View source for Fürstlich Sächsischer Hofbuchdruckerei zu Altenburg

{{Infobox publisher
| name         = Fürstlich Sächsischer Hofbuchdruckerei<br />{{small|(1594–1709)}}
| image        =
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| founded      = 1594
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| successor    = {{Indented plainlist|
* Fürstl[ich]. Sächs[ischer].
* Druckerey zu [[Torgau]] {{small|(1594–1604)}}
* Richter'sche Hofbuchdruckerei {{small|(1709–1799)}}
* Pierer'sche Hofbuchdruckerei {{small|(1799–1872)}}
* Pierer'sche Hofbuchdruckerei.
* Stephan Geibel & Co. {{small|(1872–1919)}}
* Druckhaus "Maxim Gorki" Altenburg {{small|(1919–1947)}}
* Betrieb und VEB Druckhaus "Maxim Gorki" Altenburg {{small|(1950–1951)}}
* Thüringer Volksverlag GmbH {{small|(1951–1990)}}
* Maxim-Gorki-Druck GmbH {{small|(1990–1992)}}
* DZA Druckerei zu Altenburg GmbH {{small|(1992–present)}}
}}
| country      =
| headquarters = [[Altenburg]], [[Germany]]
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| publications =
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| owner        = Simon Tafertshofer {{small|(since 1993)}}
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| url          = {{URL|http://www.dza-druck.de}}
}}'''Fürstlich Sächsischer Hofbuchdruckerei''' of [[Altenburg]], [[Germany]], is used generically in this article to denote a succession of book [[printing|printers]] (sometimes synonymous with "[[publishers]]") based in [[Altenburg]], in the [[States of Germany|German state]] of [[Thuringia]] (formerly [[East Germany]]), that — under various capacities, names, and owners – have endured as one continuous printing operation, without interruption (save and except wars), for {{cardinal to word|{{age|format=raw|1594|01|01}}}} years — since 1594,<ref name="SaltLakeTrib 1905 Dec 2" /><ref name="1594-v-1540" group=lower-alpha /> the [[early modern Germany|early modern German period]].  The bookbinding aspect of the business included a [[Bookbinding|bindery]].

== History ==
=== 16th century ===
The '''Fürstlich Sächsische Hofdruckerei''', the [[Saxe-Weimar|ducal]] printing press, was established at the [[Hartenfels Castle]] [[:de:Schloss Hartenfels|(de)]] in [[Torgau]] in 1594 by appointment of [[Friedrich Wilhelm I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar]] (1562–1602). "Fürstlich Sächsische" roughly translates to "Prince of [[Saxony]]."  The German prefix "Hof," an abbreviation for "[[Hoflieferant]]," denotes a [[Royal warrant of appointment|royal appointment]].  The German word "druckerei" translates to "printer."  The earliest extant publication is ''Torgauer Katechismus'' ''([[Torgau]] [[Catechism]])'' ({{circa|1594–95}}).

=== 17th century ===
In 1604, after the duke's death, the press moved to [[Altenburg]].  The earliest extant published work from the Altenburg press is ''Lotio Pedum'' (1606).<ref name="Lotio-Pedum 1606" /> In 1668, Gottfried Richter (1633–1696) received the book printing concession and, two years later, received the privilege of being a court publisher.  During this period, his printing press was among the 20 known to produce the ''Biblia Germanica'', the [[Luther Bible]] (1676), with the [[woodcut]] [[Wood engraving|engravings]] of [[Jakob Mores]] (Mörs) (lived approx. 1540–1612).<ref name="Book-Printing-Archives 2012 67" /><ref name="Luthern-Bible 1676" /><ref name="1676-Luther-Bible-publishers" group=lower-alpha />

=== 18th century ===
In 1709, Johann Ludwig Richter, one of Gottfried's sons, purchased the royal publishing house from [[Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen|Duke Ernest]] and, henceforth, it became known as '''Richter'sche Hofbuchdruckerei'''. Johann Ludwig Richter was appointed ''F.S. (Fürstlich Sächsischer) Hoff-buchdruckern'' and headed the firm until his death in 1736.  His son, Paul Emanuel Richter, ran it from 1736 to 1742.  The last owner, Karl Heinrich Emanuel Richter (1778–1800?), was young when he won control of the firm.  Due partly to his inexperience and partly to a downturn in the economy, K.H.E. Richter sold the Hofbuchdruckdruckerei in 1799 under financial duress, mostly from pressure of creditors.  K.H.E. Richter, who also was in the bookselling business, sold, in the same year, parts of his bookselling business to Hieronymus Wilhelm Christian Seidler (1765–1811) from [[Jena]].  Richter desired to continue as bookseller and did not want to lose his ''"Privilegium Exclusivum"'' (as a royal appointed book seller); but, lost it.  K.H.E. Richter contested the loss of his royal appointment.  His effort was an impetus for the founding of a publishing house that became Schnuphase'sche Buchhandlung of [[Altenburg]], which was the forerunner to present-day firm, [[E. Reinhold Verlag]] [[:de:E. Reinhold Verlag|(de)]].<ref name="AltenburgerHistory 2000" /><ref name="Wolf 2000" />

