Stormarn]] northeast of Hamburg in Schleswig-Holstein. But this district does not cover the entire area of the historic region of Stormarn, and while those parts of Stormarn now lying in Schleswig-Holstein are nowadays considered parts of Holstein, the areas of Stormarn today in the city-state of Hamburg, are not.

==== Holstein ====

{{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |perrow=2 |total_width=210

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The bulk of the southernmost areas of the Jutland peninsula belongs to [[Holstein]], stretching from the Elbe in the south to the [[Eider (river)|Eider]] in the north. Subregions of Holstein are [[Dithmarschen]] on the North Sea side, [[Stormarn (gau)|Stormarn]] at the centre, and [[Wagria]] on the Baltic side. There is an area in Holstein called [[Holstein Switzerland]] because of its comparable higher hills. The largest amount of lakes on the Jutland peninsula can be found in Holstein, the ten largest lakes being the [[Großer Plöner See]] (which is also the largest lake on the whole Jutland peninsula), [[Selenter See]], [[Kellersee]], [[Dieksee]], [[Lanker See]], [[Behler See]], [[Postsee]], [[Kleiner Plöner See]], [[Großer Eutiner See]], and the Stocksee. One of the world's most frequented artificial waterways, the [[Kiel Canal]], runs through the Jutland peninsula in Holstein, connecting the North Sea at [[Brunsbüttel]] to the Baltic at [[Kiel]]-[[Holtenau]]. The [[Eider (river)|Eider]] is the longest river of the Jutland peninsula. Holstein is one of the most populated subregions of the Jutland peninsula because of the densely populated area around Hamburg, which in large parts lies in Holstein.

==== Southern Schleswig ====

[[File:Danewerk Landenge.png|thumb|Course of the [[Danevirke]] through Southern Schleswig.]]

Between the [[Eider (river)|Eider]] and the Danish-German border stretches [[Southern Schleswig]]. Notable subregions of Southern Schleswig are the peninsula of [[Eiderstedt]] and [[North Frisia]] on the North Sea side, and the peninsulas of [[Danish Wahld]], [[Schwansen]], and [[Anglia (peninsula)|Anglia]] on the Baltic side. There is a considerable North Frisian minority in [[North Frisia]], and [[North Frisian language|North Frisian]] is an official language in the region. In [[Anglia (peninsula)|Anglia]] and [[Schwansen]] on the other hand, there exist indigenous Danish minorities, with Danish being the second official language there. The [[Danish Wahld]] once formed a border forest between Danish and Saxon settlements. A system of Danish fortifications, the [[Danevirke]], runs through Southern Schleswig, overcoming the drainage divide between Baltic ([[Schlei]]) and North Sea ([[Rheider Au]]). At the Baltic end of the Danevirke is [[Hedeby]], a former important Viking town.

==== Southern Jutland (''Sønderjylland'') ====

Between the Danish-German border and the [[Kongeå]] lies Southern Jutland (the [[South Jutland County]]), historically also known as Northern Schleswig. Northern and Southern Schleswig once formed the territory of the former [[Duchy of Schleswig]]. The region is called ''Sønderjyllands Amt'' in Danish, and it is regarded as the northern part of ''Sønderjylland'', which refers to the combined territory of Northern and Southern Schleswig.

==== Northern Jutland (''Nørrejylland'') ====

[[File:Lake Julsø from Himmelbjerget 2017-08-19 1.jpg|thumb|View over the Julsø in the [[Søhøjlandet]] from [[Himmelbjerget]].]]

[[Northern Jutland]] is the region between the [[Kongeå]] and Jutland's northernmost point, the [[Grenen]] spit. In Danish, it is called ''Nørrejylland'', and also encompasses the [[North Jutlandic Island]] (Danish: ''Nørrejyske Ø'' or ''Vendsyssel-Thy''). Northern Jutland is traditionally subdivided into South Jutland (''Sydjylland''), West Jutland (''Vestjylland''), East Jutland (''Østjylland''), and North Jutland (''Nordjylland''). More recent is the designation Central Jutland (''Midtjylland'') for parts of traditionally West and East Jutish areas. Subregions of Northern Jutland include the peninsulas of [[Djursland]] with [[Mols]], and [[Salling]]. Also in Northern Jutland is the [[Søhøjlandet]], which is the highest elevated Danish region, and at the same time, the region with the highest density of lakes in Denmark. Denmark's longest river, the [[Gudenå]], flows through Northern Jutland.

===== South Jutland (''Sydjylland'') =====

South Jutland (''Sydjylland'') is the southernmost part of Northern Jutland. It is not to be confused with Southern Jutland (''Sønderjylland''), which is adjacent to South Jutland in the south. South Jutland stretches between ''Sønderjylland'' in the south, and the border between the two administrative regions of [[Region of Southern Denmark|Southern Denmark]] and [[Central Jutland Region|Central Jutland]] in the north.

===== West Jutland (''Vestjylland'') =====

West Jutland (''Vestjylland'') is the central western part of Northern Jutland. It lies between [[Blåvandshuk]] in the south, and the [[Nissum Bredning]] in the north. It is north of South Jutland and west of East Jutland.

