Etrog: Difference between revisions

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The [[Romanization of Hebrew|romanization]] of the Hebrew word as ''etrog'' according to the [[Sephardic]] pronunciation is widely used. The [[Ashkenazi Hebrew]] pronunciation is ''esrog'' or ''esrig''. It has been [[transliterated]] as ''ethrog'' or ''ethrogh'' in scholarly work.<ref>[http://lib.ucr.edu/agnic/webber/Vol1/Chapter4.html#acid The Citrus Industry] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308005736/http://lib.ucr.edu/agnic/webber/Vol1/Chapter4.html#acid |date=March 8, 2008 }}</ref> The Hebrew word is thought to derive from the [[Persian language|Persian]] name for the fruit, ''turunj'' ({{lang|fa|ترنج}}), likely borrowed via [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jerusalem Dig Uncovers Earliest Evidence of Local Cultivation of Etrogs |language=en |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2012-02-02/ty-article/jerusalem-dig-uncovers-earliest-evidence-of-local-cultivation-of-etrogs/0000017f-e3c2-d568-ad7f-f3ebc5440000 |access-date=2022-10-10}}</ref>
 
The Arabic word ''utroj'' or ''etroj'' (or etrog in [[Egyptian Arabic]]) أُتْرُجِّ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC&oldid=52187844|title=أترج|date=December 30, 2020|via=Wikipedia}}</ref> means ''[[Citrus medica|]]''Citrus medica'']].
 
==Taxonomy==
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[[File:Citron Balady Etrog Simanim.jpg|thumb|left|Cross section of the Balady citron showing the signs for purity.]]
 
The citron varieties traditionally used as ''etrog'' are the [[Diamante citron]] from Italy, the [[Greek citron]], the [[Balady citron]] from Israel, the [[Moroccan citron|Moroccan]] and [[Yemenite citron]]<nowiki/>s.
 
A general DNA study was conducted by Eliezer E. Goldschmidt and colleagues which tested and positively identified twelve famous [[accession number (bioinformatics)|accessions]] of citron for purity and being genetically related.<ref>[http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/40/7/1963.full.pdf+html Search Authentic Citron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126201137/http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/40/7/1963.full.pdf+html |date=2019-01-26 }}