=== 19th century ===
[[File:Pierer's Universal-Lexikon der Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. Vierte Auflage. Prospectus. Seite 1.jpg|thumb|right|210px|
<div align="left">{{small|(1856)}}</div>
Prospectus (1 of 4 pages) for''Pierer's Universal-Lexikon''(4th ed.)Distributed by [[August Sorge]] [[:de:August Sorge|(de)]]<ref name="August-Sorge-bio" group=lower-alpha />
]]
On 1 July 1799, the firm was acquired by [[Johann Friedrich Pierer]] [[:de:Johann Friedrich Pierer|(de)]] (1767–1832), and became known as '''Pierer'sche Hofbuchdruckerei'''.  Pierer was a physician and in 1826 became the official physician to the Duke.  The book publishing company was owned by the Pierer family until 1871. During this time, the firm achieved international acclaim with published works that included ''[[Pierer's Universal-Lexikon]]'' [[:de:Universal-Lexikon der Gegenwart und Vergangenheit|(de)]], an encyclopedia edited by [[Heinrich August Pierer]] (1st ed. 1824–1826).<ref name="Pierer's Universal-Lexikon-note" group=lower-alpha /> In 1843, [[Eugen Pierer]] [[:de:Eugen Pierer|(de)]] (1823–1890), one of H.A. Pierer's sons, joined the business.  The [[Leipzig–Hof railway|Leipzig-Altenburg Railway]] – completed September 19, 1842 – greatly enhanced the [[supply chain]] from Pierer'sche Hofbuchdruckerei to bookdealers in [[Leipzig]].  The business managed to endure in the throes of the 1848 [[German revolutions of 1848–49#Saxony|German revolution in Saxony]].  Upon the death of H.A. Pierer in 1850, Eugen became the sole managing director.  In 1859, Eugen's brother, Alfred (1836–1901), joined the company and Eugen, henceforth, narrowed his responsibility to printing.

In 1872, the business was sold to a [[consortium]] of [[Leipzig]] publishers led by Stephan Geibel (1847–1903).<ref name="Mag-Book-Trades-Graphic-Arts 1903 Jan" /> In addition to Stephan Geibel, the consortium consisted of:
* [[Carl Geibel (1842–1910)|Carl Geibel Jr.]] (1842–1910), brother of Stephan, who with his father, Carl Geibel Sr., around 1866, acquired the publishing firm of [[Duncker & Humblot]] [[:de:Duncker & Humblot|(de)]]
* Richard Reisland (''né'' Otto Richard Reisland; 1841–1915); in 1868, he became sole owner of Fues Verlag in Leipzig, which was founded in 1768 in [[Tübingen]] as L.W. Fues (Ludwig Friedrich Fues; 1765–1863); published works of [[Ferdinand Tönnies]]
* Otto Volckmar (''né'' Otto Friedrich Friedrich Volckmar; 1835–1887), son of [[Friedrich Volckmar]] [[:de:Friedrich Volckmar|(de)]] (1799–1876)<ref name="Volckmar-Brockhaus-connection" group=lower-alpha />
* Carl Vörster (''né'' Carl Frederich David Vörster; 1826–1899), son-in-law of Friedrich Volckmar<ref name="Volckmar-Voerster-connection" group=lower-alpha />
* Carl Geibel Sr. [[:de:Carl Geibel (Verleger, 1806)|(de)]] (1806-1884)

In 1874, Stephan Geibel, the youngest son of Carl Geibel Sr., took over management and the firm became known as [[Offene Handelsgesellschaft]] [[:de:Offene Handelsgesellschaft|(de)]] '''Pierer'sche Hofbuchdruckerei. Stephan Geibel & Co'''.<ref name="Geibel 1897" /><ref name="Geibel-25-yr-anniv-memorial" /> Stephan was married to Wanda Geibel (''née'' {{linktext|Freiin}} von Rothkirch-Trach), a granddaughter of [[Heinrich August Pierer]].<ref name="MDR-Zeitreise 2005 Dec 5" /><ref name="SaltLakeTrib 1905 Dec 2" />

=== 20th century ===
In 1919, the firm was reorganized as a [[Kommanditgesellschaft]] (limited partnership). By the 1920s, the firm began specializing in scientific publications. By 1925, the managing directors were Hans Stephan Geibel (Stephan Geibel's son) and Paul Hoffmann — Hoffman had been managing director since the death of Stephen Geibel in 1903.

