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{{chembox
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 452029756
| verifiedrevid = 452029756
| Name = Cobalt(II,III) oxide<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/203114|title=Cobalt(II,III) oxide 203114|website=Sigma-Aldrich}}</ref>
| Name = Cobalt(II,III) oxide<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/203114|title=Cobalt(II,III) oxide 203114|website=Sigma-Aldrich}}</ref>
| ImageFile1 = Oxid kobaltnato-kobaltičitý.PNG
| ImageFile1 = Cobalt(II,III) oxide.jpg
| ImageSize1 =
| ImageSize1 =
| ImageName1 = Cobalt(II,III) oxide
| ImageName1 = Cobalt(II,III) oxide
| ImageFile2 = Cobalt(II,III)-oxide-unit-cell-2006-CM-perspective-3D-balls.png
| ImageFile2 = Cobalt(II,III)-oxide-unit-cell-2006-CM-perspective-3D-balls.png
| ImageSize2 =
| ImageSize2 =
| ImageName2 = Ball-and-stick model of the unit cell of Co3O4
| ImageName2 = Ball-and-stick model of the unit cell of Co3O4
| IUPACName = cobalt(II) dicobalt(III) oxide
| IUPACName = cobalt(II) dicobalt(III) oxide
| OtherNames = cobalt oxide, cobalt(II,III) oxide, cobaltosic oxide, tricobalt tetroxide
| OtherNames = cobalt oxide, cobalt(II,III) oxide, cobaltosic oxide, tricobalt tetroxide
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 9826389
| ChemSpiderID = 9826389
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| SMILES = [Co]=O.O=[Co]O[Co]=O
| SMILES = [Co]=O.O=[Co]O[Co]=O
}}
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub><br/>
| Formula = Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub><br/>
CoO.Co<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
CoO.Co<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
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| MagSus = +7380·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
| MagSus = +7380·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
}}
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = cubic
| CrystalStruct = cubic
| SpaceGroup = Fd{{overline|3}}m, No. 227<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://materialsproject.org/materials/mp-18748/|title=mp-18748: Co3O4 (cubic, Fd-3m, 227)|website=materialsproject.org|access-date=2019-12-20}}</ref>
| SpaceGroup = Fd{{overline|3}}m, No. 227<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://materialsproject.org/materials/mp-18748/|title=mp-18748: Co3O4 (cubic, Fd-3m, 227)|website=materialsproject.org|access-date=2019-12-20}}</ref>
}}
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Hazards
| Section4 = {{Chembox Hazards
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS09}}{{GHS08}}
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS09}}{{GHS08}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
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'''Cobalt(II,III) oxide''' is an [[inorganic compound]] with the [[chemical formula|formula]] Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. It is one of two well characterized [[cobalt oxide]]s. It is a black [[antiferromagnetic]] solid. As a [[Inner sphere electron transfer#Mixed valency|mixed valence compound]], its formula is sometimes written as Co<sup>II</sup>Co<sup>III</sup><sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and sometimes as CoO•Co<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.<ref name="G&E">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd|page=1118}}</ref>
'''Cobalt(II,III) oxide''' is an [[inorganic compound]] with the [[chemical formula|formula]] Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. It is one of two well characterized [[cobalt oxide]]s. It is a black [[antiferromagnetic]] solid. As a [[Inner sphere electron transfer#Mixed valency|mixed valence compound]], its formula is sometimes written as Co<sup>II</sup>Co<sup>III</sup><sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and sometimes as CoO•Co<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.<ref name="G&E">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd|page=1118}}</ref>


== Structure ==
== Structure ==
Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> adopts the [[Spinel#The normal spinel structure|normal spinel structure]], with Co<sup>2+</sup> ions in tetrahedral interstices and Co<sup>3+</sup> ions in the octahedral interstices of the [[cubic crystal system|cubic]] [[close-packing|close-packed]] [[crystal lattice|lattice]] of [[oxide]] anions.<ref name="G&E" />
Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> adopts the [[Spinel group|normal spinel structure]], with Co<sup>2+</sup> ions in tetrahedral interstices and Co<sup>3+</sup> ions in the octahedral interstices of the [[cubic crystal system|cubic]] [[close-packing|close-packed]] [[crystal lattice|lattice]] of [[oxide]] anions.<ref name="G&E" />


