View source for Twin cities

{{Short description|Neighboring cities that become a conurbation}}
{{About|the general concept|town governments establishing official links|Sister city|the area typically called the "Twin Cities" in the United States|Minneapolis–Saint Paul|other uses|Twin city (disambiguation){{!}}Twin city}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2011}}

[[File:Cedar-Riverside and Saint Paul skyline seen from the Foshay Tower observation deck, May 2018.jpg|300px|thumb|High-rise buildings in Minneapolis's [[Cedar-Riverside, Minneapolis|Cedar-Riverside]] neighborhood, with the [[Downtown Saint Paul]] skyline visible in the background ten miles away. Minneapolis' city limits border those of [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]], the capital of Minnesota. This gave birth to the nickname of the region, the "[[Twin Cities]]" metropolitan area.]]
[[File:View from Suensaari water tower Tornio 20150806 04.JPG|thumb|300px|A view of the town of [[Tornio]] ([[Finland]]), which forms a twin city with [[Haparanda]] ([[Sweden]])]]

'''Twin cities''' are a special case of two neighboring [[city|cities]] or urban centres that grow into a single [[conurbation]] – or narrowly separated urban areas – over time. There are no formal criteria, but twin cities are generally comparable in status and size, though not necessarily equal; a city and a substantially smaller suburb would not typically qualify, even if they were once separate. [[Tri-Cities (disambiguation)|Tri-cities]] and [[Quad Cities (disambiguation)|quad cities]] are similar phenomena involving three or four municipalities.

A common – but not universal – scenario is two cities that developed concurrently on opposite sides of a river. For example, [[Minneapolis]] and [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]] in [[Minnesota]] – one of the most widely known pairs of "Twin Cities" – were founded several miles apart on opposite sides of the [[Mississippi River]], and competed for prominence as they grew.

In some cases, twin cities are separated by a state border, such as [[Albury]] ([[New South Wales]]) and [[Wodonga]] ([[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]) in Australia, on opposite sides of the [[Murray River]]. In [[Pakistan]], [[Islamabad]] and [[Rawalpindi]] are twin cities located in northwestern [[Punjab|Punjab region]] with Islamabad, administratively being part of the [[Islamabad Capital Territory]], and Rawalpindi, part of the [[Punjab, Pakistan|province of Punjab]]. Cities on opposite sides of international borders sometimes share enough cultural and historical identity to be seen as twins, such as [[Haparanda]] ([[Sweden]]) and [[Tornio]] ([[Finland]]), [[Leticia, Amazonas|Leticia]] ([[Colombia]]) and [[Tabatinga]] ([[Brazil]]), or [[Valga, Estonia|Valga]] ([[Estonia]]) and [[Valka]] ([[Latvia]]).

In some cases twin cities eventually merge into a single legal municipality, such as [[Buda]] and [[Pest (city)|Pest]] merging in 1873 into [[Budapest]], Hungary; [[Brooklyn]] being annexed by [[New York City]] in 1898; or the three ancient cities of [[Hankou]], [[Hanyang District|Hanyang]], and [[Wuchang District|Wuchang]] joining in 1927 into [[Wuhan]].

As a single urban area, twin cities may share an airport whose [[IATA airport code|airport codes]] include both cities' initials, e.g., [[Dallas–Fort Worth International Airport|DFW]] ([[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|Dallas–Fort Worth]]), [[Leeds Bradford Airport|LBA]] ([[Leeds]]&ndash;[[Bradford]]), [[Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport|MSP]] ([[Minneapolis–Saint Paul]]), [[Raleigh-Durham International Airport|RDU]] ([[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]] and [[Durham, NC|Durham]]), and [[Akron–Canton Airport|CAK]] ([[Akron]]–[[Canton, Ohio|Canton]]).

==Twin cities==
[[Image:Obelisco - Plaza Internacional - Frontera de la Paz - Livramento - Rivera.jpeg|thumb|right|Cross-border example of twin cities: ''Plaza Internacional'' of the ''[[Frontera de la Paz]]''. On the left, [[Santana do Livramento]] (Brazil); on the right, [[Rivera]] (Uruguay).]]
{{Excessive examples|date=November 2009}}
{{see also|Border town}}

===List of International border towns and cities===

====Africa====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Border towns!! Countries 
|-
|[[Kinshasa]] and [[Brazzaville]] 
| {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} / {{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
|-
| [[Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe|Victoria Falls]] and [[Livingstone, Zambia|Livingstone]]
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}} / {{flag|Zambia}}
|}

==== Asia ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Border towns 
! Countries
|-
|[[Astara, Azerbaijan|Astara]] and [[Astara, Iran|Astara]]
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}} / {{flag|Iran}}
|-
|[[Dandong]] and [[Sinuiju]]
|{{flag|China}} / {{flag|North Korea}}
|-
|[[Manzhouli]] and [[Zabaykalsk]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|China}} / {{flag|Russia}}
|-
|[[Heihe]] and [[Blagoveshchensk]]
|-
|[[Dongxing, Guangxi|Dongxing]] and [[Móng Cái|Mong Cai]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|China}} / {{flag|Vietnam}}
|-
|[[Hekou Yao Autonomous County|Hekou]] and [[Lào Cai|Lao Cai]]
|-
|[[Johor Bahru]]  and [[Singapore]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Johor Bahru & Singapore: Is the conurbation defining megaregion in the South-East Asia? |url=https://aesop-youngacademics.net/blog/johor-bahru-amp-singapore-is-the-conurbation-defining-megaregion-in-the-south-east-asia |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=Young Academic network |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|{{flag|Malaysia}} / {{flag|Singapore}}
|-
|[[Vientiane]] and [[Nong Khai]]
|{{flag|Thailand}} / {{flag|Laos}}
|-
|[[Dansavan, Laos|Dansavan]] and [[Lao Bảo|Lao Bao]] 
|{{flag|Laos}} / {{flag|Vietnam}}
|-
|[[Al Ain]] and [[Al Buraimi]]
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} / {{flag|Oman}}
|-
|[[Agartala]] and [[Akhaura Upazila|Akhaura]]
|{{Flag|India}} / {{Flag|Bangladesh}}
|}

==== Europe====
{| class="wikitable"
! Border towns!! Countries
|-
|[[Vienna]] and [[Bratislava]]. This is an example of capital cities of neighboring nations being twin cities of one another.||{{flag|Austria}} / {{flag|Slovakia}}
|-
|[[Bad Radkersburg]] and [[Gornja Radgona]] ||{{flag|Austria}} / {{flag|Slovenia}}
|-
|[[Comines, Belgium|Comines]] and [[Comines, France|Comines]] || rowspan="3" |{{flag|France}} / {{flag|Belgium}}
|-
|[[Mouscron]] and [[Tourcoing]]
|-
|[[Wervik]] and [[Wervicq-Sud]]
|-
|[[Slavonski Brod]] and [[Bosanski Brod, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosanski Brod]] ||{{flag|Croatia}} / {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|-
|[[Český Těšín]] and [[Cieszyn]] ||{{flag|Czech Republic}} / {{flag|Poland}}
|-
|[[Skien]] and [[Porsgrunn]]. Together with Tollnes, Gulset and Åfoss they form the Grenland metropolitan area||{{flag|Norway}} / {{flag|Norway}}
|-
|[[Copenhagen]] and [[Malmö]] ||{{flag|Denmark}} / {{flag|Sweden}}
|-
|[[Valga, Estonia|Valga]] and [[Valka]] ||{{flag|Estonia}}  / {{flag|Latvia}}
|-
|[[Narva]] and [[Ivangorod]] 
|{{flag|Estonia}} / {{flag|Russia}}
|-
|[[Imatra]] and [[Svetogorsk]] ||{{flag|Finland}} / {{flag|Russia}}
|-
|[[Tornio]] and [[Haparanda]] ||{{flag|Finland}} / {{flag|Sweden}}
|-
|[[Strasbourg]] and [[Kehl]] ||{{flag|France}} / {{flag|Germany}}
|-
|[[Hendaye]] and [[Irun]] ||{{flag|Spain}} / {{flag|France}}
|-
|[[Frankfurt (Oder)]] and [[Słubice]] || rowspan="4" |{{flag|Poland}} / {{flag|Germany}}
|-
|[[Görlitz]] and [[Zgorzelec]] 
|-
|[[Guben]] and [[Gubin, Poland|Gubin]]
|-
|[[Heringsdorf]] and [[Świnoujście]]
|-
|[[Konstanz]] and [[Kreuzlingen]] || rowspan="2" |{{flag|Switzerland}} / {{flag|Germany}}
|-
|[[Laufenburg, Germany|Laufenburg (Baden)]] and [[Laufenburg, Aargau]]  separated by the [[Rhine River]] (used to be one city until 1801/1802). 
|-
|[[Esztergom]] and [[Štúrovo]] || rowspan="2" |{{flag|Hungary}} / {{flag|Slovakia}}
|-
|[[Komárno]] and [[Komárom]]
|-
|[[Strabane]] and [[Lifford]] ||{{flag|Ireland}} / {{flag|United Kingdom}}
|-
|[[Gorizia]] and [[Nova Gorica]] ||{{flag|Italy}} / {{flag|Slovenia}}
|-
|[[Rome]] and [[Vatican City]]. Vatican City is the only sovereign state surrounded entirely by a single city, Rome. The Vatican is an area in Rome. It was part of Italy until 1929, when Pope Pius XI and Benito Mussolini signed the [[Lateran Treaty]]. ||{{flag|Italy}} / {{flag|Vatican}}
|-
|[[Kerkrade]] and [[Herzogenrath]] ||{{flag|Netherlands}} / {{flag|Germany}}
|-
|[[La Línea de la Concepción]] ||{{flag|Spain}} / {{flag|United Kingdom}}
|-
|[[Basel]], [[Weil am Rhein]] and [[Saint-Louis, Haut-Rhin|Saint Louis]] ||{{flag|Switzerland}} / {{flag|Germany}} / {{flag|France}}
|}

