View source for Voiceless palatal plosive

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨c⟩ in IPA}}
{{infobox IPA
|ipa symbol  = c
|ipa number  = 107
|decimal1    = 99
|x-sampa     = c
|kirshenbaum = c
|braille     = c
}}

The '''voiceless palatal plosive''' or '''stop''' is a type of [[consonant]]al sound used in some vocal languages. The symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|c}}, and the equivalent [[X-SAMPA]] symbol is <code>c</code>.

== Voiceless palato-alveolar and post-palatal plosives ==

{{Infobox IPA
|above       = Voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive
|ipa symbol  = c̟
|ipa symbol2 = t̠ʲ
}}
If distinction is necessary, the '''voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive''' may be transcribed as {{angbr IPA|c̟}} ([[Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted|advanced]] {{angbr IPA|c}}) or {{angbr IPA|t̠ʲ}} ([[Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted|retracted]] and [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]] {{angbr IPA|t}}), but these are essentially equivalent, because the contact includes both the blade and body (but not the tip) of the tongue. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are <code>c_+</code> and <code>t_-'</code> or <code>t_-_j</code>, respectively. There is also a non-IPA letter {{unichar|0236}}; {{color|gray|{{angbr IPA|ȶ}}}} ("t", plus the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives {{angle brackets|{{IPA link|ɕ}}, {{IPA link|ʑ}}}}), which is used especially in [[Sinology|sinological]] circles.

It is common for the phonetic symbol {{angbr IPA|c}} to be used to represent [[voiceless postalveolar affricate]] {{IPA|[t͡ʃ]}} or other similar [[affricate consonant|affricates]], for example in the [[Languages of India|Indic languages]]. This may be considered appropriate when the place of articulation needs to be specified and the distinction between [[plosive consonant|plosive]] and affricate is not contrastive.

== Voiceless post-palatal plosive ==
{{Infobox IPA
| above = Voiceless post-palatal plosive
| ipa symbol = c̠
| ipa symbol2 = k̟
}}

There is also the '''voiceless post-palatal plosive'''<ref>Instead of "post-palatal", it can also be called "retracted palatal", "backed palatal", "palato-velar", "pre-velar", "advanced velar", "fronted velar" or "front-velar". For simplicity, this article uses only the term "post-palatal".</ref> in some languages, which is articulated slightly more back compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical palatal consonant, though not as back as the prototypical [[voiceless velar plosive|velar consonant]]. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, though it can be transcribed as {{angbr IPA|c̠}} (retracted {{angbr IPA|c}}) or {{angbr IPA|k̟}} (advanced {{angbr IPA|k}}). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are <code>c_-</code> and <code>k_+</code>, respectively.

Especially in [[broad transcription]], the voiceless post-palatal plosive may be transcribed as a palatalized voiceless velar plosive ({{angbr IPA|kʲ}} in the IPA, <code>k'</code> or <code>k_j</code> in X-SAMPA).

==Features==
[[File:Voiceless palatal plosive.svg|thumb|150px]]

Features of the voiceless palatal stop:

{{plosive}}
{{palatal}} 
** The otherwise identical post-palatal variant is articulated slightly behind the hard palate, making it sound closer to the velar {{IPAblink|k}}.
** [[Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveolo-palatal]] variant is articulated also with the blade of the tongue at or behind the [[alveolar ridge]].
{{voiceless}}
{{oral}}
{{central articulation}}
{{pulmonic}}

