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In specifying an insulated shipping container, the two primary characteristics of the material are its [[thermal conductivity]] or [[R-value (insulation)|R-value]], and its thickness. These two attributes will help determine the resistance to heat transfer from the ambient environment into the payload space. The coolant material load temperature, quantity, [[latent heat]], and [[sensible heat]] will help determine the amount of heat the parcel can absorb while maintaining the desired control temperature. Combining the attributes from the insulator and coolant will allow analysis of expected duration of the insulated shipping container system.
It is wise (and sometimes mandatory) to have formal [[Verification and validation|verification]] of the performance of the insulated shipping container. Laboratory [[package testing]] might include [[ASTM]] D3103-07, Standard Test Method for Thermal Insulation Performance of Packages, ISTA Guide 5B: Focused Simulation Guide for Thermal Performance Testing of Temperature Controlled Transport Packaging, and others.<ref> {{cite journal
| last = Singh
| first = S P
| last2 = Burgess, Singh
| date = 2008
| title = Performance Comparison of Thermal
Insulated Packaging Boxes, Bags and
Refrigerants for Single-parcel Shipments
| url = https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,24&qsp=6&q=gel+pack+packaging&httpsredir=1&article=1043&context=it_fac
| journal =Packaging Technology and Science
| volume = 21
| issue =
| pages = 25-35
| doi =
| access-date = 18 Dec 2017
}}</ref> In addition, [[Verification and Validation|validation]] of field performance (performance qualification) is extremely useful.
Specialists in design and testing of packaging for temperature sensitive products are often needed. These may be consultants, independent laboratories, universities, or reputable vendors. Many laboratories have certifications and accreditations: [[ISO 9000]]s, [[ISO/IEC 17025]], etc.
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