===== East Jutland (''Østjylland'') =====

East Jutland (''Østjylland'') is the central eastern part of Northern Jutland. It lies between [[Skærbæk, Fredericia Municipality|Skærbæk]] on the [[Kolding Fjord]] in the south, and the end of the [[Mariager Fjord]] in the north. [[Aarhus]], the largest city completely on the Jutland peninsula, is in East Jutland.

===== Central Jutland (''Midtjylland'') =====

The concept of Central Jutland (''Midtjylland'') is of recent date, since a few decades ago it was usual to divide Northern Jutland into the traditional East and West Jutland (in addition to North and South Jutland), only. However, the term has been used in and around [[Viborg, Denmark|Viborg]], so that the people of Viborg could differentiate themselves from the populations to the east and west. The majority of what is today called Central Jutland is actually the traditional West Jutish culture and dialect area, i.e. [[Herning]], [[Skive, Denmark|Skive]], [[Ikast]], and [[Brande]]. By contrast, [[Silkeborg]] and the other areas east of the Jutish ridge are traditionally part of the East Jutish cultural area. A new meaning of Central Jutland is the entire area between North and South Jutland, corresponding roughly to the [[Central Jutland Region]].

===== North Jutland (''Nordjylland'') =====

{{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |perrow=2 |total_width=210

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While the term Northern Jutland (Danish: ''Nørrejylland'') refers to the whole region between [[Kongeå]] and [[Grenen]], North Jutland (Danish: ''Nordjylland'') only refers to the northernmost part of Northern Jutland, and encompasses the largest part of [[Himmerland]], the northernmost part of Crown Jutland (''Kronjylland''), the island of [[Mors (island)|Mors]] (''Morsø''), and Jutland north of the [[Limfjord]] (the [[North Jutlandic Island]], which is subdivided into the regions of [[Thy (district)|Thy]], [[Hanherred]], and [[Vendsyssel]], the northernmost region of Jutland and Denmark). ''Nordjylland'' is congruent with the [[North Jutland Region]] (''Region Nordjylland'').

==== Offshore Islands ====

The largest Kattegat and Baltic islands off Jutland are [[Funen]], [[Als (island)|Als]], [[Læsø]], [[Samsø]], and [[Anholt (Denmark)|Anholt]] in Denmark, as well as [[Fehmarn]] in Germany.

* the [[Central Jutland Region]] (''Region Midtjylland'')

* the [[North Jutland Region]] (''Region Nordjylland'')<ref>{{cite web|title=Region Nordjylland|url=http://www.rn.dk/Service/English|access-date=22 March 2015}}</ref>

==== Largest cities ====

[[File:Aarhus rooftops from ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum, 2017-04-12.jpg|thumb|[[Aarhus]] is the largest city completely on the Jutland peninsula and the second-largest city in Denmark.]]

#[[Esbjerg]] 71,921

#[[Randers]] 64,057

===== Largest cities in the Danish part =====

[[File:Aalborg 2010 - 100 ubt.JPG|thumb|[[Aalborg]] is the largest city in North Jutland. It is the fourth-largest city of Denmark and the northernmost large Danish city. It is on the mainland side of the [[Limfjord]], opposite the town of [[Nørresundby]] in [[Vendsyssel]].]]

#[[Fredericia]] 41,243

[[Aarhus]], [[Silkeborg]], [[Billund, Denmark|Billund]], [[Randers]], [[Kolding]], [[Horsens]], [[Vejle]], [[Fredericia]] and [[Haderslev]], along with a number of smaller towns, make up the suggested [[East Jutland metropolitan area]], which is more densely populated than the rest of Jutland, although far from forming one consistent city.

===== Largest cities in the German part =====

[[File:Hamburg Subdivisions.svg|thumb|The [[Hamburg]] boroughs north of the [[Elbe]] are on the Jutland peninsula.]]

1. [[Hamburg]] (boroughs north of the [[Elbe]]) 1,667,035

* [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]] 280,034, [[Bergedorf]] 132,901, [[Eimsbüttel]] 274,901, [[Hamburg-Nord]] 322,564, [[Wandsbek]] 453,086, and the quarters of [[Hamburg-Mitte]] north of the Elbe:

2. [[Kiel]] 247,717<br>

3. [[Lübeck]] 218,095<br>

 

[[File:Frederik Vermehren - A Jutland Sheperd on the Moors - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Until the late 19th century, West Jutland was marked by vast moors covered with heather, a small population and low-intensive agriculture. (Frederik Vermehren: A Jutish shepherd on the moors, 1855)]]

 

Blicher was of Jutish origin and, soon after his pioneering work, many other writers followed with stories and tales set in Jutland and written in the homestead dialect. Many of these writers are often referred to as the [[Jutland Movement]], artistically connected through their engagement with public [[social realism]] of the Jutland region. [[Danish Golden Age|The Golden Age painters]] also found inspiration and motives in the natural beauty of Jutland, including [[P. C. Skovgaard]], [[Dankvart Dreyer]], and art collective of the [[Skagen Painters]]. Writer [[Evald Tang Kristensen]] (1843-1929) collected and published extensive accounts on the local rural Jutlandic [[folklore]] through many interviews and travels across the peninsula, including songs, legends, sayings and everyday life.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}