==Occurrence==

===Palatal or alveolo-palatal===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Albanian language|Albanian]]{{sfnp|Newmark|Hubbard|Prifti|1982|p=10}}|| {{lang|sq|[[Albanian alphabet|sh'''q'''ip]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ʃcip]}} || 'Albanian' || Merged with {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}} in [[Gheg Albanian]] and some speakers of [[Tosk Albanian]].{{sfnp|Kolgjini|2004}}
|-
| [[Asturian language|Asturian]]
| [[Western Asturian|Western dialects]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://elteixu.org/publicaciones/coleccion-de-cartografia-toponimica/tineu-mapa-del-conceyu/|title=Tinéu. Mapa del conceyu {{!}} El Teixu|language=ast|access-date=2019-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829141312/http://elteixu.org/publicaciones/coleccion-de-cartografia-toponimica/tineu-mapa-del-conceyu/|archive-date=2019-08-29|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{lang|ast|mu'''yy'''er}}
| {{IPA|[muˈceɾ]}}
| 'woman'
| Alternate evolution of -{{smallcaps|lj}}-, -{{smallcaps|c'l}}-, {{smallcaps|pl}}-, {{smallcaps|cl}}- and {{smallcaps|fl}}- in the ''Brañas Vaqueiras'' area of Western Asturias. May be also realized as {{IPAblink|c͡ç}} or {{IPAblink|ɟ͡ʝ}}
|-
| [[Amuzgo language|Amuzgo]] || [[Xochistlahuaca|Xochistlahuaca variety]]{{sfnp|Dobui|2021}} || {{lang|amu|tyaáⁿ|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[cã́]}} || 'clumsy; a clumsy person' ||
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]
|کئچی/keçi
|[ceˈt͡ʃi]
|'goat'
|Can realize as "t͡ʃ̟" in Tabriz accent
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Basque language|Basque]] || {{lang|eu|[[Basque alphabet|'''tt'''an'''tt'''a]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[cäɲcä]}} || 'droplet' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Blackfoot language|Blackfoot]] || {{lang|bla|ᖳᖽ'''ᖾ'''ᖳᐡ}} / {{lang|bla-Latn|aki'''k'''oan}} || {{IPA|[aˈkicoan]}} || 'girl' || Allophone of {{IPA|/k/}} after [[front vowel]]s.
|-
| [[Breton language|Breton]] || [[Bro_Gwened#Dialect|Gwenedeg]] || {{lang|br|'''k'''enn|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[cɛ̃n]}} || 'dandruff' || Realization of /k/ before front vowels.
|-
| [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] || [[Banat Bulgarian dialect|Banat dialect]] || {{lang|bg-Latn|ka'''ć'''étu}} ({{lang|bg|ка'''ќ'''ету}} or {{lang|bg|ка'''кь'''ету}}) || {{IPA|[kacetu]}} || 'as' || See [[Bulgarian phonology]]
|-
| [[Catalan language|Catalan]] || [[Balearic dialect|Majorcan]]{{sfnp|Recasens|Espinosa|2005|p=1}} || {{lang|ca|[[Catalan orthography|'''qu'''i]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈci̞]}} || 'who' || Dento-alveolo-palatal or palatal.{{sfnp|Recasens|2013|pp=11–13, 16}} Corresponds to {{IPAslink|k}} in other varieties. See [[Catalan phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Corsican language|Corsican]]|| {{lang|co|[[Corsican alphabet|'''chj'''odu]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈcoːdu]}} || 'nail' || Also present in the [[Gallurese]] dialect
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Serbo-Croatian language|Croatian]]|| {{lang|co|[[Croatian alphabet|ve'''ć''']]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[vec]}} || 'already' || Dialect of the [[Croatian Littoral]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Czech language|Czech]] || {{lang|cs|[[Czech orthography|češ'''t'''ina]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈt͡ʃɛʃc̟ɪna]}} || 'Czech' (language) || Alveolo-palatal or alveolar.{{sfnp|Recasens|2013|pp=11–13}} See [[Czech phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Dawsahak language|Dawsahak]] || colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[cɛːˈnɐ]}} || 'small' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Dinka language|Dinka]] || {{lang|din|[[Dinka alphabet|'''c'''ar]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[car]}} || 'black' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Ega language|Ega]]{{sfnp|Connell|Ahoua|Gibbon|2002|p=100}} ||colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[cá]}} || 'understand' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[French language|French]]{{sfnp|Recasens|2013|pp=11–13, 16}} || {{lang|fr|[[French orthography|'''q'''ui]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ci]}} || 'who' ([[interrogative word|int.]]) || Ranges from alveolar to palatal. See [[French phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Friulian language|Friulian]] || {{lang|fur|'''cj'''ase}} || {{IPA|[caze]}} || 'house' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Luganda|Ganda]] || {{lang|lg|'''c'''aayi}} || {{IPA|[caːji]}} || 'tea' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Gweno language|Gweno]] ||colspan="2" align="center" | {{IPA|[ca]}} || 'to come' ||