In 1931, Pierersche Hofbuchdruckerei Stefan Geibel & Co. [[Kommanditgesellschaft|KG]] was located at 30/31 Hohe Straße.  The personnel included Managing Director Hans Stephan Geibel, Director Curt Brandt, and authorized signatories Joachim von Baerensprung, Hanns Bretschneider, August Drescher, Hans Ernst, Heinrich Hansen.  The firm had 500 employees.  The equipment included 30 setting and [[Linotype machine|casting]] machines, 45 printing machines, stereotypes, a font foundry, and a large [[bookbinding]] facility.<ref name="Altenburg-direcory 1931" />

==== Post World War II ====
At the end of April 1945, near the end of [[World War II]], the company resumed operations. The [[304th Infantry Regiment (United States)|U.S. 304th Infantry Regiment]] was initially stationed at [[Altenburg]], then, in July 1945, Altenburg became part of the [[Soviet occupation zone]].<ref name="MDR-Zeitreise 2005 Dec 5" />  After Germany split (into [[East Germany|East]] and [[West Germany]]), the firm, domiciled in [[East Germany]], was forced to provide extensive [[German reparations for World War II|reparation]] services to SWA-Verlag in [[Weimar]], publisher for the [[Soviet Military Administration in Germany]], and, to that end, printed more than 28 million books from 1947 to 1949.

On the basis of a denunciation,<ref name="Das-Antiquariat 1951 Jul-Aug" /> the directors, Hans Stephan Geibel and Max A. Geibel, sons of Stephan Geibel, were arrested in March 1950 and sentenced to prison by the [[District Court of Gera]] [[:de:Landgericht Gera|(de)]] in October 1950. The firm's assets were confiscated by the state of [[Thuringia]] at the turn of 1950–1951, which marked the end of the private enterprise, "Pierer'schen Hofbuchdruckerei Stephan Geibel & Co."

The company was reconstituted as '''Betrieb und [[Volkseigener Betrieb|VEB]] Druckhaus "Maxim Gorki" Altenburg''', the namesake of a Russian and Soviet writer and five-time nominee for the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].  In 1951, it was merged into '''Thüringer Volksverlag GmbH''' [[:de:Thüringer Volksverlag|(de)]]. From 1952 to 1990, the firm specialized in fiction and scientific publications. In 1956, the firm was transferred to the [[German Academy of Sciences at Berlin]], and continued to print mostly scientific journals.<ref name="Thüringer-Staatsarchiv-note" group=lower-alpha />

==== German reunification ====
On August 15, 1990 – after the collapse of the [[GDR]], and the [[German reunification|reunification of Germany]], the firm — under [[Treuhandanstalt]], a government agency established to administer the selling of assets, including entire companies, that had been owned by the [[East Germany|DDR]] — registered as '''Maxim-Gorki-Druck GmbH'''.  Among other things, the firm upgraded from [[Hot metal typesetting|lead typesetting]] to photographic reproduction and [[offset printing]]. Maxim-Gorki-Druck GmbH dissolved on December 17, 1992.

=== 21st century ===
In 1993, the assets were purchased by Simon Tafertshofer and registered as a private entity in the state of [[Thüringen]], [[Amtsgericht|registered court]] of [[Jena]], as '''Druckerei zu Altenburg GmbH'''.  The firm is currently known as '''DZA Druckerei zu Altenburg GmbH.'''  Tafertshofer is managing director.<ref name="Puhl 2005" /><ref name="Hauthal 1996" />

== Civic legacies ==
In 1991, the [[Landkreis Altenburger Land|District of Altenburger Land]] opened a trade school, [[Johann-Friedrich-Pierer-Schule Altenburg]] [[:de:Johann-Friedrich-Pierer-Schule Altenburg|(de)]].