====North America====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Border towns!! Bordering countries
|-
| [[Niagara Falls, Ontario]] and [[Niagara Falls, New York]]|| rowspan="3" |{{flag|United States}} / {{flag|Canada}}
|-
| [[Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario]] and  [[Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan]]
|-
| [[North Portal|North Portal, Saskatchewan]] and  [[Portal, North Dakota]]
|- 
|[[Tecate, Baja California]] [[Tecate, California]]|| rowspan="8" |{{flag|United States}} / {{flag|Mexico}}
|-
| [[Boquillas del Carmen|Boquillas del Carmen, Coahuila]] [[Boquillas, Texas]]
|-
| [[Naco, Sonora]] [[Naco, Arizona]]
|-
| [[Nogales, Sonora]] [[Nogales, Arizona]]
|-
| [[San Luis Río Colorado]], Sonora [[San Luis, Arizona]]
|-
| [[Nuevo Laredo|Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas]] [[Laredo, Texas]]
|-
| [[Nuevo Progreso, Río Bravo, Tamaulipas]] [[Progreso, Texas]] 
|-
| [[Calexico, California]]; [[Mexicali|Mexicali, Baja California]] ([[Calexico–Mexicali]])
|-
| [[Ciudad Hidalgo, Chiapas]] and [[Ayutla, San Marcos]]
|{{flag|Mexico}} / {{flag|Guatemala}}
|-
| [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]] and [[Windsor, Ontario]] ([[Detroit–Windsor]])
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|United States}} / {{flag|Canada}}
|-
| [[International Falls, Minnesota]] and [[Fort Frances|Fort Frances, Ontario]]
|-
| [[Douglas, Arizona]] and [[Agua Prieta|Agua Prieta, Sonora]]
| rowspan="8" |{{flag|United States}} / {{flag|Mexico}}
|-
| [[Yuma, Arizona]] and [[San Luis Río Colorado]], Sonora
|-
| [[San Diego]], California and [[Tijuana]], Baja California see [[San Diego–Tijuana]]
|-
| [[Brownsville, Texas]] and [[Matamoros, Tamaulipas]] see [[Brownsville–Matamoros]]
|-
| [[Del Rio, Texas]] and [[Ciudad Acuña|Ciudad Acuña, Coahuila]]
|-
| [[Eagle Pass, Texas]] and [[Piedras Negras, Coahuila]]
|-
| [[El Paso, Texas]] and [[Ciudad Juárez|Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua]] see [[El Paso–Juárez]]
|-
| [[Presidio, Texas]] and [[Ojinaga|Manuel Ojinaga]], Chihuahua
|}

====South America====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Border town!! Countries
|-
|[[Santana do Livramento|Sant'Ana do Livramento]], [[Rio Grande do Sul]] and  [[Rivera]]
|{{flag|Brazil }} / {{flag|Uruguay}}
|}

===List of internal border towns and cities===
====Africa ====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Twin towns!! Country 
|-
| [[Cairo]] and [[Giza]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-03 |title=5 Famous Sets of Twin Cities From Around the Globe |url=https://www.triptrivia.com/5-sets-of-famous-twin-cities/XphLiNfEsAAGy_RD |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=Trip Trivia}}</ref> Triple cities if counting [[Shubra El Kheima]].
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Egypt}}
|-
|[[Port Said]] and [[Port Fuad]]
|-
| [[Sekondi-Takoradi]]
| {{flag|Ghana}}
|-
| [[Johannesburg]] and [[Pretoria]], [[Gauteng]] Province
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|}

