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===Iran===
{{main|Iran-Afghanistan relations}}
Both nations being [[Islamic Republics]], Afghanistan
Western Afghanistan and Iran were both collectively part of the [[Persian Empire]] until 1709 when Afghanistan fought for independence from [[Esfahan]], under the leadership of [[Mir Wais Hotak]]. The two are considered by some to be part of "Greater Persia
Following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
Following the emergence of the Taliban and their harsh treatment of Afghanistan's Shi'a minority, Iran stepped up assistance to the [[Afghan Northern Alliance|Northern Alliance]]. Relations with the Taliban deteriorated further in 1998 after Taliban forces seized the Iranian consulate in [[Mazari Sharif]] and executed Iranian diplomats, who were
Since 2001, the new government has engaged in cordial relations with both Iran and the United States, even as relations between Iran and the United States have grown strained due to American objections to Iran's [[Nuclear programme of Iran|nuclear program]]. Relations in recent years grew further since Iran began providing aid for Afghanistan's infrastructure, and President Hamid Karzai vowed to stand by his ally, Ahmadinejad.
===Pakistan===
{{main|Afghanistan-Pakistan relations}}
[[Image:Afghanmap1893.JPG|thumb|Afghanistan before the [[Durand Line
Three areas ([[North-West Frontier Province|NWFP]], [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas|FATA]] and [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]]) have long complicated Afghanistan's relations with [[Foreign relations of Pakistan|Pakistan]]. Controversies involving these areas date back to the establishment of the [[Durand Line]] in 1893 dividing [[Pashtun]] and [[Baluch]] tribes living both Afghanistan and north-western [[British India]] at the time. From those living in what later became Pakistan in 1947. Afghanistan vigorously protested the inclusion of Pashtun and Baluch areas within Pakistan without providing the inhabitants with an opportunity for self-determination. Since 1947, this so-called problem of theirs has led to incidents along the [[International border]], with extensive disruption of normal trade patterns. The most serious crisis lasted from September 1961 to June 1963, when diplomatic, trade, transit, and consular relations between the countries were suspended by the Pakistanis.
The 1978 Marxist coup further strained relations between the two countries. Pakistan took the lead diplomatically in the [[United Nations]], the [[Non-Aligned Movement]], and the [[Organization of the Islamic Conference]] in opposing the Soviet occupation. During the war against the Soviet occupation, Pakistan served as the primary logistical conduit for the Afghan resistance. Pakistan, aided by [[UN]] agencies, private groups, and many friendly countries, still continues to provide refuge to several million Afghans by nationality.[[Image:Torkham gate, Afghan, Pakistan border.jpg|thumb|left
Pakistan developed close ties to the Taliban regime since 1996, which it believed would offer [[strategic depth]] in any future conflict with India, and extended recognition in 1997. Following the 2001 invasion and overthrow of the Taliban, Pakistan recognized the transitional administration led by Hamid Karzai and offered significant amounts of aid for reconstruction. It also continued to host approximately 1.5 million [[Afghan refugees]] and facilitate them living in Pakistan. As of 2006, Afghan-Pakistani relations continue to fluctuate due to continued controversy over the Durand Line and Afghanistan's close relationship with India.
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===Russia===
{{main|Afghanistan-Russia relations}}
Afghanistan–Russia relations is the relationships between the two countries, [[Afghanistan]] and [[Russia]]. Relations were contentious when [[Soviet invasion of Afghanistan|the latter invaded the former]] in 1979, causing many of Afghanistan's [[Islamic World|Muslim]] allies to act fast and the two nations fought a bitter ten-year war, eventually ending in the withdrawal of the Communist forces. Russo-Afghan relations improved in the years following the end of conflict.
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===United States===
{{main|United States-Afghanistan relations}}
[[Image:JosiahHarlan.png|thumb
Relations with the United States can be traced back to over 150 years, to the early 1800s, when the first recorded person from [[United States|America]] was visiting [[Afghanistan]].<ref name=pabook> [http://www.pabook.libraries.psu.edu/LitMap/bios/Harlan__Josiah.html Biography of Josia Harlan]</ref>
In the 1940s, the United States established its first official embassy in [[Kabul]]. The first [[United States Ambassador to Afghanistan|U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan]] was Cornelius Van Engert. The first official Afghanistan Ambassador to the United States was [[Habibullah Khan Tarzi]] who served from 1948 to 1953.
Since the 1950s the U.S. extended an economic assistance program focused on the development of Afghanistan's physical infrastructure which included roads, dams, and power plants. Later, U.S. aid shifted from infrastructure projects to technical assistance programs to help develop the skills needed to build a modern economy. [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] visited Kabul in December 1959, becoming the first [[U.S. President]] to travel to Afghanistan. The [[Peace Corps]] was active in Afghanistan between 1962 and 1979. During the early 1960s former King of Afghanistan, Zahir Shah, visited the United States and met with [[John F. Kennedy]].[[Image:GW Bush and Hamid Karzai in Kabul 2006-03-01.jpg|left|thumb|Former US President [[George W. Bush]] and Afghan President [[Hamid Karzai]] in [[Kabul]], [[Afghanistan]] on [[March 1]], [[2006]].]]
After the April 1978 coup, relations deteriorated. In February 1979, U.S. Ambassador [[Adolph Dubs|Adolph "Spike" Dubs]] was murdered in Kabul after security forces burst in on his kidnappers. The U.S. then reduced bilateral assistance and terminated a small military training program. All remaining assistance agreements were ended after the [[Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]].
Following the Soviet invasion, the United States supported diplomatic efforts to achieve a Soviet withdrawal. In addition, generous U.S. contributions to the refugee program in Pakistan played a major part in efforts to assist Afghans in need. U.S. efforts also included helping Afghans living inside Afghanistan. This cross-border [[humanitarian assistance]] program aimed at increasing Afghan self-sufficiency and helping Afghans resist Soviet attempts to drive civilians out of the rebel-dominated countryside. During the period of Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, the U.S. provided about 3 billion [[US dollars]] in military and economic assistance to the Afghan [[Mujahideen]]s.
Following the [[September 11 attacks]], the United States launched an attack on the [[Taliban]] government as part of [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]. Following the overthrow of the Taliban, the U.S. supported the new [[Politics of Afghanistan|government of Afghanistan]] and continues to station thousands of [[War in Afghanistan (2001-present)|U.S. troops in the country]]. Their aim is to help the new government of President [[Hamid Karzai]] establish authority all across Afghanistan and hunt down [[Taliban insurgency|insurgent]]s that are launching attacks.
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