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{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Prosthecobacter
| taxon = Prosthecobacter
| authority = Stanley, et al. 1980<ref name=LPSN>{{cite web|url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/prosthecobacter |title=Genus ''Prosthecobacter'' |website=LPSN |access-date=13 May 2018}}</ref>
| authority = Staley et al. 1976 ex Staley et al. 1980<ref name=LPSN></ref>
⚫
| type_species=''Prosthecobacter fusiformis''
⚫
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| type_species_authority = Staley et al. 1976 ex Staley et al. 1980
⚫
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
''[[Prosthecobacter algae]]'' <br/>
* ''[[Prosthecobacter algae|P. algae]]''
''[[Prosthecobacter debontii]]'' <br/>
* ''P. debontii''
''[[Prosthecobacter dejongeii]]'' <br/>
* ''P. dejongeii''
''[[Prosthecobacter fluviatilis]]'' <br/>
* ''[[Prosthecobacter fluviatilis|P. fluviatilis]]''
''[[Prosthecobacter fusiformis]]'' <br/>
* ''P. fusiformis''
''[[Prosthecobacter vanneervenii]]''
* ''P. vanneervenii''
|synonyms =
⚫
| type_species=''P. fusiformis''
* ''[[Brevifollis]]'' <small>Otsuka et al. 2013</small>
}}
}}


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Tubulins, which are components of the [[microtubule]], have never been observed in [[Gracilicutes]] before.
Tubulins, which are components of the [[microtubule]], have never been observed in [[Gracilicutes]] before.


Tubulin was long thought to be specific to [[eukaryote]]s. More recently, however, several [[Prokaryote|prokaryotic]] proteins have been shown to be related to tubulin.<ref name="pmid9628483">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nogales E, Downing KH, Amos LA, Löwe J | title = Tubulin and FtsZ form a distinct family of GTPases | journal = Nature Structural Biology | volume = 5 | issue = 6 | pages = 451–8 | date = June 1998 | pmid = 9628483 | doi = 10.1038/nsb0698-451 | s2cid = 5945125 }}</ref><ref name="Jenkins_2002">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jenkins C, Samudrala R, Anderson I, Hedlund BP, Petroni G, Michailova N, Pinel N, Overbeek R, Rosati G, Staley JT | title = Genes for the cytoskeletal protein tubulin in the bacterial genus Prosthecobacter | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 99 | issue = 26 | pages = 17049–54 | date = December 2002 | pmid = 12486237 | pmc = 139267 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.012516899 | bibcode = 2002PNAS...9917049J | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Yutin_2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yutin N, Koonin EV | title = Archaeal origin of tubulin | journal = Biology Direct | volume = 7 | pages = 10 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22458654 | pmc = 3349469 | doi = 10.1186/1745-6150-7-10 }}</ref><ref name="Larsen_2007">{{cite journal | vauthors = Larsen RA, Cusumano C, Fujioka A, Lim-Fong G, Patterson P, Pogliano J | title = Treadmilling of a prokaryotic tubulin-like protein, TubZ, required for plasmid stability in Bacillus thuringiensis | journal = Genes & Development | volume = 21 | issue = 11 | pages = 1340–52 | date = June 2007 | pmid = 17510284 | pmc = 1877747 | doi = 10.1101/gad.1546107 }}</ref>
Tubulin was long thought to be specific to [[eukaryote]]s. More recently, however, several [[Prokaryote|prokaryotic]] proteins have been shown to be related to tubulin.<ref name="pmid9628483">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nogales E, Downing KH, Amos LA, Löwe J | title = Tubulin and FtsZ form a distinct family of GTPases | journal = Nature Structural Biology | volume = 5 | issue = 6 | pages = 451–8 | date = June 1998 | pmid = 9628483 | doi = 10.1038/nsb0698-451 | s2cid = 5945125 }}</ref><ref name="Jenkins_2002">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jenkins C, Samudrala R, Anderson I, Hedlund BP, Petroni G, Michailova N, Pinel N, Overbeek R, Rosati G, Staley JT | title = Genes for the cytoskeletal protein tubulin in the bacterial genus Prosthecobacter | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 99 | issue = 26 | pages = 17049–54 | date = December 2002 | pmid = 12486237 | pmc = 139267 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.012516899 | bibcode = 2002PNAS...9917049J | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Yutin_2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yutin N, Koonin EV | title = Archaeal origin of tubulin | journal = Biology Direct | volume = 7 | pages = 10 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22458654 | pmc = 3349469 | doi = 10.1186/1745-6150-7-10 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Larsen_2007">{{cite journal | vauthors = Larsen RA, Cusumano C, Fujioka A, Lim-Fong G, Patterson P, Pogliano J | title = Treadmilling of a prokaryotic tubulin-like protein, TubZ, required for plasmid stability in Bacillus thuringiensis | journal = Genes & Development | volume = 21 | issue = 11 | pages = 1340–52 | date = June 2007 | pmid = 17510284 | pmc = 1877747 | doi = 10.1101/gad.1546107 }}</ref>