==== Asia====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Twin towns!! Country 
|-
|[[Dhaka]] and [[Narayanganj]]
|{{flag|Bangladesh}}
|-
|[[Guangzhou]] and [[Foshan]]
| rowspan="7" |{{flag|China}}
|-
|[[Xi'an]] and [[Xianyang]]
|-
|[[Beijing]] and [[Langfang]]
|-
|[[Wuxi]] and [[Suzhou]]
|-
|[[Chaozhou]] and [[Shantou]]
|-
|[[Haifeng]] and [[Lufeng, Guangdong|Lufeng]]
|-
|[[Hong Kong]] and [[Shenzhen]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.policyaddress.gov.hk/2021/eng/p24.html | title=The Chief Executive's 2021 Policy Address - Policy Address }}</ref>
|-
|[[Ahmedabad]] and [[Gandhinagar]], Gujarat<ref name="twin town">{{cite web |url= http://www.walkthroughindia.com/walkthroughs/10-twin-towns-and-sister-cities-of-indian-states/|title= 10 Twin Towns and Sister Cities of Indian States|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website= walkthroughindia.com|date= 26 September 2013|access-date=9 January 2014}}</ref>
| rowspan="45" |{{flag|India}}
|-
|[[Allahabad]] and [[Naini]], Uttar Pradesh<ref name="twin town" />
|-
|[[Bangalore]] and [[Hosur]], Karnataka
|-
|[[Bishangarh]] and [[Jalore]], Rajasthan
|-
|[[Chümoukedima]] and [[Dimapur]], Nagaland
|-
|[[Cuttack]] and [[Bhubaneswar]], Odisha<ref name="twintown">{{cite web |url= http://www.walkthroughindia.com/walkthroughs/10-twin-towns-and-sister-cities-of-indian-states/|title= 10 Twin Towns and Sister Cities of Indian States|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website= walkthroughindia.com|date= 26 September 2013|access-date=9 January 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[Durg]] and [[Bhilai]], Chhattisgarh<ref name="twintown" />
|-
|[[Hubli]] and [[Dharwad]], Karnataka<ref name="twintown" />
|-
|[[Mysore]] and [[Srirangapatna]], Karnataka
|-
|[[Kankroli]] and [[Rajsamand]], Rajasthan<ref name="twintown" />
|-
|[[Kochi]] and [[Ernakulam]], Kerala<ref name="twintown" /><ref>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2006/06/01/stories/2006060103980800.htm Weather story from 2006] The Hindu Business Line.  Retrieved 2006-12-31</ref>
|-
|[[Coimbatore]] and [[Tiruppur]], Tamil Nadu
|-
|[[Kolkata]] and [[Howrah]], West Bengal<ref name=twintown/>
|-
|[[Mumbai]] and [[Navi Mumbai]], Maharashtra<ref name=twintown/>
|-
|[[Kalyan]] and [[Dombivli]], Maharashtra<ref name="twin town" />
|-
|[[Mira Road|Mira]] and [[Bhayandar]], Maharashtra<ref name=twintown/>
|-
|[[Vasai]] and [[Virar]], Maharashtra<ref name=twintown/>
|-
|[[Ambarnath]] and [[Badlapur]], Maharashtra<ref name=twintown/>
|-
|[[Pimpri]] and [[Chinchwad]], Maharashtra<ref name=twintown/>
|-
|[[Sangli]] and [[Miraj]], Maharashtra
|-
|[[Munger]] and [[Jamalpur, Munger|Jamalpur]], Bihar<ref name=twintown/>
|-
|[[Noida]] and [[Greater Noida]], Uttar Pradesh<ref name=twintown/>
|-
|[[Pondicherry]] and [[Cuddalore]]
|-
|[[Ranchi]] and [[Hatia]], Jharkhand<ref name=twintown/>
|-
|[[Surat]] and [[Navsari]], Gujarat
|-
|[[Sumerpur]] and [[Sheoganj]], Rajasthan
|-
|[[Thrissur]] and [[Guruvayur]], Kerala<ref name=twintown/>
|-
|[[Vijayawada]] and [[Guntur]], Andhra Pradesh<ref name=twintown/>
|-
|[[Bangarpet]] and [[Kolar Gold Fields]], Karnataka
|-
|[[Harihar]] and [[Davangere]], Karnataka
|-
|[[Shivamoga]] and [[Bhadravathi, Karnataka|Bhadravati]], Karnataka
|-
|[[Attur]] and [[Narasingapuram, Salem|Narasingapuram]], Tamil Nadu
|-
|[[Bhavani, Tamil Nadu|Bhavani]] and [[Komarapalayam]], Tamil Nadu
|-
|[[Dharmapuri]] and [[Nallampalli]], Tamil Nadu
|-
|[[Erode, Tamil Nadu|Erode]] and [[Pallipalayam]], Tamil Nadu
|-
|[[Namakkal]] and [[Karur]], Tamil Nadu
|-
|[[Tiruchirappalli]] and [[Srirangam]], Tamil Nadu
|-
|[[Tirunelveli]] and [[Palayamkottai]], Tamil Nadu<ref name=twintown/>
|-
|[[Hyderabad]] and [[Secunderabad]], Telangana
|-
|[[Asansol]] and [[Durgapur]], West Bengal
|-
|[[Barrackpore]] and [[Barasat]], West Bengal
|-
|[[Coochbehar]] and [[Alipurduar]], West Bengal
|-
|[[Jalpaiguri]] and [[Mainaguri]], West Bengal
|-
|[[Siliguri]] and [[Jalpaiguri City|Jalpaiguri]], West Bengal
|-
|[[Berhampore]] and [[Murshidabad]], West Bengal
|-
|[[Erbil]] and [[Mosul]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Iraq}}
|-
|[[Seleucia]] and [[Ctesiphon]]{{refn|Formed historic [[Al-Mada'in]].|group=n}}
|-
|[[Ramla]] and [[Lod]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Israel}}
|-
|[[Tel Aviv]] and [[Jaffa]]
|-
|[[Aomori (city)|Aomori]] and [[Hakodate]]
| rowspan="12" |{{flag|Japan}}
|-
|[[Kamisu]] and [[Kashima, Ibaraki|Kashima]]{{refn|Co-centers of a shared micropolitan area.|group=n}}
|-
|[[Kitakyushu]] and [[Shimonoseki]]
|-
|[[Kyoto]] and [[Otsu]]
|-
|[[Maebashi]] and [[Takasaki]]
|-
|[[Nasushiobara]] and [[Otawara]]{{refn|Co-centers of a shared micropolitan area.|group=n}}
|-
|[[Okayama]] and [[Kurashiki]]{{refn|Kurashiki is somewhat more of a suburb|group=n}}
|-
|[[Osaka]] and [[Sakai]]{{refn|Co-centers of a shared major metropolitan area. See [[Keihanshin]]|group=n}}
|-
|[[Sanjō, Niigata|Sanjo]] and [[Tsubame, Niigata|Tsubame]]
|-
|[[Toyohashi]] and [[Toyokawa]]
|-
|[[Tsukuba]] and [[Tsuchiura]]{{refn|Co-centers of a shared major metropolitan area.|group=n}}
|-
|[[Yokkaichi]] and [[Suzuka, Mie|Suzuka]]
|-
|[[Karagandy]] and [[Temirtau]]
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|-
|[[Beirut]] and [[Jounieh]], Lebanon
|{{flag|Lebanon}}
|-
|[[Kuala Lumpur]] and [[Putrajaya]], 
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|-
|[[Bharatpur, Nepal|Bharatpur]] and [[Gaindakot Municipality|Gaindakot]]
| rowspan="3" |{{flag|Nepal}}
|-
|[[Butwal]] and [[Tilottama Municipality|Tilottama]]
|-
|[[Nepalgunj]] and [[Kohalpur]]
|-
|[[Rason]] and [[Chongjin]]
|{{flag|North Korea}}
|-
|[[Jhelum]] and [[Sarai Alamgir]]
| rowspan="3" |{{flag|Pakistan}}
|-
|[[Peshawar]] and [[Mardan]]
|-
|[[Rawalpindi]] and [[Islamabad]]
|-
|[[Ramallah]] and [[al-Bireh]]
|{{flag|Palestine}}
|-
|[[Baguio]] and [[La Trinidad, Benguet|La Trinidad]]
| rowspan="10" |{{flag|Philippines}}
|-
|[[Bantay]] and [[Vigan]]
|-
|[[Bayombong]] and [[Solano, Nueva Vizcaya|Solano]]
|-
|[[Dagupan]] and [[Lingayen]]
|-
|[[Daraga]] and [[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi]]
|-
|[[Dipolog]] and [[Dapitan]]
|-
|[[Laoag]] and [[San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte|San Nicolas]]
|-
|[[Lemery, Batangas|Lemery]] and [[Taal, Batangas|Taal]]
|-
|[[Palo, Leyte|Palo]] and [[Tacloban]]
|-
|[[Santo Tomas, Batangas|Santo Tomas]] and [[Tanauan, Batangas|Batangas]]
|-
|[[Dammam]] and [[Khobar]]
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|-
|[[Seoul]] and [[Incheon]], South Korea
| rowspan="4" |{{flag|South Korea}}
|-
|[[Busan]] and [[Ulsan]], South Korea
|-
|[[Sejong City]] and [[Daejeon]], South Korea
|-
|[[Yangyang]] and [[Sokcho]], South Korea
|-
|[[Taipei]] and [[New Taipei]], Taiwan
|{{flag|Taiwan}}
|-
|[[Bangkok]] and [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]], Thailand
| rowspan="3" |{{flag|Thailand}}
|-
|[[Chiang Mai Province|Chiang Mai]] and [[Lamphun Province|Lamphun]], Thailand
|-
|[[Songkhla]] and [[Hatyai]], Thailand
|-
|[[Ho Chi Minh City]] and [[Binh Duong]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Vietnam}}
|-
|[[Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm|Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm]]
|}

===== Historic=====
{| class="wikitable"
! Twin towns!! Country 
|-
| [[Victoria, Hong Kong|Victoria]] and [[Kowloon]], [[British Hong Kong|colonial Hong Kong]]{{emdash}}although, in both colonial Hong Kong and the [[Hong Kong Special Administrative Region]], Victoria is the only city recognised by law; they were widely considered to be separate cities until at least the mid-1970s.<ref>[http://www.legco.gov.hk/1952/h520220.pdf] [http://www.legco.gov.hk/1952/h520319.pdf] [http://www.legco.gov.hk/1958/h580326.pdf] [http://www.legco.gov.hk/1966/h660224.pdf]  [http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr71-72/h720830.pdf] [http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr72-73/h730425.pdf] [http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr75-76/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h751022.pdf]</ref>
|{{flag|British Hong Kong}}
|-
| [[Wuhan]] (merger of [[Wuchang District|Wuchang]], [[Hankou]], [[Hanyang District|Hanyang]])
|{{flag|China}}
|-
| [[Chirala]]-[[Perala]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|India}}
|-
|[[Bangalore Cantonment]] and [[Bengaluru Pete]] along with their suburbs merged to form modern [[Bangalore]]
|-
| [[Fukuoka, Japan|Fukuoka]] (merger of east side of Naka river, Hakata, and the west side, Fukuoka)
| rowspan="4" |{{flag|Japan}}
|-
| [[Ise, Mie|Ise]] (merger of [[:ja:宇治 (伊勢市)|Uji]], [[:ja:山田 (伊勢市)|Yamada]])
|-
| [[Jōetsu, Niigata|Joetsu]] (merger of [[:ja:高田市|Takada]], [[:ja:直江津市|Naoetsu]])
|-
| [[Naha]] and [[Shuri, Okinawa]], once separate cities. Shuri became integrated as a district of Naha.
|-
| [[Saigon]] and [[Chợ Lớn, Ho Chi Minh City|Cholon]], merged into Saigon-Cholon, now [[Ho Chi Minh City]].
|{{flag|South Vietnam}}
|}