|-
|[[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]
|[[Meixian dialect|Meixian]]
|{{script|Hani|飛機}} / [[Pinfa|fi<sup>1</sup> '''g'''i<sup>1</sup>]]
|{{IPA|[fi˦ ci˦]}}
|'plane'
|Allophone of {{IPA|/k/}} before {{IPA|/i/}}.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Hausa]] || {{lang|lg|'''ky'''auta}} || {{IPA|[caːuta]}} || 'gift' ||
|-
|[[Hokkien]]
|[[Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwanese]]
|{{script|Hani|機車}} / {{lang|zh-Latn|[[Taiwanese Romanization System|'''k'''i-tshia]]}}
|{{IPA|[ciː˧ t͡ɕʰia˥]}}
|'motorcycle'
|
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]{{sfnp|Ladefoged|2005|p=164}} || {{lang|hu|[[Hungarian orthography|'''ty'''úk]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[c̟uːk]}} || 'hen' || Alveolo-palatal.{{sfnp|Recasens|2013|pp=11–13}} See [[Hungarian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] || {{lang|is|[[Icelandic orthography|'''gj'''óla]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈc̟ouːlä]}} || 'light wind' || Alveolo-palatal.{{sfnp|Recasens|2013|pp=11–13}} See [[Icelandic phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Irish language|Irish]] || {{lang|ga|[[Irish orthography|'''c'''eist]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[cɛʃtʲ]}} || 'question' || Alveolo-palatal or palatal.{{sfnp|Recasens|2013|pp=11–13}} See [[Irish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Khasi language|Khasi]] || {{lang|kha|bo'''it'''|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[bɔc]}} || 'dwarf' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Khmer language|Khmer]] || {{lang|km|[[Khmer Script|ចាប]]}} / {{transl|km|'''ch'''ab}} || {{IPA|[caːp]}}|| 'bird' || Contrasts [[Aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]] and unaspirated forms.
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Kinyarwanda]] || {{lang|rw|i'''k'''intu |italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[iciːnɦuʰ]}} || 'thing' ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]]
|[[Kurmanji|Northern]]
|{{lang|ku|'''k'''îso|italic=yes}}
|{{IPA|[cʰiːsoː]}}
| rowspan="3" |'tortoise'
| rowspan="3" |Allophone of {{IPA|/kʰ/}} before {{IPA|/ɨ/}}, {{IPA|/ɛ/}}, {{IPA|/iː/}}, and {{IPA|/eː/}}. See [[Kurdish phonology]]
|-
|[[Sorani|Central]]
| rowspan="2" |{{lang|ku|کیسەڵ|italic=yes}}
|{{IPA|[cʰiːsæɫ]}}
|-
|[[Palewani|Southern]]
|{{IPA|[cʰiːsaɫ]}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Latvian language|Latvian]]|| {{lang|lv|[[Latvian alphabet|'''ķ'''irbis]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈcirbis]}} || 'pumpkin' || See [[Latvian phonology]]
|-
| [[Low German]] || [[Plautdietsch language|Plautdietsch]] || {{lang|pdt-Latn|'''kj'''oa'''kj'''|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[coac]}} || 'church' || Corresponds to {{IPA|[kʲ]}} in all other dialects.{{clarify|reason=What is the difference, exactly?|date=July 2016}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]|| {{lang|mk|[[Macedonian alphabet|вре'''ќ'''а]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈvrɛca]}} || 'sack' || See [[Macedonian phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Malay language|Malay]]
|[[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Kelantan-Pattani]]
|''cita''
|{{IPA|[ci.tɔʔ]}}
|'feeling'
| rowspan="2" |Palatal,<ref>{{Cite book |author=Jiang Wu |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/3642470 |title=Malayic varieties of Kelantan and Terengganu |publisher=LOT Publications |year=2023 |isbn=978-94-6093-436-0 |location=Amsterdam |pages=42 |doi=}}</ref> allophone of {{IPA|/tʃ/}}. See [[Malay phonology]]
|-
|[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]
|'''''c'''ari''
|{{IPA|[cari]}}
|'to find'