== Selected published and printed works ==

===Fürstlich Sächsischer Druckerei zu Torgau (1594–1604)===
* (Torgauer Katechismus) ''Ein Christliches Handbüchlein, vor Die Durchlauchtige, Hochgeborne Fürstin und Fräulein, Fräulein [[Dorothea Sophia, Abbess of Quedlinburg|Dorothea Sophia]], und Fräulein Anna Maria, [[duchess|Hertzogin]] zu Sachssen, [[Landgrave|Landgräffin]] in Düringen, und [[Margrave|Marggräffin]] zu [[Meißen]], etc. Aus Christlicher, Gottseliger, und reiner Lehrer, Büchern und Schrifften zusam̄en getragen. Herr Jesu Christe, Segne meinen Eingang und Außgang, von nun an bis in Ewigkeit, In Fürstl[ich]. Sächs[ischer].'' Druckerey zu Torgau, Anno M.D. XCIIII (1594); {{oclc|258469096}} ([http://digitale.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/vd16/content/pageview/1112356 link] ''via'' Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek [[:de:Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek|(de)]], [[Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg]], [[Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt]] [[:de:Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt|(de)]])<br />'''Later eds.'''<div style="margin-left:2em">1598 ([[Annaburg]]); {{oclc|246297610}}<br />1601 ([[Torgau]]); {{oclc|950454619}}<br />1634 ([[Leipzig]]) (alternate title), George Zöllner of [[Jena]] is credited as author in this edition; {{oclc|935042318|185193327|923942308}}</div>
* [[Doctor of Theology|D[octoris]]]. [[Martin Luther|Martini Lutheri]] Concionum Deibus [[Sabbath in Christianity|Dominicis]] et Festis domi publiceq́[ue]; habitarum Ad Mandatum Illustriss: et Celsissimi Principis A[uria]C[i] D[omi]N[i]:<div style="margin-left:2em">D[omi]n[i]: [[Friedrich Wilhelm I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar|Friderici Wilhelmi, Ducis Saxoniæ]], Tutoris et Electoratus Saxonici Administratoris, [[Landgrave|Landgr[aviorum]]]. [[Thuringia|Thuringiæ]], et Marchionis Mismiæ, etç., In Latinum sermonem à [[Magister degree|M[agister]]]. [[Johanne Wanckel]]io [[:de:Johannes Wanckel|[(de)]]] traductarum</div>
** Pars I. ''[http://digitale.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/vd16/content/pageview/4274006 Hyberna]'' ("Winter") (1596); {{oclc|837209122}}
** Pars II. ''[http://digital.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/werkansicht?PPN=PPN866998632&PHYSID=PHYS_0007&DMDID=DMDLOG_0001 Æstiua]'' ("Summer") (1596); {{oclc|836983444|257557900}}
** Pars III. ''[http://digital.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/werkansicht?PPN=PPN867004568&PHYSID=PHYS_0007&DMDID=DMDLOG_0001 Autumnalis et de Festis]'' ("Autumn and Holidays") (1597); {{oclc|837209139}}
(these are teachings or sermons of [[Martin Luther]], translated from German to Latin by [[Johanne Wanckel]] [[:de:Johannes Wanckel|(de)]])