==== Europe ====

<!--this is an example of one which is not to be included in such lists as not usually referred to in double-barrelled form/without certain joint authorities/too great a [[buffer zone]]* Vienna, Austria and Bratislava, Slovakia http://www.twin-city.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=317&Itemid=98&lang=de Twin City Region: The Future of Central Europe - Europa Region Mitte. Twin-city.net (2004-11-05). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref>-->
<!--this is an example of town-level population in global terms, therefore being non-notable for this particular list-->
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Twin towns!! Country 
|-

| [[Nørresundby]] and [[Aalborg]]
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|-

|[[Kotka]] and [[Hamina]]
| {{flag|Finland}}
|-
| [[Frejus]] and [[Saint-Raphaël, Var|Saint-Raphaël]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|France}}
|-

| [[Lyon]] and [[Villeurbanne]]
|-

| [[Frankfurt]] and [[Offenbach, Germany|Offenbach]]
| rowspan="8" |{{flag|Germany}}
|-

| [[Ludwigshafen]] and [[Mannheim]]
|-

| [[Mainz]] and [[Wiesbaden]]
|-

| [[Mönchengladbach]] and [[Rheydt]]
|-

| [[Nuremberg]] and [[Fuerth]]
|-

| [[Sindelfingen]] and [[Böblingen]]
|-

| [[Ulm]] and [[Neu-Ulm]]
|-

| [[Villingen-Schwenningen]]
|-

|[[Ballybofey]] and [[Stranorlar]], in [[County Donegal]], Ireland are often called the Twin Towns and form the [[built up area (Ireland)|built up area]] of [[Ballybofey and Stranorlar]]
| {{flag|Ireland}}
|-

|[[Fredrikstad]] and [[Sarpsborg]]
| rowspan="3" | {{flag|Norway}}
|-

| [[Porsgrunn]] and [[Skien]]
|-

| [[Sandnes]] and [[Stavanger]]
|-

|[[Bydgoszcz]] and [[Toruń]]
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|Poland}}
|-

| [[Kalisz]] and [[Ostrów Wielkopolski]]
|-

|[[Porto]] and [[Vila Nova de Gaia]]
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|Portugal}}
|-

| [[Póvoa de Varzim]] and [[Vila do Conde]]
|-

|[[Novi Sad]] and [[Petrovaradin]], 
| rowspan="3" | {{flag|Serbia}}
|-

| [[Temerin]] and [[Bački Jarak]]
|-

| [[Zemun]] and [[New Belgrade]]
|-

|[[Alcobendas]] and [[San Sebastián de los Reyes]]
| rowspan="6" |{{flag|Spain}}
|-

| [[Aldaia]] and [[Alaquàs]]
|-

| [[Coslada]] and [[San Fernando de Henares]]
|-

| [[Elda]] and [[Petrer]]
|-
| [[Llombai]] and [[Catadau]]
|-
| [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] and [[San Cristóbal de la Laguna]]
|-
|[[Jönköping]] and [[Huskvarna]],
| {{flag|Sweden}}
|-
|[[Donetsk]] and [[Makiivka]]
| rowspan="4" | {{flag|Ukraine}}
|-
|[[Kramatorsk]] and [[Sloviansk]] 
|-
|[[Sievierodonetsk]] and [[Lysychansk]]
|-
|[[Pokrovsk, Ukraine|Pokrovsk]]  and [[Myrnohrad]] 
|-
| [[Brighton and Hove]]
| rowspan="7" |{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|-
| [[Chatham, Kent|Chatham]] and [[Rochester, Kent|Rochester]]<ref>"It's a wise man who knows where Chatham ends and Rochester begins." [[Charles Dickens]]</ref>
|-
| [[Leeds]] and [[Bradford]]
|-
| [[Manchester]] and [[City of Salford|Salford]]
|-
| [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] and [[Gateshead]]
|-
| [[Liverpool]] and [[Birkenhead]]
|-
| [[Warwick]] and [[Leamington Spa]]
|}

===== Historic =====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Twin towns!! Country 
|-
|[[Knokke]] and [[Heist-aan-Zee]]. United into [[Knokke-Heist]]||{{flag|Belgium}}
|-
|[[Gradec, Zagreb|Gradec]] and [[Kaptol, Zagreb|Kaptol]]. United into [[Zagreb]]|| {{flag|Croatia}}
|-
|[[Frýdek, Frýdek-Místek|Frýdek]] and Místek. United into [[Frýdek-Místek]]
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}
|-
|[[Barmen]] and [[Elberfeld]]. United into [[Wuppertal]].||{{flag|Germany}}
|-
|[[Kouvola]] and [[Kuusankoski]]. United into [[Kouvola]].||{{flag|Finland}}
|-
|[[West Berlin]], [[West Germany]] and [[East Berlin]]. United into [[Berlin]].||{{flag|East Germany}}
|-
|[[Buda]] and [[Pest, Hungary|Pest]]. United into [[Budapest]], ||{{flag|Hungary}}
|-
|[[Bielsko]] and Biała. United into [[Bielsko-Biała]].||{{flag|Poland}}
|-
|[[City of London]] and [[City of Westminster]]. Absorbed into [[London]].|| rowspan="2" | {{flag|United Kingdom}}
|-
|[[Berwick-upon-Tweed]] and [[Tweedmouth]], until the former was taken by England from Scotland.
|-
|[[Äänekoski]] and [[Suolahti]]. United into [[Äänekoski]].||{{flag|Finland}}
|}

====North America====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Twin towns!! Country 
|-
| [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]] and [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia|Dartmouth]] in [[Nova Scotia]]{{refn|Main cities of [[Metropolitan Halifax]], they are geographically separated by [[Halifax Harbour]]|group= n}}
| rowspan="4" |{{flag|Canada}}
|-
| [[Kitchener, Ontario|Kitchener]] and [[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]], [[Ontario]] 
|-
| [[Battleford, Saskatchewan|Battleford]] and [[North Battleford, Saskatchewan]] ''"The Battlefords"'' {{refn|Separated by the [[North Saskatchewan River]]. While the communities are commonly referred to by the collective "The Battlefords," they retain distinctive identities.|group= n}}
|-
|[[Toronto]] and [[Mississauga, Ontario|Mississauga]]
|-
| [[Texarkana, Arkansas]] and [[Texarkana, Texas]]{{refn|The cities meet at the border between [[Texas]] and [[Arkansas]], and their name is a portmanteau of those states' names as well as that of [[Louisiana]], whose border lies approximately 25 miles to the south. See [[Texarkana metropolitan area]] and [[Ark-La-Tex]].|group= n}}
| rowspan="41" |{{flag|United States}}
|-
| [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]] and [[Riverside, California|Riverside]], [[California]]
|-
| [[Fort Collins, Colorado|Fort Collins]] and [[Loveland, Colorado|Loveland]], [[Colorado]]
|-
| [[Hartford]] and [[New Britain, Connecticut]]
|-
| [[Fort Myers, Florida|Fort Myers]] and [[Cape Coral, Florida|Cape Coral]], [[Florida]]
|-
| [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]] and [[Miami, Florida|Miami]], [[Florida]]
|-
| [[St. Petersburg, Florida|St. Petersburg]] and [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]], [[Florida]]{{refn|Main cities of the [[Tampa Bay Area]].|group= n}} 
|-
| [[Augusta, Georgia]] and [[North Augusta, South Carolina]] 
|-
| [[Boulder, Colorado|Boulder]] and [[Longmont, Colorado]] 
|-
| [[Champaign, Illinois|Champaign]] and [[Urbana, Illinois]]{{refn|[[Champaign, Illinois|Champaign]] was originally known as ''West Urbana'' but has since outgrown its neighbor. See [[Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area]].|group= n}}
|-
|[[Bloomington, Illinois|Bloomington]] and [[Normal, Illinois]]
|-
|[[Waterloo, Iowa|Waterloo]] and [[Cedar Falls, Iowa]]
|-
|[[Bangor, Maine|Bangor]] and [[Brewer, Maine]]
|-
| [[Lewiston, Maine|Lewiston]] and [[Auburn, Maine]]{{refn|Also called the Twin Cities or L–A. See [[Lewiston–Auburn]]|group= n}}
|-
| [[Benton Harbor, Michigan|Benton Harbor]] and [[St. Joseph, Michigan]]
|-
| [[Montague, Michigan|Montague]] and [[Whitehall, Michigan]]
|-
| [[Houghton, Michigan|Houghton]] and [[Hancock, Michigan]]
|-
| [[Duluth, Minnesota]], and [[Superior, Wisconsin]]{{refn|Nicknamed the [[Twin Ports]], these form the world's largest freshwater port.|group= n}} 
|-
| [[Minneapolis]] and [[Saint Paul, Minnesota]]{{refn|Also known as the [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]]|group= n}}
|-
| [[Natchez, Mississippi]] and [[Vidalia, Louisiana]]{{refn|The cities are connected by two twin cantilever bridges which merge the two cities together as sister cities. The cities meet on the [[Mississippi]] and [[Louisiana]] state border and along the [[Mississippi River]] adjacent to each other. They both share long history together. Natchez, Mississippi is also a historical part of Concordia Parish, Louisiana, to which Vidalia is the seat of Concordia Parish. See [[Natchez–Vidalia Bridge]], [[Concordia Parish]] and [[Adams County, Mississippi]].|group= n}}
|-
| [[Crystal City, Missouri|Crystal City]] and [[Festus, Missouri]]
|-
| [[New York City|New York, New York]] and [[Jersey City, New Jersey]]
|-
| [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]] and [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]], [[North Carolina]]
|-
| [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem]] and [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]], [[North Carolina]] 
|-
| [[Piscataway, New Jersey|Piscataway]] and [[New Brunswick, New Jersey]]
|-
| [[Fargo, North Dakota]], and [[Moorhead, Minnesota]]{{refn|See [[Fargo–Moorhead]].|group=n}}
|-
| [[Grand Forks, North Dakota]]  and [[East Grand Forks, Minnesota]]
|-
| [[Cincinnati|Cincinnati, Ohio]] and [[Covington, Kentucky]]
|-
| [[Portland, Oregon]] and [[Vancouver, Washington]]
|-
| [[Delmar, Maryland]] and [[Delmar, Delaware]]
|-
| [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]] and [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania]]{{refn|The core cities of the [[Wyoming Valley]] in northeastern Pennsylvania.|group= n}} 
|-
| [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]] and [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania]]
|-
| [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]] and [[Spartanburg, South Carolina]]{{refn|The two largest cities of [[Upstate South Carolina]]. Their shared international airport is named after both cities ([[Greenville–Spartanburg International Airport]]).|group=n}}
|-
| [[Bristol, Tennessee]] and [[Bristol, Virginia]]
|-
| [[Memphis, Tennessee]] and [[West Memphis, Arkansas]]
|-
| [[Dallas]] and [[Fort Worth, Texas]]{{refn|Twin cores of the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|Metroplex]] of northern [[Texas]].|group= n}}
|-
| [[Midland, Texas|Midland]] and [[Odessa, Texas]]{{refn|Nicknamed the [[Midland–Odessa combined statistical area|Petroplex]] in a nod to the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|DFW region]]'s nickname, as well as its strong reliance on the oil industry.|group=n}} 
|-
| [[Bluefield, Virginia]] and [[Bluefield, West Virginia]] 
|-
| [[Neenah]] and [[Menasha, Wisconsin]]
|-
| [[Marinette, Wisconsin]], and [[Menominee, Michigan]]
|-
| [[Seattle]] and [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
|}

