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Line 1: {{Short description\|Peer-reviewed scholarly periodical}} [[File:Vitoria-University-Library-food-science-journals-4489.jpg\|alt=\|thumb\|upright=1.3\|There are different types of peer-reviewed research journals; these specific publications are about ~~environment....~~[[food science]].]] An '''academic journal''' or '''scholarly journal''' is a [[periodical publication]] in which [[Scholarly method\|scholarship]] relating to a particular [[academic discipline]] is published. They serve as permanent and transparent forums for the presentation, scrutiny, and discussion of [[research]]. They nearly universally require [[peer review]] for [[Research Article\|research articles]] or other scrutiny from contemporaries competent and established in their respective fields.<ref>{{cite book \|author1=Gary Blake \|url=https://archive.org/details/elementsoftechni0000blak \|title=The Elements of Technical Writing \|author2=Robert W. Bly \|publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers (United States)\|Macmillan Publishers]] \|year=1993 \|isbn=978-0-02-013085-7 \|page=113 \|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Monavarian \|first=Morteza \|date=2021-03-01 \|title=Basics of scientific and technical writing \|journal=MRS Bulletin \|language=en \|volume=46 \|issue=3 \|pages=284–286 \|doi=10.1557/s43577-021-00070-y \|bibcode=2021MRSBu..46..284M \|s2cid=233798866 \|issn=1938-1425\|doi-access=free }}</ref> Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process used to evaluate the environmental effects of a proposed project or development, considering both the positive and negative impacts on the environment, as well as social and economic aspects. The purpose of an EIA is to ensure that decision-makers consider environmental concerns before approving a project. It's commonly required for large construction, industrial, and infrastructural projects. == Concept == {{See also\|Medical journal\|Law review}} Content ~~typically~~usually takes the form of articles presenting [[original research]], [[review article]]s, or [[Academic journal#Book reviews\|book reviews]]. The purpose of an academic journal, according to [[Henry Oldenburg]] (the first editor of ''[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society]]''), is to give researchers a venue to "impart their knowledge to one another, and contribute what they can to the Grand design of improving natural knowledge, and perfecting all Philosophical Arts, and Sciences."<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2019-02-12 \|title=Royal Society journal archive made permanently free to access \|publisher=The Royal Society \|url=https://royalsociety.org/news/2011/Royal-Society-journal-archive-made-permanently-free-to-access/ \|access-date=2023-04-30 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212195825/https://royalsociety.org/news/2011/Royal-Society-journal-archive-made-permanently-free-to-access/ \|archive-date=2019-02-12 }}</ref> The term ''academic journal'' applies to scholarly publications in all fields; this article discusses the aspects common to all academic field journals. [[Scientific journal]]s and journals of the [[quantitative research\|quantitative]] [[social sciences]] vary in form and function from journals of the [[humanities]] and [[qualitative research\|qualitative]] social sciences; their specific aspects are separately discussed.