{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
{|align="center" class="wikitable"
| <center>[[File:Cobalt(II,III)-oxide-xtal-2006-Co(II)-coord-CM-3D-balls.png|125px]]</center> || <center>[[File:Cobalt(II,III)-oxide-xtal-2006-Co(III)-coord-CM-3D-balls.png|125px]]</center> || <center>[[File:Cobalt(II,III)-oxide-xtal-2006-O-coord-CM-3D-balls.png|125px]]</center>
| [[File:Cobalt(II,III)-oxide-xtal-2006-Co(II)-coord-CM-3D-balls.png|125px]] || [[File:Cobalt(II,III)-oxide-xtal-2006-Co(III)-coord-CM-3D-balls.png|125px]] || [[File:Cobalt(II,III)-oxide-xtal-2006-O-coord-CM-3D-balls.png|125px]]
|-
|-
|<small>[[tetrahedral coordination geometry]] of Co(II)</small>||<small>distorted [[octahedral coordination geometry]] of Co(III)</small>||<small>distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry of O</small>
|<small>[[tetrahedral coordination geometry]] of Co(II)</small>||<small>distorted [[octahedral coordination geometry]] of Co(III)</small>||<small>distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry of O</small>
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== Synthesis ==
== Synthesis ==
[[Cobalt(II) oxide]], CoO, converts to Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> upon heating at around 600–700&nbsp;°C in air.<ref name="G&E"/> Above 900&nbsp;°C, CoO is stable.<ref name="G&E"/><ref>Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. p. 1520.</ref> These reaction are described by the following equilibrium:
[[Cobalt(II) oxide]], CoO, converts to Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> upon heating at around 600–700&nbsp;°C in air.<ref name="G&E"/> Above 900&nbsp;°C, CoO is stable.<ref name="G&E"/><ref>Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. p. 1520.</ref> These reactions are described by the following equilibrium:
:2 Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> {{eqm}} 6 CoO + O<sub>2</sub>
:2 Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> {{eqm}} 6 CoO + O<sub>2</sub>


Latest revision as of 15:58, 12 October 2023

Cobalt(II,III) oxide[1]
Cobalt(II,III) oxide
Ball-and-stick model of the unit cell of Co3O4
Names
IUPAC name
cobalt(II) dicobalt(III) oxide
Other names
cobalt oxide, cobalt(II,III) oxide, cobaltosic oxide, tricobalt tetroxide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.013.780 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 215-157-2
RTECS number
  • GG2500000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/3Co.4O checkY
    Key: LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/3Co.4O/rCo2O3.CoO/c3-1-5-2-4;1-2
    Key: LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-PMPQCLQHAA
  • [Co]=O.O=[Co]O[Co]=O
Properties
Co3O4

CoO.Co2O3

Molar mass 240.80 g/mol
Appearance black solid
Density 6.07 g/cm3[2]
Melting point 895 °C (1,643 °F; 1,168 K)
Boiling point 900 °C (1,650 °F; 1,170 K) (decomposes)
Insoluble
Solubility soluble (with degradation) in acids and alkalis
+7380·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
cubic
Fd3m, No. 227[3]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS09: Environmental hazardGHS08: Health hazard
Danger
H317, H334, H350, H411
P261, P273, P284, P304+P340, P342+P311
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
0
0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Cobalt(II,III) oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Co3O4. It is one of two well characterized cobalt oxides. It is a black antiferromagnetic solid. As a mixed valence compound, its formula is sometimes written as CoIICoIII2O4 and sometimes as CoO•Co2O3.[4]

Structure

[edit]

Co3O4 adopts the normal spinel structure, with Co2+ ions in tetrahedral interstices and Co3+ ions in the octahedral interstices of the cubic close-packed lattice of oxide anions.[4]

tetrahedral coordination geometry of Co(II) distorted octahedral coordination geometry of Co(III) distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry of O

Synthesis

[edit]

Cobalt(II) oxide, CoO, converts to Co3O4 upon heating at around 600–700 °C in air.[4] Above 900 °C, CoO is stable.[4][5] These reactions are described by the following equilibrium:

2 Co3O4 ⇌ 6 CoO + O2

Applications

[edit]

Cobalt(II,III) oxide is used as a blue coloring agent for pottery enamel and glass, as an alternative to cobalt(II) oxide.[6]

Cobalt(II,III) oxide is used as an electrode in some lithium-ion batteries, possibly in the form of cobalt oxide nanoparticles.

Safety

[edit]

Cobalt compounds are potentially poisonous in large amounts.[7]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Cobalt(II,III) oxide 203114". Sigma-Aldrich.
  2. ^ Lide, David R., ed. (2006). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3.
  3. ^ "mp-18748: Co3O4 (cubic, Fd-3m, 227)". materialsproject.org. Retrieved 2019-12-20.
  4. ^ a b c d Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 1118. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  5. ^ Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. p. 1520.
  6. ^ Frank Hamer, Janet Hamer (2004): The Potter's Dictionary of Materials and Techniques. University of Pennsylvania Press; 437 pp. ISBN 0812238109
  7. ^ MSDS[permanent dead link‍]
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