===== Historic =====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Twin city!! Country
|-
| [[Lloydminster]], [[Alberta]]/[[Saskatchewan]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Canada}}
|-
| [[Thunder Bay]], [[Ontario]]{{refn|Fort William and Port Arthur amalgamated|group= n}}
|-
|[[Saginaw, Michigan|Saginaw]] and [[East Saginaw, Michigan]]{{refn|East Saginaw annexed by Saginaw in 1889.|group= n}}
|{{flag|United States}}
|-
| [[Stanwood, Washington|Stanwood]] and [[East Stanwood, Washington|East Stanwood]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]]{{refn|The two Stanwoods consolidated in 1960.|group= n}}
|{{flag|United States}}
|-
| [[Brooklyn]] and [[New York City]], New York{{refn|Prior to [[City of Greater New York|their consolidation into a single city]] in 1898 - as noted in the poem "[[The New Colossus]]", which is inscribed on a plaque at the [[Statue of Liberty]].|group= n}}
|{{flag|United States}}
|}

====South America====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Twin cities!! Country
|-
|[[Carmen de Patagones]] and [[Viedma]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Argentina }}
|-
|[[Paraná, Entre Ríos]] and [[Santa Fe, Argentina|Santa Fe]]
|-
|[[Americana, São Paulo]] and [[Santa Bárbara d'Oeste]]
| rowspan="5" |{{flag|Brazil}}
|-
|[[Juazeiro]] and [[Petrolina]]
|-
|[[Olinda]] and [[Recife]]
|-
|[[Vila Velha]] and [[Vitória, Brazil|Vitória]]
|-
|[[Ponta Porã]] and  [[Mato Grosso do Sul]] 
|-
|[[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] and [[Talcahuano]]
| rowspan="3" |{{flag|Chile}}
|-
|[[Coquimbo]] and [[La Serena, Chile|La Serena]]
|-
|[[Valparaiso]] and [[Viña del Mar]]
|-
| [[Pedro Juan Caballero, Paraguay|Pedro Juan Caballero]] and [[Amambay Department|Amambay]]
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|-
|[[Callao]] and [[Lima]]
|{{flag|Peru }}
|-

|[[Acarigua]] and [[Araure]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Venezuela }}
|-
|[[Guarenas]] and [[Guatire]]
|}

==== Oceania ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Twin city!! Country
|-
| [[Albury]] and [[Wodonga]] || rowspan="9" |{{flag|Australia}}
|-
| [[Canberra]] and [[Queanbeyan]] 
|-
| [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]] and [[Palmerston, Northern Territory|Palmerston]] 
|-
| [[Forster, New South Wales|Forster]] and [[Tuncurry]] 
|-
| [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]] and [[Tweed Heads]] 
|-
| [[Harden, New South Wales|Harden]] and [[Murrumburrah]] 
|-
| [[Kalgoorlie]] and [[Boulder, Western Australia|Boulder]]

|-
| [[Perth]] and [[Fremantle]]
|-
| [[Townsville]] and [[Thuringowa]]
|-
| [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]] and [[Hastings, New Zealand|Hastings]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}
|}

== Tri-cities ==
{{Main|Tri-Cities (disambiguation)}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Border towns!! Bordering countries
|-
|[[Brisbane]]; [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]]; and [[Sunshine Coast, Queensland|Sunshine Coast]], [[Queensland]]— see [[South East Queensland]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Australia}}
|-
|[[Sydney]]; [[Wollongong]]; and [[Newcastle, Australia|Newcastle]], in the geological region known as the [[Sydney Basin]]
|-
|The Tri-cities of British Columbia consist of Coquitlam, Port Coquitlam, and Port Moody
| rowspan="3" |{{flag|Canada}}
|-
|The Tri-citites of [[Kitchener, Ontario|Kitchener]]; [[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]]; and [[Cambridge, Ontario|Cambridge]], Ontario, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the K-W Tri-City Area
|-
|Tri-Town, Ontario- [[Cobalt, Ontario|Cobalt]], [[Haileybury, Ontario|Haileybury]] and [[Temiskaming Shores, Ontario|New Liskeard]]
|-
|[[Xiamen]], [[Quanzhou]], [[Zhangzhou]], Fujian
|{{flag|China}}
|-
|[[Wuppertal]], [[Remscheid]], [[Solingen]], Rhineland, originally a quad-city until 1929, when [[Elberfeld]] and [[Barmen]] merged to form Wuppertal
|{{flag|Germany}}
|-
|[[Chandigarh]]; [[Mohali]]; and [[Panchkula]]<ref>{{cite news |date=Jan 6, 2014 |title= Tricity residents to get Emaar MGF's Central Plaza soon|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/tricity-residents-to-get-emaar-mgf-s-central-plaza-soon/1216018 |newspaper= [[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]}}</ref>
| rowspan="5" |{{flag|India}}
|-
|[[Vijayawada]]; [[Amaravati (capital city)|Amaravati]]; and [[Guntur]]
|-
|[[Chennai]],[[Avadi]] and [[Tambaram]]
|-
|[[Ranipet]], [[Walajapet]] and [[Arcot, Tamil Nadu|Arcot]]
|-
|[[Warangal]]; [[Hanamkonda]]; [[Kazipet]] — see [[Warangal Tri-City]]
|-
|[[Kyoto]]; [[Osaka]]; [[Kobe]] - see [[Keihanshin]]
|{{flag|Japan}}
|-
|[[Parit Buntar]], [[Perak]]; [[Nibong Tebal]], [[Penang]]; and [[Bandar Baharu District|Bandar Baharu]], [[Kedah]]
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|-
|[[Guadalajara]]; [[Tlaquepaque]]; [[Zapopan]], Jalisco
|{{flag|Mexico}}
|-
|[[Bhaktapur]]; [[Kathmandu]]; and [[Patan, Nepal|Patan]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Nepal}}
|-
|[[Tricity, Nepal|Tricity]], consisting of the cities of [[Baglung]], [[Beni, Myagdi|Beni]] and [[Kushma]]
|-
|[[Bacolod]]; [[Silay]]; [[Talisay, Negros Occidental|Talisay]]
| rowspan="3" |{{flag|Philippines}}
|-
|[[Cebu City]]; [[Mandaue]]; and [[Lapu-Lapu City]]
|-
|[[Angeles City]]; [[Mabalacat]]; and [[San Fernando, Pampanga|San Fernando]]
|-
|[[Gdańsk]]; [[Gdynia]]; and [[Sopot]] — see [[Tricity, Poland|Tricity]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Poland}}
|-
|[[Wejherowo]]; [[Rumia]]; and [[Reda, Poland|Reda]] — see [[Kashubian Tricity]]
|-
|The [[Dammam metropolitan area]], consisting of [[Dammam]]; [[Dhahran]]; and [[Khobar]]
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
|-
|The metropolitan municipalities of [[Johannesburg]], [[Tshwane]] ([[Pretoria]]) and [[Ekurhuleni]] ([[East Rand]]), [[Gauteng]] Province
| rowspan="3" |{{flag|South Africa}}
|-
|[[Gqeberha]] ([[Port Elizabeth]]), [[Kariega]] ([[Uitenhage]]) and [[Despatch, Eastern Cape|Despatch]] in [[Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality]], [[Eastern Cape]] Province
|-
|[[East London, Eastern Cape|East London]], [[Bhisho]] and [[Qonce]] ([[King William's Town]]) in [[Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality]], Eastern Cape Province
|-
|[[Khartoum]]; [[North Khartoum]]; and [[Omdurman]]
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|-
|[[Stockholm]]; [[Solna]]; and [[Sundbyberg]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|Sweden}}
|-
|[[Trollhättan]]; [[Uddevalla]]; and [[Vänersborg]]
|-
|The [[Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area]], consisting of [[Dubai]]; [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]]; and [[Ajman]], United Arab Emirates
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|-
|[[Burbank, California|Burbank]]; [[Glendale, California|Glendale]]; and [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]], in [[Los Angeles County, California]]
| rowspan="25" |{{flag|United States}}
|-
|[[Fremont, California|Fremont]]; [[Newark, California|Newark]]; and [[Union City, California|Union City]], in [[Alameda County, California]]
|-
|[[Oceanside, California|Oceanside]]; [[Vista, California|Vista]]; and [[Carlsbad, California|Carlsbad]], in [[San Diego County, California]]
|-
|[[Riverside, California|Riverside]]; [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]]; and [[Ontario, California|Ontario]], California, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the [[Inland Empire]]
|-
|[[San Jose, California|San Jose]]; [[San Francisco]]; and [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California{{refn|the principal cities of the [[San Francisco Bay]] area.|group= n}}
|- [[Miami,Florida|Miami]];  [[West Palm Beach,Florida|West Palm Beach]]; [[Fort Lauderdale,Florida|Fort Lauderdale]];
|-
|[[College Park, Georgia|College Park]]; [[East Point, Georgia|East Point]]; and [[Hapeville, Georgia]], all of which are near [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport]]
|-
|[[Bay City, Michigan|Bay City]]; [[Saginaw, Michigan|Saginaw]]; and [[Midland, Michigan|Midland]], Michigan, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called [[Tri-Cities (Michigan)|the Greater Tri Cities, the Great Lakes Bay Region]] or the MBS region

