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==Use==
[[File:Using Insulated Shipping Containers and Validated Packing Protocols technical-3.theora.ogv|thumbnail|left|[[United States Army Medical Materiel Agency]] video showing how containers are packed to maintain constant cold temperatures.]]
Insulated shipping containers are part of a comprehensive cold chain which controls and documents the temperature of a product through its entire distribution cycle. The containers may be used with a refrigerant or coolant such as:<ref>{{cite journal |last=Matsunaga |first= K|author2=Burgess, Lockhart |date=March 2007 |title=Two methods for calculating the amount of refrigerant required for cyclic temperature testing of insulated packages |journal=Packaging Technology and Science |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=113–123 |doi=10.1002/pts.747 |s2cid= 135844034}}</ref>
* block or cube [[ice]], [[slurry ice]]
* [[dry ice]]
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==Design and evaluation==
The use of “off the shelf” insulated shipping containers does not necessarily guarantee proper performance. Several factors need to be considered:<ref>{{cite journal |last=Choi |first= Seung-Jin|author2=Burgess |date=November 2007 |title=Practical mathematical model to predict the performance of insulating packages|journal=Packaging Technology and Science |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=369–380 |doi=10.1002/pts.762 |s2cid= 136558384}}</ref>
* the sensitivity of the product to temperatures (high and low) and to time at temperatures
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| pages =227–237
| doi =10.1002/pts.2500
| doi-access =free}}</ref>▼
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| pages = 25–35
| doi = 10.1002/pts.773
| s2cid = 14036303
| access-date = 9 Oct 2018
}}</ref> In addition, [[Verification and Validation|validation]] of field performance (performance qualification) is extremely useful.
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