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After the death of Fatahillah, there was no other appropriate candidate for king. The throne fell to the great grandson of Gunungjati, Pangeran Mas, the son of the late Prince Suwarga, grandson of Gunungjati. Pangeran Mas then held the title Panembahan Ratu I and ruled for more than 79 years. During his rule, he paid more attention to strengthening religious affairs and spreading Islam. As the centre of Islamic learning in the region, Cirebon's influence penetrated inland and influenced the recently established [[Mataram Sultanate]] in southern Central Java. However, since the king was more interested to become an [[ulama]], Cirebon failed to recruit Mataram into its sphere of power, and Mataram grew more powerful ever since.
By the 17th century Mataram rose to be a regional power under [[Sultan Agung of Mataram|Sultan Agung]]'s reign. Around 1617 Agung launched his westward campaign targeted against Dutch settlements in [[History of Jakarta|Batavia]], and rallied his massive troops near Cirebon's border. Agung urged the aged Panembahan Ratu to be his ally in his campaign to expel the Europeans out of Java. By doing so Cirebon become Mataram's ally, and
The realm of the Sultanate of Cirebon at that time included [[Indramayu Regency|Indramayu]], [[Majalengka Regency|Majalengka]], [[Kuningan Regency|Kuningan]], and the modern [[Cirebon Regency]]. Although officially Cirebon was still an independent and sovereign state, in practice Cirebon fell within Mataram's sphere of influence. The Mataram rule upon the aforementioned region exposed the Sundanese people to Javanese cultures. When Panembahan Ratu died in 1649 he was succeeded by his grandson, Panembahan Girilaya.
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