|-
|[[Ferrysburg, Michigan|Ferrysburg]]; [[Grand Haven, Michigan|Grand Haven]]; and [[Spring Lake, Michigan|Spring Lake]], Michigan
|-
|[[Iron River, Michigan|Iron River]], [[Caspian, Michigan|Caspian]], and [[Gaastra, Michigan|Gaastra]], Michigan
|-
|[[Ironwood, Michigan|Ironwood]]; [[Bessemer, Michigan|Bessemer]]; and [[Wakefield, Michigan|Wakefield]], Michigan
|-
|[[Grand Island, Nebraska|Grand Island]]; [[Kearney, Nebraska|Kearney]]; and [[Hastings, Nebraska|Hastings]], in south-central Nebraska, also known as [[Tri-Cities, Nebraska]]
|-
|[[Rochester, New Hampshire|Rochester]]; [[Dover, New Hampshire|Dover]]; and [[Somersworth, New Hampshire]]
|-
|[[Farmington, New Mexico|Farmington]]; [[Bloomfield, New Mexico|Bloomfield]]; and [[Aztec, New Mexico]]
|-
|[[Albany, New York|Albany]], [[Troy, New York|Troy]], and [[Schenectady, New York|Schenectady]], New York, in the region known as the [[Capital District, New York|Capital District]]
|-
|[[Binghamton, New York|Binghamton]]; [[Endicott, New York|Endicott]]; and [[Johnson City, New York|Johnson City]], New York, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the [[Triple Cities]]
|-
|[[New York, New York]]; [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]; and [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], New Jersey
|-
|[[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]]; [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem]]; and [[High Point, North Carolina|High Point]], North Carolina, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the [[Piedmont Triad]]
|-
|[[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]]; [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]]; and [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]], North Carolina, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the [[Research Triangle]]
|-
|[[Tuttle, Oklahoma|Tuttle]]; [[Newcastle, Oklahoma|Newcastle]]; and [[Blanchard, Oklahoma]], also known as the Tri-City Area
|-
|[[Johnson City, Tennessee|Johnson City]]; [[Kingsport, Tennessee|Kingsport]]; and [[Bristol, Tennessee]]/[[Bristol, Virginia]], also known as [[Tri-Cities, Tennessee]]
|-
|[[Beaumont, Texas|Beaumont]]; [[Port Arthur, Texas|Port Arthur]]; and [[Orange, Texas]], also known as the [[Golden Triangle (Texas)]]
|-
|[[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]]; [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]]; and [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]], Texas
|-
|[[Petersburg, Virginia|Petersburg]]; [[Colonial Heights, Virginia|Colonial Heights]]; and [[Hopewell, Virginia|Hopewell]], Virginia, also known as [[Tri-Cities, Virginia]]
|-
|[[Pasco, Washington|Pasco]]; [[Richland, Washington|Richland]]; and [[Kennewick, Washington|Kennewick]], Washington, also known as [[Tri-Cities, Washington]]
|-
|[[Washington, D.C.]], [[Alexandria, Virginia]], and [[Arlington County, Virginia]]
|}

== Quad cities ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Border towns!! Bordering countries
|-
|[[Xinhui]], [[Taishan, Guangdong|Taishan]], [[Kaiping]], and [[Enping]] together formed [[Siyi]] area in [[Jiangmen]], [[Guangdong]]
|{{flag|China}}
|-
|[[Helsinki]], [[Espoo]], [[Kauniainen]] and [[Vantaa]] in [[Uusimaa]]; together form the largest metropolis in the country and its actual capital area.
|{{flag|Finland}}
|-
|[[Pattaya-Chonburi Metropolitan Area]] consists of the [[Pattaya|City of Pattaya]], [[Chonburi (city)|Town of Chonburi]], [[Laem Chabang|Portal town of Laem Chabang]] and [[Sattahip|Town of Sattahip]] on the west coast of [[Chonburi Province]], Thailand
|{{flag|Thailand}}
|-
|The [[West Yorkshire Built-up Area]] consists of the cities of [[Leeds]], [[Bradford]] and [[Wakefield]], and the large town of [[Huddersfield]], United Kingdom.
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|-
|The [[Florence-Muscle Shoals Metropolitan Area]] in Alabama, is locally referred to as "the Quad Cities", with [[Florence, Alabama|Florence]], [[Muscle Shoals, Alabama|Muscle Shoals]], [[Sheffield, Alabama|Sheffield]], and [[Tuscumbia, Alabama|Tuscumbia]], Alabama. Formerly, when Muscle Shoals was a mere village, this region was known as "Tri-Cities", Alabama. In fact, all except Florence are incorporated as towns.
| rowspan="5" |{{flag|United States}}
|-
|[[Quad Cities]] of [[Davenport, Iowa|Davenport]] and [[Bettendorf, Iowa|Bettendorf]], Iowa, and [[Rock Island, Illinois|Rock Island]] and [[Moline, Illinois|Moline]], Illinois. It also includes a fifth member, [[East Moline, Illinois]].
|-
|[[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]]/[[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]], Pennsylvania and [[Easton, Pennsylvania]]/[[Phillipsburg, New Jersey]]; the collective area is often called the [[Lehigh Valley]]
|-
|The [[Quad Cities (Minnesota)|Quad Cities]] of Minnesota, consist of [[Virginia, Minnesota|Virginia]], [[Eveleth, Minnesota|Eveleth]], [[Gilbert, Minnesota|Gilbert]], and [[Mountain Iron, Minnesota|Mountain Iron]].
|-
|The cities of [[Pullman, Washington]], [[Moscow, Idaho]], [[Lewiston, Idaho]] and [[Clarkston, Washington]], have marketed themselves as "Quad Cities."<ref>{{cite news |title=Quad Cities too generic a name for ID, WA cities |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2011724084_apidquadcitiesmoniker1stldwritethru.html |newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=28 April 2010 |access-date=22 January 2013}}</ref>
|}

