Content deleted Content added
Geography: one image per section
ce
Line 263:
 
[[File:Missing Men of Krusha e Madhe (Burrat e Krushes se Madhe).jpg|thumb|[[Kosovo Albanians|Kosovar Albanian]] soldiers holding pictures in memory of the men who were killed or went missing in the [[Krusha massacres]]]]
[[File:Bllace refugee camp.jpg|thumb|Photograph of Kosovo Albanian refugees during the Kosovo War (1999), presented also as evidence at the trial of theSlobodan war criminal andMilošević, the president of Serbia at thatthe time, Slobodan Milosevic]].
During the conflict, between 848,000-863,000 ethnic Albanians fled or were forcefully driven from Kosovo and an additional 590,000 were internally displaced.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Kosovo Report |url=https://www.law.umich.edu/facultyhome/drwcasebook/Documents/Documents/The%20Kosovo%20Report%20and%20Update.pdf |website=law.umich.edu |publisher=United Nations |page=43 |date=2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jenne |first1=Erin K. |title=Barriers to Reintegration after Ethnic Civil Wars: Lessons from Minority Returns and Restitution in the Balkans |journal=Civil Wars |date=2010 |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=382 |doi=10.1080/13698249.2010.534622 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232967037}}</ref> Some sources claim that this [[ethnic cleansing]] of native Albanians was part of a plan known as [[Operation Horseshoe]], also referred todescribed as "Milosevic's final solution to the Kosovo problem."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lambeth |first1=Benjamin S. |url=https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1365/RAND_MR1365.pdf |title=NATO's Air War for Kosovo: A Strategic and Operational Assessment |date=2001 |publisher=RAND Corporation |isbn=0-8330-3050-7 |page=9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2000 |title=KOSOVO: THE MILITARY CAMPAIGN |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199900/cmselect/cmfaff/28/2811.htm |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=[[Parliament of the United Kingdom]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Freedman |first1=Lawrence |date=2000 |title=Victims and victors: reflections on the Kosovo War |url=https://library.fes.de/libalt/journals/swetsfulltext/8671289.pdf |journal=Review of International Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |page=351|doi=10.1017/S0260210500003351 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Beaumont |first1=Peter |last2=Wintour |first2=Patrick |last3=Hooper |first3=John |last4=Beaumont |first4=By Peter |last5=Bird |first5=Patrick Wintour with reporting by Chris |date=1999-07-17 |title=Milosevic and Operation Horseshoe |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/jul/18/balkans8 |access-date=2024-08-03 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> AlthoughHowever, the existence and implementation of thissuch operationa haveplan has not yet been proven,.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wolfgram |first=Mark |title=Democracy and Propaganda: NATO's War in Kosovo |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0267323108089220 |doi=10.1177/0267323108089220 |s2cid=143132309 |access-date=28 November 2021 |journal=European Journal of Communication|date=June 2008 |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=153–171 }}</ref><ref name="Greenhill">{{cite book |last1=Greenhill |first1=Kelly M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dpPHnMur3y4C&pg=PA133 |title=Weapons of Mass Migration: Forced Displacement, Coercion, and Foreign Policy |date=2011 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=9780801457425 |pages=132–133}}</ref> it closely describes the situation with the victims and refugees in neighboring countries.
 
In 1999 more than 11,000 deaths were reported to the office of the [[International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia]] prosecutor [[Carla Del Ponte]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/514828.stm |title=World: Europe UN gives figure for Kosovo dead |work=BBC News |date=10 November 1999 |access-date=5 January 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420192736/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/514828.stm |archive-date=20 April 2010}}</ref> {{As of|2010}}, some 3,000 people were still missing, including 2,500 Albanians, 400 Serbs and 100 [[Romani people|Roma]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/781310.stm |title=3,000 missing in Kosovo |author=KiM Info-Service |date=7 June 2000 |work=BBC News |access-date=5 January 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420192727/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/781310.stm |archive-date=20 April 2010}}</ref> By June, Milošević agreed to a foreign military presence in Kosovo and the withdrawal of his troops. During the [[Kosovo War]], over 90,000 Serbian and other non-Albanian refugees fled the province. In the days after the Yugoslav Army withdrew, over 80,000 Serb and other non-Albanian civilians (almost half of 200,000 estimated to live in Kosovo) were expelled from Kosovo, and many of the remaining civilians were victims of abuse.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/kosov2/|title=Abuses against Serbs and Roma in the new Kosovo|date=August 1999|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015122541/http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/kosov2/|archive-date=15 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wkQ3I6GyClEC&pg=PA29|title=After Yugoslavia: Identities and Politics Within the Successor States|date=2012|page=30|isbn=9780230201316|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101051745/https://books.google.com/books?id=wkQ3I6GyClEC&pg=PA29|archive-date=1 January 2016|last1=Hudson|first1=Robert|last2=Bowman|first2=Glenn|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/3ae6b80f2c.html|title=Kosovo Crisis Update|date=4 August 1999|publisher=[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|UNHCR]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016002408/http://www.unhcr.org/3ae6b80f2c.html|archive-date=16 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osce.org/odihr/21342?download=true|title=Forced Expulsion of Kosovo Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians from OSCE Participated state to Kosovo|date=6 October 2006|publisher=[[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126062302/http://www.osce.org/odihr/21342?download=true|archive-date=26 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="Wills">{{cite book|author=Siobhán Wills|title=Protecting Civilians: The Obligations of Peacekeepers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QoqQ7kBrlSAC&pg=PA219|access-date=24 February 2013|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-953387-9|page=219|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606104524/http://books.google.com/books?id=QoqQ7kBrlSAC&pg=PA219|archive-date=6 June 2013}}</ref> After the Kosovo and other [[Yugoslav Wars]], Serbia became home to the highest number of refugees and [[Internally displaced person|IDPs]] (including Kosovo Serbs) in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/society.php?yyyy=2011&mm=06&dd=20&nav_id=75016|title=Serbia home to highest number of refugees and IDPs in Europe|date=20 June 2010|publisher=[[B92]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326082532/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/society.php?yyyy=2011&mm=06&dd=20&nav_id=75016|archive-date=26 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osce.org/serbia/24323?download=true|title=Serbia: Europe's largest proctracted refugee situation|date=2008|publisher=[[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326082139/http://www.osce.org/serbia/24323?download=true|archive-date=26 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=el-YZHB8hzYC&pg=PP1|title=Shaping South East Europe's Security Community for the Twenty-First Century: Trust, Partnership, Integration|date=2013|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|page=169|editor1-first=Sharyl|editor1-last=Cross|editor2-first=Savo|editor2-last=Kentera|editor3-first=R. Craig|editor3-last=Nation|editor4-first=Radovan|editor4-last=Vukadinović|isbn=9781137010209|access-date=31 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326082403/https://books.google.rs/books?id=el-YZHB8hzYC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1|archive-date=26 March 2017}}</ref>