=== Gedruckt und Verlagen von Gottfried Richtern (1668–1670) / F.S. Hoff-Buchdruckern, Altenburg (1670–1709) ===
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=91ViAAAAcAAJ Reifflich betrachtete und Christmüthig verachtete Eitelkeit des nichtig- und flüchtigen Welt-Wesens],'' by Johann Damian Ehrenholds von Rochlitz aus [[Meissen]] (pseudonym of Jacob Daniel Ernst; 1640–1707), Gedruckt und Verlagen von Gottfried Richtern / F.S. Hoff-Buchdruckern / Im Jahre 1676; {{oclc|731476627|56283935|318400386}}, {{oclc|54211849}}
* ''Die Neu-Zugerichtete Historische Confect-Taffel:'' Worauff in Einhundert anmuthigen, Schaaten, viel und mancherley außerlesene, sehr denckwürdige, und meistertheils neue Trauer- Lust- und Lehr-Geschichten also auffgesetzt worden: daß jedwede mit angenehmer Kürtze auffgetragene Erzehlung, einen sonderbahren Spruch [[Religious text|H[eilige]. Schrifft]], mit ihrer Hauptlehre bestätiget, und was bey denen vielfältigen Umbständen merckwürdig, durch beygefügte nützliche Erinnerungen, erbaulich gezeiget wird. Denen Geschichts-liebenden Gemüthern zu sonderbahren Nutz und Ergetzung verfertiget, und öffentlich auffgestellet Von M[agister]. Jacob Daniel Ernsten, P[astor]. [zu] [[Kriebitzsch|C[riebitzsch].]] (Jacob Daniel Ernst; 1640–1707)
** 1677: {{oclc|634581531}}
** 1681: {{oclc|257627379}}
** 1682: {{oclc|832512760|303405845}}
** 1690: {{oclc|560518540|891212051|251692125}}
** 1698: {{oclc|696027592|22567307|833301942}}, {{oclc|833301920|833301930|707095293}}
** 1722: {{oclc|311603427}}
* Around thirty Latin and German poems published on Dorothea Friderica Kuntsch's death (January 1690, age 9)<ref name="Linton 2009" /><ref name="Tatlock 2010" />
*# Latin and German poems by Christoph [von] Kuntsch's friends and colleagues, "Cerbum Luctum Quem Vir Praenobilissimus"; {{oclc|839751212|257298502}}
*# Latin and German poems by local teachers and clergymen, "Cupressus Funerea in funere Virginis"; {{oclc|257299309}}<br />Selected poems: {{ordered list|list-style-type=lower-alpha
| "Das Beklagte und getröstet Vater- und Mutter Hertze," by Christoph Reim, a theological student
| "Schuldigste Condolentz," {{nowrap| ... }} by J.H.S., Dorothea's tutor
| "Uber die Toden- Grufft Der Nummehro Seeligsten Jf. Dorotheen Friedericen Kuntschin," {{nowrap| ... }} by Gottfried Stockman, Kuntsch's future son-in-law
| "Als Jhre Hertzlich-geliebte Einige Schwester {{nowrap| ... }} Durch einen unverhofften wiewol seeligen Todt aus allen Jammer erlöset wurde," {{nowrap| ... }} by Margarethe Elizabeth Kuntsch
}}

=== Pierer'sche Hofbuchdruckerei, Stefan Geibel & Co., Altenburg (1872–1950) ===
* "Das Ursprungsjahr des Montanismus" (subject: [[Montanism]]), by [[Daniel Völter]] [[:sv:Daniël Völter|(sv)]] (1855–1942), published as a 16-page book (1884);  {{oclc|32953758}}<div style="margin-left:2em">Originally published in ''Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Theologie'' (magazine), [[Adolf Bernhard Christoph Hilgenfeld|Adolf Hilgenfeld]] (ed.), Vol. 27, N° 1 (1883), [https://books.google.com/books?id=0UMEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA23 pps. 23–36]; {{oclc|855580243|312892038}}</div>
* ''[[Unterm Birnbaum]]'' [[:de:Unterm Birnbaum|(de)]] ([https://books.google.com/books?id=zXLfAAAAMAAJ link] ''via'' [[Google Books]]), by [[Theodor Fontane]], Grote'sche Sammlung von Werken zeitgenössischer Schriftsteller (Grote's collection of works by Contemporary Writers), Dreiundzwanzigster Band (Vol. 23 of 77), [[Berlin]]: G. Grote'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (publisher), Pierer’sche Hofbuchdruckerei. Stephan Geibel & Co. in Altenburg (printer) (1885); {{oclc|918054256}}

{{Gallery
|title=Vintage ornate [[Initial#Types of initial|drop cap initials]] used in the 1885 edition of ''Unterm Birnbaum''
|height=70
|width=50
|align=center
|footer=(aside from the ornate drop caps above, the [[body text]] of early German printers used [[schwabacher]] and [[fraktur]] [[blackletter]] fonts that,<br /> in comparison to [[serif]] and [[sans-serif]], are difficult to accurately [[Digitizing|digitize]] by way of [[optical character recognition]])
|File:Vintage Drop Cap A.jpg|'''A'''<br />16, 105, 126
|File:Pamiątka drukarni J. I. Kraszewskiego w Dreznie s05.jpg|'''D'''<br />24, 60, 70, 115, 142
|File:Vintage Drop Cap E.jpg|'''E'''<br />9, 34, 87, 150
|File:Fancy Letter F (1).jpg|'''F'''<br />121
|File:Drop Cap Letter H.jpg|'''H'''<br />92
|File:Fancy Letter H (2).jpg|'''T'''<br />138
|File:Drop Cap Letter S.jpg|'''S'''<br />45
|File:Fancy Letter U.jpg|'''U'''<br />50
|File:Drop Cap Letter V.jpg|'''V'''<br />1, 81
}}