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] || Central [[Norwegian dialects|dialects]]{{sfnp|Skjekkeland|1997|pp=105–107}} || rowspan="2" | {{lang|no|[[Norwegian alphabet|fe'''tt''']]}} || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[fɛcː]}} || rowspan="2" | 'fat' || rowspan="2" | See [[Norwegian phonology]]
|-
| Northern [[Norwegian dialects|dialects]]{{sfnp|Skjekkeland|1997|pp=105–107}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Occitan language|Occitan]] || [[Limousin language|Limousin]]|| {{lang|oc|'''t'''ireta}} || {{IPA|[ciˈʀetɒ]}} || rowspan="2" | 'drawer' ||
|-
| [[Auvergnat language|Auvergnat]]|| {{lang|oc|'''t'''irador}} || {{IPA|[ciʀaˈdu]}} ||
|-
|Western [[Gascon language|Gascon]]
|'''''ch'''ifra''
|[ˈcifrə]
|'digit'
|Corresponds to [tʃ] and sometimes [dʒ] in eastern dialects
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Romanian language|Romanian]]<ref>[[Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române|DEX]] Online: [http://dexonline.ro/search.php?cuv=c]{{Dead link|date=May 2020|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>|| {{lang|ro|[[Romanian alphabet|'''ch'''in]]}} || {{IPA|[cin]}} || 'torture' || Allophone of {{IPA|/k/}} before {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/e/}}. See [[Romanian phonology]]. Also in some northern dialects
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Romansh language|Romansh]] || [[Sursilvan dialects (Romansh)|Sursilvan]]{{sfnp|Menzli|1993|p=92}} || {{lang|rm|no'''tg'''}} || {{IPA|[nɔc]}} || 'night' ||
|-
| [[Sutsilvan dialects (Romansh)|Sutsilvan]]{{sfnp|Liver|1999|pp=53–54}} || {{lang|rm|'''tg'''àn}} || {{IPA|[caŋ]}} || 'dog' ||
|-
| [[Surmiran dialect|Surmiran]]{{sfnp|Liver|1999|pp=56–57}} || {{lang|rm|va'''tg'''as}} || {{IPA|[ˈvɑcɐs]}} || 'cows' ||
|-
| [[Puter]]{{sfnp|Liver|1999|pp=59–60}} || {{lang|rm|zü'''ch'''er}} || {{IPA|[ˈtsycər]}} || 'sugar' ||
|-
| [[Vallader dialect (Romansh)|Vallader]]{{sfnp|Liver|1999|pp=63–64}} || {{lang|rm|müs-'''ch'''el}} || {{IPA|[ˈmyʃcəl]}} || 'moss' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]]{{sfnp|Oftedal|1956|p=106}} || {{lang|gd|mai'''d'''e}} || {{IPA|[ˈmãtʲə]}} || 'stick' || Alveolo-palatal or alveolar. Contrasts [[Aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]] and unaspirated forms. Affricated in some positions, with affrication stronger in [[Scottish Gaelic phonology and orthography|certain dialects]].
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Slovak language|Slovak]]{{sfnp|Recasens|2013|pp=11–13}} || {{lang|sk|[[Slovak orthography|'''ť'''ava]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈcava]}} || 'camel' || See [[Slovak phonology]]
|-
|[[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|[[Canarian Spanish|Canarian]]
|'''ch'''oco
|{{IPA|[ˈc̟oko]}}
|'cuttlefish'
|Alveolo-palatal. Used to be voiced.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Herrera Santana|first=Juana|date=2007|title=Variación dialectal: procesos de convergencia y divergencia en el español de Canarias|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2528372|journal=Revista de Filología de la Universidad de la Laguna|language=Spanish|issue=25|pages=337–346|issn=0212-4130}}</ref> Corresponds to {{IPA|[t͡ʃ]}} in other dialects of  Spanish (speakers from other areas of Spain mishear it as {{IPA|[ʝ]}}).
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Turkish language|Turkish]] || {{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|'''k'''öy]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[cʰœj]}} || 'village' || See [[Turkish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]{{sfnp|Thompson|1959|pp=458–461}} || {{lang|vi|[[Vietnamese alphabet|'''ch'''ị]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ci˧ˀ˨ʔ]}} || 'elder sister' || May be slightly affricated {{IPA|[tᶝ ]}}. See [[Vietnamese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[West Frisian language|West Frisian]] || {{lang|fy|[[West Frisian language|'''tj'''ems]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[cɛms]}} || 'strainer' || See [[West Frisian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Western Desert language|Western Desert]] || {{lang|pjt|ku'''tj'''u}} || {{IPA|[kucu]}} || 'one' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Damin]] || {{lang|de|dunji-kan|}} || {{IPA|[t̺un̺t̠ʲi kan̺]}} || 'go' ||
|}

