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Wilmot-Horton was a [[Canningite]] supporter of [[free trade]] and [[Catholic emancipation]] among the [[Tory (political faction)|Tories]].<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=13827|title=Horton, Sir Robert John Wilmot-|first=Eric|last=Richards}}</ref> He sat as a [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Newcastle-under-Lyme (UK Parliament constituency)|Newcastle-under-Lyme]] from 1818 until 1830.<ref>[http://www.leighrayment.com/commons/Ncommons1.htm leighrayment.com House of Commons: Na H-Eileanan An Iar to Newport]</ref> He served under the [[Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool|Earl of Liverpool]], [[George Canning]] and [[Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich|Lord Goderich]] as [[Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies]] from 1821 to 1827 and was sworn of the [[Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council|Privy Council]] in 1827. He reorganised the Colonial Office, including dividing the Empire into areas with a senior clerk responsible for administering each area.
[[File:Robert_Wilmot_Horton.jpg|thumb|left]]
Wilmot-Horton's [[aide-de-camp]] at the Colonial Office was his friend [[Thomas Moody (1779-1849)|Thomas Moody, Kt.]], with whom he maintained an extensive correspondence throughout his life.<ref name="Emancipation">{{cite book|last1=Hall|first1=Catherine|last2=Draper|first2=Nicholas|last3=McClelland|first3=Keith|title=Emancipation and the Remaking of the British Imperial World|date=1 November 2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> Wilmot-Horton forwarded one of Moody's reports on the West Indies to Canning in 1824,<ref name="Emancipation"/> and subsequently advocated the contentions expressed in Moody's reports, to the Parliamentary Commission on West Indian Slavery, between 1825 and 1828.<ref name="Rupprecht">{{cite journal|last1=Rupprecht|first1=Anita|date=September 2012|title='When he gets among his countrymen,they tell him that he is free': Slave Trade Abolition, Indentured Africans and a Royal Commission|journal=Slavery & Abolition|volume=33 |issue=3 |pages= 435–455|doi= 10.1080/0144039X.2012.668300|s2cid=144301729}}</ref> Wilmot Horton and [[Thomas Hyde Villiers|Thomas Hyde Villiers MP]] also wrote articles - under the pseudonym 'Vindex', which Moody had also used - to the Star newspaper, in which they refuted the objections that others had made to Moody's philosophy and defended Moody.<ref name="Lamont"/> Moody performed special service in the Dutch Colonies of the West Indies for Wilmot Horton between 1828 and 1829.<ref name="Lamont">{{cite web|url=http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30676/1/SP%20Lamont%20thesis%20-%20electronic%20version.pdf|title=Robert Wilmot Horton and Liberal Toryism|author=Lamont, Stephen Peter|publisher=University of Nottingham|year=2015}}</ref> Moody named one of his sons, Wilmot Horton Moody, after Wilmot-Horton.<ref name="Will of Major Thomas Moody, UCL">{{cite web|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/person/view/6650|title=The Will of Major Thomas Moody, PROB 11/2101, Codicil of 09/01/1843; The Carlisle Patriot 22/09/1849, accessed via Legacies of British Slave-Ownership: Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Moody: Profile and Legacies Summary|publisher=University College London|
Wilmot-Horton is best remembered for advocating that poor British and Irish families should be allowed to emigrate to the colonies and be granted land there, and was mainly responsible in securing two parliamentary grants in 1823 and 1825 to fund an experiment where poor Irish families settled in Canada. He managed to establish a parliamentary committee on emigration and served as its chairman between 1826 and 1827. In this position he pushed for a plan where so called paupers gave up their rights to parish maintenance in return for grants of land in the colonies. However, the plans were dropped after Wilmot-Horton left the Colonial Office in 1827.<ref name="ADB"/>
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