=== [[German Academy of Sciences at Berlin|Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin]], Druckhaus "Maxim Gorki", Altenburg ===
* ''Deutsches Jahrbuch für Volkskunde'' (academic periodical)<div style="margin-left:2em">[[Wilhelm Fraenger]] (1890–1964) (ed. 1955–1964)<br />[[Hermann Strobach]] [[:de:Hermann Strobach|(de)]] (born 1925) (ed.; 1965–1969)</div>Published by the Instutut für Deutsche Volkskunde (Institute for German Folklore) and the [[German Academy of Sciences at Berlin|German Academy of Sciences]] at [[East Berlin|Berlin]]
1955 (Vol. 1) thru 1969 (Vol. 15), {{linktext|semiannual}}; {{issn|0012-1312}}<br />(all issues can be viewed online ''via'' {{URL|http://digi.evifa.de/viewer/toc/BV042275036/1/LOG_0000/}}, sponsored by [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]])

== Photo gallery ==
<gallery mode=packed heights=200>
File:Heinrich_August_Pierer.jpg|[[Heinrich August Pierer]] ({{circa|1850}})
</gallery>

== Notes and references ==
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha|50em|refs=

<ref name="Thüringer-Staatsarchiv-note">As of 2001, company archives, documenting its history from 1929 to 1975, are housed at the Thuringian State Archives</ref>

<ref name="Pierer's Universal-Lexikon-note">Editions 1 through 5 of ''Pierer's Universal-Lexikon'' was published by Pierer'sche Hofbuchdruckerei, when Pierer was a [[Royal warrant of appointment|court]] printer. Pierer did not control the publishing rights, which, in 1873, passed to Verlagshandlung von Ad. Spaarmann of [[Oberhausen]], and in 1888, passed to publishing firm of [[Johann Wilhelm Spemann]] [[:de:Johann Wilhelm Spemann|(de)]] (1844–1910) of [[Stuttgart]].<div style="margin-left:2em">
1st ed. (1824–1826); [[Johann Friedrich Pierer]] [[:de:Johann Friedrich Pierer|(de)]] (ed.)<br />
2nd ed. (1840–1846); [[Heinrich August Pierer]] (ed.)<br />
3rd ed. (1848–1852); [[Heinrich August Pierer]] (ed.)<br />
4th ed. (1857–1865); [[Julius Löbe]] [[:de:Julius Löbe|(de)]] (1805–1900) (ed.)<br />
5th ed. (1867–1873); [[Julius Löbe]] [[:de:Julius Löbe|(de)]] (1805–1900) (ed.)
</div></ref>

<ref name="1676-Luther-Bible-publishers">The ''[[Luther Bible]]'' was printed by Gottfried Richter – F.S. (Fürstlich Sächsischer) Hoff-buchdruckern an Altenbug – und Samuel Alolph Müllern zu [[Jena]] (see ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PMQcRPOOSMgC&pg=PA207 Archiv für Geschichte des Buchwesens],'' below)</ref>

<ref name="August-Sorge-bio">[[August Sorge]] [[:de:August Sorge|(de)]] was a book dealer — A. Sorge'sche Buchhandlung – in [[Osterode am Harz]]</ref>

<ref name="Volckmar-Brockhaus-connection">[[Friedrich Volckmar]] [[:de:Friedrich Volckmar|(de)]] (1799–1876) was the 1st cousin of [[Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus]] (1772–1823); that is, his mother, Johanne Justine Volckmar ''(née'' Brockhaus; 1763–1847) was the sister of Johann Adolf Henrich Brockhaus (1739–1811), the father of [[Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus]]</ref>

<ref name="Volckmar-Voerster-connection">F. Volckmar — a company founded in 1829 in [[Leipzig]] by [[Friedrich Volckmar]] [[:de:Friedrich Volckmar|(de)]] (1799–1876) and joined in 1849 by his son-in-law, Carl Voerster (1826–1899), who married his daughter, Marie Emilie Volckmar — became [[Koch, Neff und Volckmar]] [[:de:Koch, Neff und Volckmar|(de)]]; Jürgen Voerster (1926–2010), a fourth-generation managing heir, passed away {{cardinal to word|{{age|format=raw|2010|01|24}}}} years ago.  The firm is currently co-managed by fifth-generation heirs; Carl Voerster's mother, Dorothea Sophia Francisca Voerster ''(née'' Volckmar; born 1793), was his wife's aunt – that is, his mother was the sister of his wife's father</ref>