===Post-palatal===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]||{{lang|be|[[Belarusian alphabet|'''к'''іслы]]}}||{{IPA|[ˈk̟is̪ɫ̪ɨ]}}|| 'acidic' || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|kʲ}}. See [[Belarusian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Catalan language|Catalan]]{{sfnp|Rafel|1999|p=14}}||{{lang|ca|[[Catalan orthography|'''qu'''i]]|italic=yes}}||{{IPA|[k̟i]}}|| 'who' || Allophone of {{IPA|/k/}} before [[front vowel]]s.{{sfnp|Rafel|1999|p=14}} See [[Catalan phonology]]
|-
|[[Danish language|Danish]]|| Standard{{sfnp|Grønnum|2005|p=124}}||{{lang|da|[[Danish orthography|'''g'''idsel]]|italic=yes}}||{{IPA|[ˈk̟isəl]}}|| 'hostage' || Allophone of {{IPA|/ɡ/}} before front vowels.{{sfnp|Grønnum|2005|p=124}} See [[Danish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | [[English language|English]]{{sfnp|Cruttenden|2014|p=181}}{{sfnp|Mannell|Cox|Harrington|2009}} || [[English orthography|'''''k'''een'']] || {{Audio-IPA|keen-pronunciation-audio.ogg|[k̟ʰiːn]|help=no}}|| 'keen' || Allophone of {{IPA|/k/}} before front vowels and {{IPA|/j/}}.{{sfnp|Cruttenden|2014|p=181}}{{sfnp|Mannell|Cox|Harrington|2009}} See [[English phonology]]
|-
|[[English orthography|''ba'''ck''''']]
|bæc̠
|back
|Mainstream [[Irish English]] realisation of /k/ after front vowels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Variation and Change in Dublin English, (c) Raymond Hickey |url=http://www.raymondhickey.com/index_(VCDE).html#GlossB |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=www.raymondhickey.com}}</ref>
|-
|[[German language|German]]||[[Standard German|Standard]]{{sfnp|Wiese|1996|p=271}}{{sfnp|Krech et al.|2009|pp=49, 92}}||{{lang|de|[[German orthography|'''K'''ind]]|italic=yes}}||{{IPA|[k̟ʰɪnt]}}|| 'child' || Allophone of {{IPA|/k/}} before and after front vowels.{{sfnp|Wiese|1996|p=271}}{{sfnp|Krech et al.|2009|pp=49, 92}} See [[Standard German phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Greek language|Greek]]{{sfnp|Arvaniti|2007|p=20}}||{{lang|el|[[Greek alphabet|Μα'''κ'''εδνός]]}}||{{Audio-IPA|Ell-Makednos.ogg|[mɐc̠e̞ˈðno̞s̠]}}|| '[[Makedon (mythology)|Makedon]]' || See [[Modern Greek phonology]]
|-
|[[Italian language|Italian]]|| Standard{{sfnp|Canepari|1992|p=62}}||{{lang|it|[[Italian alphabet|'''ch'''i]]|italic=yes}}||{{Audio-IPA|Ita-Chi.wav|[k̟i]}}|| 'who' || Allophone of {{IPA|/k/}} before {{IPA|/i, e, ɛ, j/}}.