Most bacteria have a homologous structure, [[FtsZ]]. ''Prosthecobacter'' are the exception to this, containing genes that have higher [[sequence homology]] to [[eukaryotic]] tubulin than FtsZ.
Most bacteria have a homologous structure, [[FtsZ]]. ''Prosthecobacter'' are the exception to this, containing genes that have higher [[sequence homology]] to [[eukaryotic]] tubulin than FtsZ.


These genes are called bacterial tubulin a (BtubA) and bacterial tubulin b (BtubB). The properties are not exactly same. However, surface loops and microtubules are extremely similar.
These genes are called bacterial tubulin a (BtubA) and bacterial tubulin b (BtubB). The properties are not exactly same. However, surface loops and microtubules are extremely similar.

==Phylogeny==
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the [[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN)<ref name=LPSN>{{cite web | author=J.P. Euzéby | url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/prosthecobacter | title=Prosthecobacter| access-date=2022-09-09 | publisher=[[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN)}}</ref> and [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] (NCBI)<ref name=NCBI>{{cite web |author = Sayers| url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&id=48463&lvl=3&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock |title=Prosthecobacter |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] (NCBI) taxonomy database |display-authors=et al.}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan=1 | 16S rRNA based [[The All-Species Living Tree Project|LTP]]_08_2023<ref name=LTP>{{cite web|title=The LTP |url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/#LTP| access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LTP_all tree in newick format|url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_all_08_2023.ntree |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LTP_08_2023 Release Notes| url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_08_2023_release_notes.pdf |access-date=20 November 2023}}</ref>
! colspan=1 | 120 marker proteins based [[Genome Taxonomy Database|GTDB]] 08-RS214<ref name="about">{{cite web |title=GTDB release 08-RS214 |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="tree">{{cite web |title=bac120_r214.sp_label |url=https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release214/214.0/auxillary_files/bac120_r214.sp_labels.tree |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="taxon_history">{{cite web |title=Taxon History |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/ |website=[[Genome Taxonomy Database]]|access-date=10 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
| style="vertical-align:top|
{{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80%
|label1=''Prosthecobacter''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Prosthecobacter fluviatilis|P. fluviatilis]]'' <small>Takeda et al. 2008</small>
|2=''P. vanneervenii'' <small>Hedlund et al. 1998</small>
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Brevifollis|Brevifollis gellanilyticus]]'' <small>Otsuka et al. 2013</small>
|2={{clade
|1=''P. debontii'' <small>Hedlund et al. 1998</small>
|2={{clade
|1=''P. dejongeii'' <small>Hedlund et al. 1998</small>
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Prosthecobacter algae|P. algae]]'' <small>Lee et al. 2014</small>
|2=''P. fusiformis'' <small>Staley et al. 1976 ex Staley et al. 1980</small>
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|
{{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80%
|label1=''Prosthecobacter''
|1={{clade
|1=''P. vanneervenii''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Brevifollis|Brevifollis gellanilyticus]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''P. debontii''
|2={{clade
|1=''P. dejongeii''
|2=''P. fusiformis''
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|}