<ref name="1594-v-1540">The earliest printing that was directly connected to the printers of this article is generally chronicled as 1594; however, Hans Stephan Geibel, while on a world tour in 1905, stated in the ''[[Salt Lake Tribune]]'' that the history of the printing operation dates back to 1540 – {{cardinal to word|{{age|format=raw|1540|06|01}}}} years ago (see citation below); or, put another way, 104 years after [[Johannes Gutenberg]] invented the [[Letterpress printing|printing press]] in 1436</ref>

}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="Lotio-Pedum 1606">''Lotio Pedum: Die Lieb- und Trostreiche Historia der Fusswaschung unseres Herrn Jesu Christi'' {{nowrap| ... }}, 10 Sermons, erkleret von Balthasar Müller, Superintendent zu Altenburg (1606); {{oclc|253849223}}</ref>

<ref name="Book-Printing-Archives 2012 67">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PMQcRPOOSMgC&pg=PA207 Archiv für Geschichte des Buchwesens]'' (Issue 67), [[Ursula Rautenberg]] [[:de:Ursula Rautenberg|(de)]] & [[Ute Schneider]] [[:de:Ute Schneider|(de)]] (eds.), [[Walter de Gruyter]] (publisher) (2012); {{issn|0066-6327}}. "Nachtrag zur Klischeeverwendung wom 16. bis 18. Jahrhundert im Bibeldruck" – "Die Inventarverzeichnisse der Fürstlichen Hofdruckerei zu Altenburg," by Wolfgang Schellmann, pps. 207–209; {{oclc|828738630}}</ref>

<ref name="Puhl 2005">[http://www.archive-in-thueringen.de/finding_aids/index.php?path=0;21698;-100 "VEB Druckhaus "Maxim Gorki" Altenburg,"] by Undine Puhl, Archivoberinspektorin, [[Altenburg]]: Thüringisches Staatsarchiv, October 2005 (retrieved March 19, 2015, ''via'' {{URL|www.archive-in-thueringen.de}})</ref>

<ref name="AltenburgerHistory 2000">"Schnuphase'sche Buchhandlung," by Gustav Wolf, ''Altenburger Geschichts- und Hauskalender'' (magazine), [[Altenburg]]: [[E. Reinhold Verlag]] [[:de:E. Reinhold Verlag|(de)]] (2000); {{oclc|183199314}} ([http://geo.viaregia.org/testbed/pool/editmain/T1_433_Schnuphasesche.Buchhandlung.html online transcript] retrieved February 8, 2017, ''via'' {{URL|http://geo.viaregia.org}})</ref>

<ref name="Wolf 2000">''Geschichte der Altenburger Buchhändler: Ein Historischer Überblick Seit 1800'', by Gustav Wolf, [[Altenburg]]: [[E. Reinhold Verlag]] [[:de:E. Reinhold Verlag|(de)]] (2000); {{oclc|49385454}}</ref>

<ref name="Geibel 1897">''Geschichte der Pierer'schen Hofbuchdruckerei in Altenburg, [[Sachsen|S.[achsen]]] -[[Altenburg|A.[ltenburg]]]: Eine Anspruchslose Festschrift ("History of Pierer's Royal Book Printing in Altenburg, Saxony-Altenburg: An Unpretentious Memorandum")'', By Stephan Geibel (1847–1903), Pierer'schen Hofbuchdruckerei (95 pages with illustrations; 1897); {{oclc|721112648|249760899|271817063}}; {{LCCN|2008577764}}</ref>

<ref name="Geibel-25-yr-anniv-memorial">''Erinnerungsblatt an die Jubiläumsfeier des Fünfundzwanzigjährigen Bestehens der Firma Pierer'sche Hofbuchdruckerei Stephan Geibel & Co.: Seinen Hochverehrten Chefs in Dankbarkeit Gewidmet von dem Personale der Officin'', Pierer'sche Hofbuchdruckerei Stephan Geibel (1897); {{oclc|721112648}}</ref>

<ref name="Luthern-Bible 1676">''Biblia, das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift, Altes und Neues Testaments'', In Verlegung des Waysenhauses daselbst, gedruckt bey G. Richter – F.S. (Fürstlich Sächsischer) Hoff-buchdruckern an [[Altenburg]] (1876) (New address, the Waysen House, printed by Gottfried Richter – Prince of Saxony Royal Book Printer at [[Altenburg]]). Gedruckt bey S.A. Müllern, [[Jena]] (1876) (Printed by Samuel Alolph Müller at [[Jena]]) {{oclc|767787864|249549633|60684621}}; {{oclc|83002020}}</ref>

