Pistosauroidea: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Extinct clade of reptiles}} |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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| fossil_range = [[Early Triassic]] |
| fossil_range = [[Early Triassic]]-[[Late Cretaceous]], {{fossil range|251|66}} |
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| image = Augustasaurus BW.jpg |
| image = Augustasaurus BW.jpg |
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| image_caption = Life restoration of ''[[Augustasaurus|Augustasaurus hagdorni]]'' |
| image_caption = Life restoration of ''[[Augustasaurus|Augustasaurus hagdorni]]'' |
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'''Pistosauroidea''' is a group of [[marine reptile]]s within the [[superorder (biology)|superorder]] [[Sauropterygia]] that first appeared in the latter part of the [[Early Triassic]] and were the ancestors of [[plesiosaur]]s. Pistosauroids are rare in Triassic marine assemblages, and are represented by only a few fossils from central [[Europe]], the [[United States]], and [[China]].<ref name=Cetal06>{{cite journal |last=Cheng |first=Y.-N. |author2=Sato, T. |author3=Wu, X.-C. |author4=Li, C. |year=2006 |title=First complete pistosauroid from the Triassic of China |url=http://www.plesiosauria.com/pdf/cheng_et_al_2006_yunguisaurus.pdf |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=501–503 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[501:fcpftt]2.0.co;2 |url-status=dead | |
'''Pistosauroidea''' is a group of [[marine reptile]]s within the [[superorder (biology)|superorder]] [[Sauropterygia]] that first appeared in the latter part of the [[Early Triassic]] and were the ancestors of [[plesiosaur]]s. Pistosauroids are rare in Triassic marine assemblages, and are represented by only a few fossils from central [[Europe]], the [[United States]], and [[China]].<ref name=Cetal06>{{cite journal |last=Cheng |first=Y.-N. |author2=Sato, T. |author3=Wu, X.-C. |author4=Li, C. |year=2006 |title=First complete pistosauroid from the Triassic of China |url=http://www.plesiosauria.com/pdf/cheng_et_al_2006_yunguisaurus.pdf |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=501–503 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[501:fcpftt]2.0.co;2 |s2cid=85634946 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928165700/http://www.plesiosauria.com/pdf/cheng_et_al_2006_yunguisaurus.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-28 }}</ref> Recent phylogenetic analyses consider the Triassic pistosauroids to be a [[paraphyletic]] grouping, meaning that they do not form a true [[clade]]. [[Plesiosauria]] is now placed within Pistosauroidea, while the traditional pistosauroids are successively more [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]], or primitive, sauropterygians.<ref name=RSS02>{{cite journal |last=Rieppel |first=O. |author2=Sander, P.M. |author3=Storrs, G.W. |year=2002 |title=The skull of the pistosaur ''Augustasaurus'' from the Middle Triassic of northwestern Nevada |url=http://cincyevolution.com/vertpaleo/Vertebrate_Paleontology/Curator_publications_files/rieppeletal2002.pdf |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=577–592 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0577:tsotpa]2.0.co;2 |s2cid=131693849 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716055953/http://cincyevolution.com/vertpaleo/Vertebrate_Paleontology/Curator_publications_files/rieppeletal2002.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-16 }}</ref> |
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Below is a [[cladogram]] of pistosauroid relationships from Cheng ''et al.'' (2006):<ref name=Cetal06/> |
Below is a [[cladogram]] of pistosauroid relationships from Cheng ''et al.'' (2006):<ref name=Cetal06/> |
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|label1=[[Sauropterygia]] |
|label1=[[Sauropterygia]] |
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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|1=[[Placodontia]] |
|1=[[Placodontia]] <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Placodus BW.jpg|50 px]]</span> |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=[[Pachypleurosauria]] |
|1=[[Pachypleurosauria]] <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Keichousaurus BW.jpg|50 px]]</span> |
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|2=[[Nothosauria]] |
|2=[[Nothosauria]] <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Nothosaurus BW.jpg|50 px]]</span> |
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|label3= '''Pistosauroidea''' |
|label3= '''Pistosauroidea''' |
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|3={{clade |
|3={{clade |
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|2=''[[Cymatosaurus]]'' |
|2=''[[Cymatosaurus]]'' |
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|3={{clade |
|3={{clade |
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|1=''[[Pistosaurus]]'' |
