TOI-178: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Star in the constellation Sculptor}} |
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{{Starbox begin |
{{Starbox begin |
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| name = TOI-178 |
| name = TOI-178 |
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}} |
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<!-- {{Starbox image |
<!-- {{Starbox image |
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| caption = ADD APPROPRIATE IMAGE |
| caption = ADD APPROPRIATE IMAGE |
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{{Starbox character |
{{Starbox character |
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| type = [[Main sequence]] |
| type = [[Main sequence]] |
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| class = [[K- |
| class = [[K-type main-sequence star|K7V]]<ref name=":1"/> |
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| variable = |
| variable = |
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}} |
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| p_error = 0.05 |
| p_error = 0.05 |
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| parallax_footnote =<ref name=":1" /> |
| parallax_footnote =<ref name=":1" /> |
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| absmag_v = |
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{{Starbox detail |
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{{Starbox catalog |
{{Starbox catalog |
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| names = [[2MASS]] J00291228-3027133, Gaia DR2 2318295979126499200, TIC 251848941, TYC 6991-00475-1 |
| names = [[2MASS]] J00291228-3027133, [[Gaia (spacecraft)#Data releases|Gaia DR2]] 2318295979126499200, [[Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite|TIC]] 251848941, [[Tycho-2 Catalogue|TYC]] 6991-00475-1 |
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}} |
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{{Starbox reference |
{{Starbox reference |
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| Simbad = TOI-178 |
| Simbad = TOI-178 |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Starbox end}} |
{{Starbox end |
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| ⚫ | '''TOI-178''' is a [[planetary system]] in the [[constellation]] [[Sculptor (constellation)|Sculptor]]<ref name="Roman1987">{{Cite journal|last=Roman|first=Nancy G.|year=1987|title=Identification of a Constellation From a Position|url=http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/vizier/VizieR/constellations.htx|journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific|volume=99|issue=617|pages=695–699|bibcode=1987PASP...99..695R|doi=10.1086/132034|s2cid=120559848 |doi-access=free}}. [http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-ref=VIZ5e1c7bb21397f&-out.add=.&-source=VI/42/out&-c=005.7476%20-31.1454,eq=B1875,rs=2 Requête spécifique à TOI-178] sur [[VizieR]].</ref> around which six planets have been observed, at at least five of which orbit in a chain of [[Orbital resonance|Laplace resonances]], which constitute one of the longest chains yet discovered in a system of planets. The system also has unusual variations in the densities among the planets.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Plait|first=Phil|date=2021-01-25|title=A six-planet system dances in time to the tune of gravity|url=https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/a-six-planet-system-dances-in-time-to-the-tune-of-gravity|access-date=2021-01-27|website=SYFY WIRE|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Nearby Orange Dwarf Hosts Unique System of Six Planets {{!}} Astronomy {{!}} Sci-News.com|url=http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/orange-dwarf-toi-178-system-six-planets-09284.html|access-date=2021-01-27|website=Breaking Science News {{!}} Sci-News.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal| last1=Leleu | first1=A. | last2=Alibert | first2=Y. | last3=Hara | first3=N. C. | last4=Hooton | first4=M. J. | last5=Wilson | first5=T. G. | last6=Robutel | first6=P. | last7=Delisle | first7=J.-B. | last8=Laskar | first8=J. | last9=Hoyer | first9=S. | last10=Lovis | first10=C. | last11=Bryant | first11=E. M. | last12=Ducrot | first12=E. | last13=Cabrera | first13=J. | last14=Delrez | first14=L. | last15=Acton | first15=J. S. | last16=Adibekyan | first16=V. | last17=Allart | first17=R. | last18=Prieto | first18=Allende | last19=Alonso | first19=R. | last20=Alves | first20=D. | last21=Anderson | first21=D. R. | last22=Angerhausen | first22=D. | last23=Escudé | first23=Anglada | last24=Asquier | first24=J. | last25=Barrado | first25=D. | last26=Barros | first26=S. C. C. | last27=Baumjohann | first27=W. | last28=Bayliss | first28=D. | last29=Beck | first29=M. | last30=Beck | first30=T. | last31=Bekkelien | first31=A. | last32=Benz | first32=W. | last33=Billot | first33=N. | last34=Bonfanti | first34=A. | last35=Bonfils | first35=X. | last36=Bouchy | first36=F. | last37=Bourrier | first37=V. | last38=Boué | first38=G. | last39=Brandeker | first39=A. | last40=Broeg | first40=C. | last41=Buder | first41=M. | last42=Burdanov | first42=A. | last43=Burleigh | first43=M. R. | last44=Bárczy | first44=T. | last45=Cameron | first45=A. C. | last46=Chamberlain | first46=S. | last47=Charnoz | first47=S. | last48=Cooke | first48=B. F. | last49=Damme | first49=Corral Van | last50=Correia | first50=A. C. M. | last51=Cristiani | first51=S. | last52=Damasso | first52=M. | last53=Davies | first53=M. B. | last54=Deleuil | first54=M. | last55=Demangeon | first55=O. D. S. | last56=Demory | first56=B. -O. | last57=Marcantonio | first57=Di | last58=Persio | first58=Di | last59=Dumusque | first59=X. | last60=Ehrenreich | first60=D. | last61=Erikson | first61=A. | last62=Figueira | first62=P. | last63=Fortier | first63=A. | last64=Fossati | first64=L. | last65=Fridlund | first65=M. | last66=Futyan | first66=D. | last67=Gandolfi | first67=D. | last68=Muñoz | first68=García | last69=Garcia | first69=L. J. | last70=Gill | first70=S. | last71=Gillen | first71=E. | last72=Gillon | first72=M. | last73=Goad | first73=M. R. | last74=Hernández | first74=González | last75=I. | first75=J. | last76=Guedel | first76=M. | last77=Günther | first77=M. N. | last78=Haldemann | first78=J. | last79=Henderson | first79=B. | last80=Heng | first80=K. | last81=Hogan | first81=A. E. | last82=Isaak | first82=K. | last83=Jehin | first83=E. | last84=Jenkins | first84=J. S. | last85=Jordán | first85=A. | last86=Kiss | first86=L. | last87=Kristiansen | first87=M. H. | last88=Lam | first88=K. | last89=Lavie | first89=B. | last90=Etangs | first90=Lecavelier des | last91=Lendl | first91=M. | last92=Lillo-Box | first92=J. | last93=Curto | first93=Lo | last94=Magrin | first94=D. | last95=Martins | first95=C. J. A. P. | last96=Maxted | first96=P. F. L. | last97=McCormac | first97=J. | last98=Mehner | first98=A. | last99=Micela | first99=G. | last100=Molaro | first100=P. | last101=Moyano | first101=M. | last102=Murray | first102=C. A. | last103=Nascimbeni | first103=V. | last104=Nunes | first104=N. J. | last105=Olofsson | first105=G. | last106=Osborn | first106=H. P. | last107=Oshagh | first107=M. | last108=Ottensamer | first108=R. | last109=Pagano | first109=I. | last110=Pallé | first110=E. | last111=Pedersen | first111=P. P. | last112=Pepe | first112=F. A. | last113=Persson | first113=C. M. | last114=Peter | first114=G. | last115=Piotto | first115=G. | last116=Polenta | first116=G. | last117=Pollacco | first117=D. | last118=Poretti | first118=E. | last119=Pozuelos | first119=F. J. | last120=Queloz | first120=D. | last121=Ragazzoni | first121=R. | last122=Rando | first122=N. | last123=Ratti | first123=F. | last124=Rauer | first124=H. | last125=Raynard | first125=L. | last126=Rebolo | first126=R. | last127=Reimers | first127=C. | last128=Ribas | first128=I. | last129=Santos | first129=N. C. | last130=Scandariato | first130=G. | last131=Schneider | first131=J. | last132=Sebastian | first132=D. | last133=Sestovic | first133=M. | last134=Simon | first134=A. E. | last135=Smith | first135=A. M. S. | last136=Sousa | first136=S. G. | last137=Sozzetti | first137=A. | last138=Steller | first138=M. | last139=Mascareño | first139=Suárez | last140=Szabó | first140=Gy. M. | last141=Ségransan | first141=D. | last142=Thomas | first142=N. | last143=Thompson | first143=S. | last144=Tilbrook | first144=R. H. | last145=Triaud | first145=A. | last146=Turner | first146=O. | last147=Udry | first147=S. | last148=Grootel | first148=Van | last149=Venus | first149=H. | last150=Verrecchia | first150=F. | last151=Vines | first151=J. I. | last152=Walton | first152=N. A. | last153=West | first153=R. G. | last154=Wheatley | first154=P. J. | last155=Wolter | first155=D. | last156=Osorio | first156=Zapatero | last157=R. | first157=M. | display-authors=20 |date=2021-01-20|title=Six transiting planets and a chain of Laplace resonances in TOI-178|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics| volume=649 | pages=A26 |language=en|arxiv=2101.09260|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202039767| bibcode=2021A&A...649A..26L |issn=0004-6361|s2cid=231693292 }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | '''TOI-178''' is a [[planetary system]] in the [[constellation]] [[Sculptor (constellation)|Sculptor]] |
||
The system is |
The system is 205 [[light-year]]s away, which is relatively close, implying that such systems may be relatively common.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> The brightness of the star, TOI-178, facilitates followup observations, which make it an ideal system in which to expand our understanding of planet formation and evolution.<ref name=":1" /> |
||