==See also==
* [[List of bacterial orders]]
* [[List of bacteria genera]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Bacteria classification|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q21228407}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q21228407}}

[[Category:Bacteria genera]]
[[Category:Bacteria genera]]
[[Category:Verrucomicrobiota]]
[[Category:Verrucomicrobiota]]

Latest revision as of 00:31, 24 December 2023

Prosthecobacter
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Verrucomicrobiota
Class: Verrucomicrobiae
Order: Verrucomicrobiales
Family: Verrucomicrobiaceae
Genus: Prosthecobacter
Staley et al. 1976 ex Staley et al. 1980[1]
Type species
Prosthecobacter fusiformis
Staley et al. 1976 ex Staley et al. 1980
Species
Synonyms

Prosthecobacter is a genus of bacteria from the phylum Verrucomicrobiota with a distinctive characteristic; the presence of tubulin-like genes. Tubulins, which are components of the microtubule, have never been observed in Gracilicutes before.

Tubulin was long thought to be specific to eukaryotes. More recently, however, several prokaryotic proteins have been shown to be related to tubulin.[2][3][4][5]

Most bacteria have a homologous structure, FtsZ. Prosthecobacter are the exception to this, containing genes that have higher sequence homology to eukaryotic tubulin than FtsZ.

These genes are called bacterial tubulin a (BtubA) and bacterial tubulin b (BtubB). The properties are not exactly same. However, surface loops and microtubules are extremely similar.

Phylogeny

[edit]

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[6]

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023[7][8][9] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214[10][11][12]
Prosthecobacter

P. fluviatilis Takeda et al. 2008

P. vanneervenii Hedlund et al. 1998

Brevifollis gellanilyticus Otsuka et al. 2013

P. debontii Hedlund et al. 1998

P. dejongeii Hedlund et al. 1998

P. algae Lee et al. 2014

P. fusiformis Staley et al. 1976 ex Staley et al. 1980

Prosthecobacter

P. vanneervenii

Brevifollis gellanilyticus

P. debontii

P. dejongeii

P. fusiformis

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b J.P. Euzéby. "Prosthecobacter". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  2. ^ Nogales E, Downing KH, Amos LA, Löwe J (June 1998). "Tubulin and FtsZ form a distinct family of GTPases". Nature Structural Biology. 5 (6): 451–8. doi:10.1038/nsb0698-451. PMID 9628483. S2CID 5945125.
  3. ^ Jenkins C, Samudrala R, Anderson I, Hedlund BP, Petroni G, Michailova N, Pinel N, Overbeek R, Rosati G, Staley JT (December 2002). "Genes for the cytoskeletal protein tubulin in the bacterial genus Prosthecobacter". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (26): 17049–54. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9917049J. doi:10.1073/pnas.012516899. PMC 139267. PMID 12486237.
  4. ^ Yutin N, Koonin EV (March 2012). "Archaeal origin of tubulin". Biology Direct. 7: 10. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-7-10. PMC 3349469. PMID 22458654.
  5. ^ Larsen RA, Cusumano C, Fujioka A, Lim-Fong G, Patterson P, Pogliano J (June 2007). "Treadmilling of a prokaryotic tubulin-like protein, TubZ, required for plasmid stability in Bacillus thuringiensis". Genes & Development. 21 (11): 1340–52. doi:10.1101/gad.1546107. PMC 1877747. PMID 17510284.
  6. ^ Sayers; et al. "Prosthecobacter". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
  7. ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  8. ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  9. ^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  10. ^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  11. ^ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  12. ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
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