|1=''[[Pistosaurus]]'' <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Pistosaurus BW.jpg|50 px]]</span> |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Yunguisaurus]]'' |
|1=''[[Yunguisaurus]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Augustasaurus]]'' |
|1=''[[Augustasaurus]]'' |
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|2=[[Plesiosauria]] |
|2=[[Plesiosauria]] <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Attenborosaurus BW.jpg|50 px]]</span> |
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}} }} }} }} }} }} }} |
}} }} }} }} }} }} }} |
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Below is a cladogram of pistosauroid relationships from Ketchum & Benson, 2011:<ref name=Marmornectes>{{cite journal | |
Below is a cladogram of pistosauroid relationships from Ketchum & Benson, 2011:<ref name=Marmornectes>{{cite journal |author1=Hilary F. Ketchum |author2=Roger B. J. Benson |year=2011 |title=A new pliosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Oxford Clay Formation (Middle Jurassic, Callovian) of England: evidence for a gracile, longirostrine grade of Early-Middle Jurassic pliosaurids |journal=Special Papers in Palaeontology |volume=86 |pages=109–129 }}</ref> |
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{{clade| style=font-size:100%;line-height:85% |
{{clade| style=font-size:100%;line-height:85% |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Bobosaurus]]'' |
|1=''[[Bobosaurus]]'' |
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|2=''[[Pistosaurus]]'' |
|2=''[[Pistosaurus]]'' <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Pistosaurus BW.jpg|50 px]]</span> |
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|3=''[[Yunguisaurus]]'' |
|3=''[[Yunguisaurus]]'' |
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|4={{clade |
|4={{clade |
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|1=''[[Augustasaurus]]'' |
|1=''[[Augustasaurus]]'' |
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|2=[[Plesiosauria]] }} }} }} }} }} |
|2=[[Plesiosauria]] <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Attenborosaurus BW.jpg|50 px]]</span>}} }} }} }} }} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q7198520}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7198520}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Sauropterygians]] |
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[[Category:Early Triassic first appearances]] |
[[Category:Early Triassic first appearances]] |
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[[Category:Maastrichtian extinctions]] |
[[Category:Maastrichtian extinctions]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:41, 6 May 2023
| Pistosauroidea Temporal range: Early Triassic-Late Cretaceous,
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| Life restoration of Augustasaurus hagdorni | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Superorder: | †Sauropterygia |
| Clade: | †Eosauropterygia |
| Clade: | †Pistosauroidea Baur, 1887-90 |
| Subgroups | |
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Pistosauroidea is a group of marine reptiles within the superorder Sauropterygia that first appeared in the latter part of the Early Triassic and were the ancestors of plesiosaurs. Pistosauroids are rare in Triassic marine assemblages, and are represented by only a few fossils from central Europe, the United States, and China.[1] Recent phylogenetic analyses consider the Triassic pistosauroids to be a paraphyletic grouping, meaning that they do not form a true clade. Plesiosauria is now placed within Pistosauroidea, while the traditional pistosauroids are successively more basal, or primitive, sauropterygians.[2]
Below is a cladogram of pistosauroid relationships from Cheng et al. (2006):[1]
Below is a cladogram of pistosauroid relationships from Ketchum & Benson, 2011:[3]
| Pistosauroidea |
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References
[edit]- ^ a b Cheng, Y.-N.; Sato, T.; Wu, X.-C.; Li, C. (2006). "First complete pistosauroid from the Triassic of China" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (2): 501–503. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[501:fcpftt]2.0.co;2. S2CID 85634946. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-28.
- ^ Rieppel, O.; Sander, P.M.; Storrs, G.W. (2002). "The skull of the pistosaur Augustasaurus from the Middle Triassic of northwestern Nevada" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (3): 577–592. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0577:tsotpa]2.0.co;2. S2CID 131693849. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16.
- ^ Hilary F. Ketchum; Roger B. J. Benson (2011). "A new pliosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Oxford Clay Formation (Middle Jurassic, Callovian) of England: evidence for a gracile, longirostrine grade of Early-Middle Jurassic pliosaurids". Special Papers in Palaeontology. 86: 109–129.
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