== More than four cities ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Border towns!! Country
|-
|The [[Triangle Region (Denmark)|Triangle Region]], consisting of [[Billund Municipality|Billund]], [[Fredericia Municipality|Fredericia]], [[Haderslev Municipality|Haderslev]], [[Kolding Municipality|Kolding]], [[Middelfart Municipality|Middelfart]], [[Vejen Municipality|Vejen]] and [[Vejle Municipality|Vejle]].
|{{flag|Denmark}}
|-
|The [[Ruhr]] district consisting of [[Dortmund]], [[Essen]], [[Duisburg]], [[Bochum]], [[Oberhausen]], [[Mülheim]], [[Bottrop]], [[Gelsenkirchen]] and [[Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia|Herne]] in its core.
|{{flag|Germany}}
|-
|The cities of [[New Delhi]], [[Noida]], [[Greater Noida]], [[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh|Ghaziabad]], [[Gurgaon]] and [[Faridabad]] have formed a huge metropolitan area known as [[National Capital Region (India)]].
|rowspan="2"|{{flag|India}}
|-
|The cities of [[Mumbai]], [[Thane]], [[Navi Mumbai]], [[Kalyan-Dombivli]], [[Mira-Bhayandar]], [[Vasai-Virar]], [[Panvel]], [[Bhiwandi]], [[Ulhasnagar]], [[Ambarnath]] and [[Badlapur]] have formed a huge [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]].
|-
|The cities of [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Petaling Jaya]], [[Subang Jaya]], [[Puchong]], [[Shah Alam]], [[Klang (city)|Klang]], [[Port Klang]], [[Putrajaya]], [[Cyberjaya]] and [[Kajang]] have formed a huge metropolitan area (around the size of Singapore) known as [[Greater Kuala Lumpur]].
|{{flag|Malaysia}}
|-
|The cities of [[Karaganda]], [[Temirtau]], [[Shakhtinsk]], [[Abai (city)|Abai]], [[Saran, Kazakhstan|Saran]], [[Topar]], [[Dolinka, Kazakhstan|Dolinka]], [[Shahan, Kazakhstan|Shahan]], [[Kokpekti District|Kokpekti]], and [[Novodolinsky]] form an industrial-mining area known since Soviet times as Karbass (Karaganda coal basin).
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|-
|[[Illinois]] and [[Iowa]]: The cities of [[Davenport, Iowa|Davenport]] and [[Bettendorf, Iowa|Bettendorf]] in Iowa; [[Rock Island, Illinois|Rock Island]], [[Moline, Illinois|Moline]] and [[East Moline, Illinois|East Moline]] in Illinois form a metropolitan area known as the [[Quad Cities]].
| rowspan="3" |{{flag|United States}}
|-
|[[Michigan]] and [[Wisconsin]] include the 6 cities of [[Iron Mountain, Michigan|Iron Mountain]], [[Kingsford, Michigan|Kingsford]], [[Quinnesec, Michigan|Quinnesec]] (in Michigan), [[Aurora, Florence County, Wisconsin|Aurora]], and [[Niagara, Wisconsin|Niagara]] (in Wisconsin). The area is collectively known as the [[Iron Mountain micropolitan area|Iron Mountain Area]].
|-
|[[Virginia]]: [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk]], [[Chesapeake, Virginia|Chesapeake]], [[Hampton, Virginia|Hampton]], [[Newport News, Virginia|Newport News]], [[Portsmouth, Virginia|Portsmouth]], [[Suffolk, Virginia|Suffolk]], and [[Virginia Beach]]; the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called [[Hampton Roads]]
|}

== Examples of cities formed by amalgamation ==

=== Asia ===
:'''China'''
:* [[Wuhan]] in China consists of the towns of [[Wuchang District|Wuchang]], [[Hankou District|Hankou]], and [[Hanyang District|Hanyang]] in [[Hubei Province]].
:'''India'''
:* [[Delhi]]: What used to be [[Old Delhi]], [[New Delhi]], and a collection of smaller villages has now grown into the current [[megalopolis]] that is seen today, also known as the [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region (NCR)]]
:* In [[Telangana]], the cities of [[Hyderabad]] and [[Secunderabad]] are merged to form [[Greater Hyderabad]].
:'''Japan'''
:* [[Fukuoka]] in Japan, a city of 1.4 million people, formerly the twin cities of Hakata and Fukuoka until the late 19th century.
:* [[Kitakyushu]] in Japan, a city of 900,000 people, created in 1963 by the merger of Yahata, Kokura, Moji, Wakamatsu, and Tobata.  Yahata and Kokura had formerly been major cities in their own right.
:* [[Saitama, Saitama|Saitama]] in Japan, a city of 1.2 million people, created in 2001 by the merger of the cities of Urawa, Omiya, Yono, and later Iwatsuki.  Urawa and Omiya could formerly have been considered twin cities.
:'''Pakistan'''
:* [[Islamabad]], the capital city of [[Pakistan]], has been expanded to include smaller towns including [[Rawat, Murree|Rawat]] in its territory. 
:* [[Lahore]], the second largest city of [[Pakistan]], has, as of 2013, grown out so much that small towns by this giant city, such as [[Shahdara Bagh|Shahdara]], have been absorbed in its city limits.
:'''Taiwan'''
:* The former cities of [[Taoyuan District|Taoyuan]] and [[Zhongli District|Zhongli]], [[Taiwan]], which merged along with the entire county in 2014 to form a single municipality city of Taoyuan, the two cities sit directly next to each other and shares almost the same population.
:'''Thailand'''
:* [[Bangkok]], the capital and largest city of Thailand, was created in 1971, when the previous Bangkok province (Phra Nakhon) was merged with [[Thonburi]] province.
:'''Vietnam'''
:* The cities of [[Saigon]] and [[Chợ Lớn, Ho Chi Minh City|Cholon]] merged in 1931 to form a single city named Saigon-Cholon; in 1956, the name Cholon was dropped and the city became known as Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City).
:* The city of [[Hà Đông district|Hà Đông]], capital of [[Hà Tây province|Hà Tây Province]] was merged into [[Hà Nội]] upon the latter's amalgamation into Hà Nội in August 2008. Since then, Hà Đông became an urban district (''quận'') of Hà Nội.

=== Europe ===
:'''Germany'''
:* [[Berlin]] (Berlin and [[Cölln]]), in Germany
:* [[Duisburg]] (Duisburg and [[Hamborn]], 1929–1935 called ''Duisburg-Hamborn''), in North Rhine-Westphalia
:* [[Wuppertal]] ([[Barmen]] and [[Elberfeld]]), in North Rhine-Westphalia
:'''Greece'''
:* [[Athens]] incorporated dozens of villages and towns and absorbed whole of Athens basin and parts outside of it, notably [[Piraeus]].
:'''Hungary'''
:* [[Budapest]], Hungary is the amalgamation of [[Buda]], [[Pest (city)|Pest]] and [[Óbuda]].
:'''The Netherlands'''
:* [[Eindhoven]], the Netherlands, merged with five neighbouring municipalities ([[Woensel]], [[Tongelre]], [[Stratum]], [[Gestel en Blaarthem]] and [[Strijp]]) into the new Groot-Eindhoven ("Greater Eindhoven") in 1920. The prefix "Groot-" was later dropped.
:'''Spain'''
:* [[Madrid]], evolved by absorption of other towns (like [[Tetuán de las Victorias]], [[Vallecas]], [[Chamartín de la Rosa]] or [[Aravaca]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grijalvo.com/Madrid/G_Barrios_Madrid_antes_municipios.htm|title = Juan Manuel Grijalvo - Madrid - Barrios desaparecidos y actuales - Antiguos municipios independientes}}</ref>
:'''United Kingdom'''
:* [[Edinburgh]], Scotland, absorbed a number of surrounding villages, but most notably the separate burgh of [[Leith]].
:* [[London]], grew from its cores in the [[City of London]] and the [[City of Westminster]] to encompass many other towns and villages within neighbouring counties and absorbed almost the whole of [[Middlesex|Middlesex county]].
:* [[Manchester]] and the [[city of Salford]] in the [[Metropolitan Counties of England|Metropolitan County]] of [[Greater Manchester]] (formerly in Lancashire).
:* [[Stoke-on-Trent]] was created in 1910 from the towns of [[Burslem]], [[Hanley, Staffordshire|Hanley]], [[Tunstall, Staffordshire|Tunstall]], [[Longton, Staffordshire|Longton]], [[Fenton, Staffordshire|Fenton]] and [[Stoke-upon-Trent|Stoke]], taking its name from the latter. Neighbouring [[Newcastle-under-Lyme]] remains a separate town.