{{sfnp|Canepari|1992|p=62}} See [[Italian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Japanese language|Japanese]]||{{lang|ja|[[Japanese orthography|'''九''']]}} / {{transl|ja|'''ky'''ū}}||{{IPA|[k̟ÿː]}}||'nine' || Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨kʲ⟩, allophone of /kj/. See [[Japanese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Polish language|Polish]]||{{lang|pl|[[Polish orthography|'''ki'''edy]]|italic=yes}}||{{IPA|[ˈk̟ɛdɨ]}}||'when' || See [[Polish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]||{{lang|pt|[[Portuguese orthography|'''qu'''i]]|italic=yes}}||{{IPA|[k̟i]}}|| '[[Qi|Chi]]' || Allophone of {{IPA|/k/}} before front vowels. See [[Portuguese phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Romanian language|Romanian]]{{sfnp|Sarlin|2014|p=17}}||{{lang|ro|[[Romanian alphabet|o'''chi''']]|italic=yes}}||{{IPA|[o̞k̟]}}|| 'eye' || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|kʲ}}. See [[Romanian phonology]]
|-
|[[Russian language|Russian]]|| Standard{{sfnp|Yanushevskaya|Bunčić|2015|p=223}}||{{lang|ru|[[Russian alphabet|'''к'''ит]]}} / {{lang|ru-Latn|'''k'''it}}||{{IPA|[k̟it̪]}}|| 'whale' || Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|kʲ}}. See [[Russian phonology]]
|- 
| colspan="2" | [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]]{{sfnp|Oftedal|1956|p=108}} || {{lang|gd|[[Scottish Gaelic orthography|còi'''g''']]}} || {{IPA|[kʰoːʲk̟]}} || 'five (5)' ||Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|kʲ}}. Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. 
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Spanish language|Spanish]]{{sfnp|Canellada|Madsen|1987|p=20}}||{{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|'''k'''ilo]]|italic=yes}}||{{IPA|[ˈk̟ilo̞]}}|| 'kilo(gram)' || Allophone of {{IPA|/k/}} before front vowels.{{sfnp|Canellada|Madsen|1987|p=20}} See [[Spanish phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Tidore language|Tidore]]
|ya'''c'''i
|{{IPA|[jaci]}}
|'to rip'
|
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]||{{lang|uk|[[Ukrainian alphabet|'''к'''інчик]] /{{lang|uk-Latn|'''k'''inchyk}} ||{{Audio-IPA|Uk-кінчик.ogg|[ˈk̟inʲt͡ʃɪk]}}|| 'tip' || Can also be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|kʲ}}, but is an allophone of {{IPA|/k/}} before front vowels. See [[Ukrainian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]||{{fix|text=example needed|date=August 2016}}||  ||  || Final allophone of {{IPA|/c/}}. See [[Vietnamese phonology]]
|}

==See also==
* [[Index of phonetics articles]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

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{{Refend}}

==External links==
* {{phoible|c}}

{{IPA navigation}}

[[Category:Palatal consonants]]
[[Category:Voiceless stops]]
[[Category:Central consonants]]
[[Category:Pulmonic consonants]]