<ref name="Altenburg-direcory 1931">''[http://forum.ahnenforschung.net/printthread.php?t=51348&pp=10&page=35 Adreßbuch der Stadt Altenburg, mit den eingemeindeten Drescha, Kauerndorf, Rasephas, Zschernitzsch]''. Siebenundzwanzigste Anlage. Ansgegeben Mitte Juni 1931. hierzu ein plan der stadt Altenburg und des Landestheaters. Druck und Verlag: Pierersche Hofbuchdruckerei Stephan Geibel & Co. (partial transcript retrieved February 9, 2017, ''via'' {{URL|http://forum.ahnenforschung.net}}, registered to Benjamin Pitzer, [[Appenheim]])</ref>

<ref name="Mag-Book-Trades-Graphic-Arts 1903 Jan">''[https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_cDsgAQAAMAAJ#page/n39/mode/1up Archiv für Buchgewerbe und Gebrauchsgraphik]'', "Mannigfaltiges – Personalnachrichten" Am 13. Januar 1903," [[Leipzig]]: Verlag des Deutschen Buchgewerbevereins, Vol. 40, No. 1, January 1903, pg. 29 (issues 1 thru 12 are bound and accessible online ''via'' [[Internet Archive]])</ref>

<ref name="Hauthal 1996">''400 Jahre Druckerei zu Altenburg: 1594–1994; von der "Fürstlich Sächsischen Officin" zur "Druckerei zu Altenburg GmbH,"'' by Günter Hauthal, PhD (1925–2010), Druckerei zu Altenburg (1994 & 1996); {{oclc|758411049|68318116}}</ref>

<ref name="Linton 2009">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=KqMUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 Poetry and Parental Bereavement in Early Modern Lutheran Germany],'' by Anna Linton, [[Oxford University Press]] (2009), pg. 5; {{oclc|611765225}}</ref>

<ref name="Tatlock 2010">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=1s4yjlYCfQUC&pg=PA185 Enduring Loss in Early Modern Germany: Cross Disciplinary Perspectives],'' Lynne Tatlock (ed.), [[Brill Publishers]] (2010), pps. 185–186; {{oclc|799821753}}</ref>

<ref name="Das-Antiquariat 1951 Jul-Aug">[http://search.ihf19.org.br:8080/xmlui/handle/1357/99?discover?rpp=10&etal=0&query=%22Das+Antiquariat%22+1951#page/22/mode/1up "Nachrichten: Am 29. Juli wurde Verlagsbuchhandler Max A. Geibel in Altenburg {{nowrap| ... }}".] ([http://search.ihf19.org.br:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1357/99/DasAntiquariat.pdf pdf]) ''Das Antiquariat'' (periodical), [[Wien]]: Walter Krieg Verlag & Herbert Stubenrauch Verlagsbuchhandlung, Vol. 7, Nos. 13-16, enf of July – beginning of August, 1951, pg. 268 of the bound set, pg. 20 of the issue; {{oclc|477410348}}, {{issn|0003-5793}} (transcript retrieved February 16, 2017, ''via'' {{URL|http://www.ihf19.org.br/}} – Instituto [[Hércules Florence]] de Estudos da Sociedade e Meio Ambiente do Século XIX Brasileiro, [[São Paulo]])</ref>

<ref name="MDR-Zeitreise 2005 Dec 5">[http://www.mdr.de/zeitreise/weitere-epochen/neuzeit/artikel12510.html "Eugen Pierer (1823-1890)"], ''[[MDR Zeitreise]]'' [[:de:MDR Zeitreise|(de)]], history magazine (online) of the [[Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk]] (public radio), December 5, 2005 (retrieved February 16, 2017)</ref>

<ref name="SaltLakeTrib 1905 Dec 2">"Printing in Germany: Fatherland Still Leads in Color Work, Says Hans Geibel," ''[[Salt Lake Tribune]]'', December 2, 1905, pg. 12, col. 6 of 7 (retrieved February 17, 2017, ''via'' {{URL|https://www.newspapers.com/image/76409642}})</ref>

}}

==External links==
* {{URL|http://www.dza-druck.de}} — official website of the current printer, DZA Druckerei zu Altenburg GmbH
* ''Sample German publishers' announcements of new books, 1875-1919,'' [[Library of Congress]] {{LCCN|2005688667}}, {{LCCN|2005688655}}

[[Category:German printers]]
[[Category:Altenburg]]
[[Category:1594 establishments in Europe]]