=== North America ===
<!-- Please don't list cases where a large city absorbed a much smaller one - this is not what is meant by consolidated cities -->
:'''Canada'''
:* [[Port Alberni, British Columbia]], Canada, was formed in 1967 when Alberni and Port Alberni, merged to become one city.
:* [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]], Canada, amalgamated with [[Subdivisions of Winnipeg#Unicity|12 surrounding municipalities]] and its [[Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg|metropolitan corporation]] in 1971 under what was referred to as [[Amalgamation of Winnipeg|unicity]] reforms in local government restructuring.
:* [[City of Halifax|Halifax]] and [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia|Dartmouth]], Nova Scotia, Canada, were merged in 1996 along with [[Bedford, Nova Scotia|Bedford]] and [[Halifax County, Nova Scotia|Halifax County]] to create the [[Halifax Regional Municipality]].
:* [[Greater Sudbury]], Ontario, Canada, was formed in 2001 by the amalgamation of the former [[Regional Municipality of Sudbury]], comprising the municipalities of [[Urban neighbourhoods of Sudbury|Sudbury]], [[Nickel Centre]], [[Valley East]], [[Capreol]], [[Rayside-Balfour]], [[Onaping Falls]] and [[Walden, Ontario|Walden]], plus a number of previously unamalgamated townships. The amalgamation made it the most populous city in the [[Northern Ontario]] region.
:* [[Kingston, Ontario]], Canada, was amalgamated in 1998 with the neighboring Kingston and Pittsburgh Townships.
:* [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], Canada, was given its large area by the amalgamation in 2001 of the old [[Ottawa|City of Ottawa]], the [[suburb]]s of [[Nepean, Ontario|Nepean]], [[Kanata, Ontario|Kanata]], [[Gloucester, Ontario|Gloucester]], [[Rockcliffe Park, Ontario|Rockcliffe Park]], [[Vanier, Ontario|Vanier]] and [[Cumberland, Ontario (city)|Cumberland]], [[Orleans, Ontario|Orleans]], and the rural townships of [[West Carleton Township, Ontario|West Carleton]], [[Osgoode Township, Ontario|Osgoode]], [[Rideau Township, Ontario|Rideau]], and [[Goulbourn Township, Ontario|Goulbourn]]
:* [[Toronto]], Ontario, Canada, formed by an [[Amalgamation of Toronto|amalgamation]] of the [[Old Toronto]] with [[East York]], [[Etobicoke]], [[North York]], [[Scarborough, Toronto|Scarborough]] and [[York, Toronto|York]], which were themselves products of earlier amalgamations.
:* [[Thunder Bay]], [[Ontario]], Canada ([[Fort William, Ontario|Fort William]] and [[Port Arthur, Ontario|Port Arthur]]).
:* [[Gatineau]], [[Quebec]], Canada, formed by the amalgamation of the old [[Gatineau|City of Gatineau]], [[Hull, Quebec|City of Hull]], [[Aylmer, Quebec|City of Aylmer]], [[Buckingham, Quebec|City of Buckingham]] and the [[Masson-Angers|Municipality of Masson-Angers]] all facing the [[Ottawa|City of Ottawa]], [[Ontario]] from the north shore of the [[Ottawa River]].
:* [[Montreal]], Quebec, Canada, was merged with the other 27 communities on the Island of Montreal by an act in the Quebec Parliament in 2002. Following a change in the provincial government, several communities later voted via referendum to de-merge and there are now a total of 15, leaving Montreal merged with the other 12.
:* [[Saguenay, Quebec]], Canada ([[Chicoutimi]], [[Jonquière]], et al.)
:* [[Lloydminster]], Canada, on the [[Saskatchewan]]-[[Alberta]] border, was formed as a single entity in 1903, when both future provinces were part of the [[Northwest Territories]], but was divided into two separate entities in 1905 because the border between the newly created provinces bisected the community. In 1930, the two towns were reunited as a single town under the shared jurisdiction of both provinces, and Lloydminster was reincorporated as a single city in 1958.
:'''United States'''
:* [[Helena–West Helena, Arkansas]] was formed in 2006 by the merger of the previous cities of [[Helena, Arkansas|Helena]] and [[West Helena, Arkansas|West Helena]].
:* [[Fremont, California]] was formed in 1956 by the combination of the five towns of Centerville, Irvington, Niles, Mission San Jose, and Warm Springs, [[California]]. The town of [[Newark, California|Newark]] has always refused to merge into Fremont, and Newark is completely surrounded by Fremont.
:* [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]] is made up of the former towns of Boston, Dorchester, Brighton, Roxbury, Charlestown, and Hyde Park.
:* [[Iron River, Michigan]] absorbed the nearby city of [[Stambaugh, Michigan|Stambaugh]] and village of [[Mineral Hills, Michigan|Mineral Hills]] in July 2000.
:* [[Minneapolis]], Minnesota. St. Anthony (not to be confused with [[St. Anthony Village, Minnesota|St. Anthony Village]], a modern city which is a [[suburb]]) was a twin city to Minneapolis in the two cities' youth. Minneapolis annexed St. Anthony in the late 1800s.
:* [[Park Hills, Missouri]] was formed in 1994 by a four-way municipal merger involving the cities of Flat River, Elvins, and Esther, plus the village of Rivermines.
:* [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], New Jersey, was incorporated in 1820, and slowly grew by annexing surrounding municipalities: Van Vorst Twp. (1851), Bergen City (1869), Hudson City (1869), Bergen Twp. (1869) and finally Greenville Twp. (1873).
:* [[New York City]], New York (five boroughs, historically especially between Manhattan and Brooklyn)
:* What is now the city of [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina]] was once two separate towns called Winston and Salem that were combined into one.{{refn|Nicknamed the Twin City.|group= n}}
:* [[Cleveland]] (Cleveland and [[Ohio City, Cleveland|Ohio City]]) in [[Ohio]]
:* [[Lincoln City, Oregon]] was formed in 1965 by merging the extant seaside towns of Oceanlake, Delake, and Taft, with the adjoining unincorporated areas of Nelscott and Cutler City.
:* [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania]], which absorbed the cities of South Bethlehem, and West Bethlehem.  The former Bethlehem and South Bethlehem are situated in [[Northampton County, Pennsylvania|Northampton County]], and West Bethlehem is in [[Lehigh County, Pennsylvania|Lehigh County]].  As a result, present-day Bethlehem straddles the county line.
:* [[Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania, annexed [[Allegheny, Pennsylvania|Allegheny City]], which is now the [[North Side (Pittsburgh)|quarter of the city]] that lies north of the Allegheny and Ohio rivers. Also annexed was Birmingham, now referred to as the "South Side".
:* [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]] (Richmond and [[Manchester, Virginia|Manchester]]) in central Virginia
:* [[Bellingham, Washington]] was formed from four cities, [[Fairhaven, Washington|Fairhaven]], Sehome, Bellingham and Whatcom.

== Fictional twin cities ==
* [[Ankh-Morpork]], from [[Terry Pratchett]]'s ''[[Discworld]]'' novels, is referred to as "the twin cities of proud Ankh and pestilent Morpork"<ref>See e.g. the introduction of The Hogfather [[q:Terry Pratchett's Hogfather]]</ref>
* Besźel and Ul Qoma in [[China Miéville]]'s novel ''[[The City & the City]]'' are intertwined twin city-states in Eastern Europe whose inhabitants have trained themselves to only see the city they live in and unsee the city they don't.
* [[Central City (DC Comics)|Central City]] and [[Keystone City]], from the current [[Flash (DC Comics character)|''Flash'' comics]], are shown as twin cities. Before the 1985-86 miniseries ''[[Crisis on Infinite Earths]]'', Central and Keystone are presented as located in the same space but on different [[Parallel universe (fiction)|parallel Earths]].<ref>''The Flash'' (volume 1) #123, [[DC Comics]], September 1961</ref>
* [[Duckburg]] and St. Canard were depicted in the cartoon ''[[Darkwing Duck]]'' as sister cities connected by a bridge, very similar to [[Oakland]] and [[San Francisco]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pajiba.com/miscellaneous/nerd-rabbit-hole-a-guide-to-disneys-duck-universe.php|title=Nerd Rabbit Hole: A Guide To Disney's Duck Universe|last=Starr|first=Joe|date=2015-08-05|work=Pajiba|access-date=2018-05-10|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/san-francisco%E2%80%93oakland-bay-bridge|title=San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge|website=www.visitcalifornia.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-10}}</ref>
* [[Gotham City]] (the home of [[Batman]]) and [[Metropolis (comics)|Metropolis]] (the home of [[Superman]]) have sometimes been presented as twin cities, mainly in 1970s and 1980s stories by [[DC Comics]]. In stories presenting them as twin cities, Gotham City and Metropolis are located on opposite sides of a large [[bay]] (identified as [[Delaware Bay]] in 1990's ''[[The Atlas of the DC Universe]]''), with both cities linked by the Metro-Narrows Bridge,<ref>''[[Action Comics]]'' #451, [[DC Comics]], September 1975</ref> a [[suspension bridge]] resembling New York City's [[Verrazano-Narrows Bridge]].<ref>''New Adventures of [[Superboy]]'' #22, [[DC Comics]], October 1981</ref><ref>''[[World's Finest Comics]]'' #259, [[DC Comics]], October–November 1979</ref>
* Helium, from the ''[[Barsoom]]'' series of novels by [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]], consists of the twin cities Greater Helium and Lesser Helium.<ref>Burroughs, Edgar Rice (1917). ''[[A Princess of Mars]]''. [[A. C. McClurg|A. C. McClurg & Co]]. pp. 279–80, 305, 313–14.</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of divided cities]]
* [[Cross-border town naming]]
* [[Megacity]]
* [[List of metropolitan areas that overlap multiple countries]]
* [[Ecumenopolis]]
* [[Metropolis]]
* [[Megalopolis (city type)|Megalopolis]]
* [[Sister city]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=n|33em}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|33em}}

{{Cities}}

[[Category:Twin cities| ]]