The planetary system was confirmed by data provided by five different planet search projects. After [[Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite|TESS]] provided first hints at a system with an interesting resonant chain, additional observations to refine the measurement and confirm the finding were provided by [[CHEOPS]], [[ESPRESSO]], [[Next-Generation Transit Survey|NGTS]] and [[SPECULOOS]]. Over the coming years, observations of [[transit-timing variation]]s in the transits of the various planets, which are expected to range from minutes to tens of minutes, should help pin down the planetary masses and uncover the eccentricities of the various orbits.<ref name=":1" /> |
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==Orbital resonance== |
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==Planetary system and orbital resonance== |
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Of the six planets, named TOI-178b through TOI-178g as per IAU [[exoplanet naming convention|convention]], the outer five are locked in a chain of [[Orbital resonance|Laplace resonances]]. The periods of the planets, in days, revolving around the star are b = 1.91, c = 3.24, d = 6.56, e = 9.96, f = 15.23, and g = 20.71. While this is not a perfect integer ratio, there exists a frame of reference that rotates by roughly 1.37° day<sup>−1</sup>, in which successive conjunctions of the planets form a repeating pattern.<ref name=":1" /> For an observer rotating within this frame of reference, the planets c through g form a chain of resonance that can be expressed as 2:4:6:9:12 in ratios of periods, or as 18:9:6:4:3 in ratios of orbits, which means that for every eighteen revolutions of the planet c, the planet d completes nine, the planet e six, the planet f four, and the planet g three. |
Of the six planets, named TOI-178b through TOI-178g as per IAU [[exoplanet naming convention|convention]], the outer five are locked in a chain of [[Orbital resonance|Laplace resonances]]. The periods of the planets, in days, revolving around the star are b = 1.91, c = 3.24, d = 6.56, e = 9.96, f = 15.23, and g = 20.71. While this is not a perfect integer ratio, there exists a frame of reference that rotates by roughly 1.37° day<sup>−1</sup>, in which successive conjunctions of the planets form a repeating pattern.<ref name=":1" /> For an observer rotating within this frame of reference, the planets c through g form a chain of resonance that can be expressed as 2:4:6:9:12 in ratios of periods, or as 18:9:6:4:3 in ratios of orbits, which means that for every eighteen revolutions of the planet c, the planet d completes nine, the planet e six, the planet f four, and the planet g three. |
||
In addition, the planet b orbits close to where it would also be a part of the same resonant chain. In a slightly bigger orbit of period of ~1.95 days, it would form a 3:5 resonance with the planet c in the same corotating frame of reference as the other five. It is possible that the entire system originally formed in one long resonant chain, but later the innermost planet was pulled out of it, perhaps by tidal interactions.<ref name=":1" /> |
In addition, the planet b orbits close to where it would also be a part of the same resonant chain. In a slightly bigger orbit of period of ~1.95 days, it would form a 3:5 resonance with the planet c in the same corotating frame of reference as the other five. It is possible that the entire system originally formed in one long resonant chain, but later the innermost planet was pulled out of it, perhaps by [[Tidal force|tidal interactions]].<ref name=":1" /> |
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{{Orbitbox planet begin |
{{Orbitbox planet begin |
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| Line 64: | Line 67: | ||
| period = {{val|1.914558|0.000018}} |
| period = {{val|1.914558|0.000018}} |
||
| semimajor = {{val|0.02607|0.00078}} |
| semimajor = {{val|0.02607|0.00078}} |
||
| eccentricity = |
| eccentricity = |
||
| inclination = {{val|88.8|0.8|1.3}} |
| inclination = {{val|88.8|0.8|1.3}} |
||
| radius_earth = {{val|1.152|0.073|0.070}} |
| radius_earth = {{val|1.152|0.073|0.070}} |
||
}} |
}} |
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{{Orbitbox planet |
{{Orbitbox planet |
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| exoplanet = c |
| exoplanet = [[TOI-178c|c]] |
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| mass_earth = {{val|4.77|0.55|0.68}} |
| mass_earth = {{val|4.77|0.55|0.68}} |
||
| period = {{val|3.238450|0.000020|0.000019}} |
| period = {{val|3.238450|0.000020|0.000019}} |
||
| semimajor = {{val|0.0370|0.0011}} |
| semimajor = {{val|0.0370|0.0011}} |
||
| eccentricity = |
| eccentricity = |
||
| inclination = {{val|88.4|1.1|1.6}} |
| inclination = {{val|88.4|1.1|1.6}} |
||
| radius_earth = {{val|1.669|0.114|0.099}} |
| radius_earth = {{val|1.669|0.114|0.099}} |
||
| Line 82: | Line 85: | ||
| period = {{val|6.557700|0.000016}} |
| period = {{val|6.557700|0.000016}} |
||
| semimajor = {{val|0.0592|0.0018}} |
| semimajor = {{val|0.0592|0.0018}} |
||
| eccentricity = |
| eccentricity = |
||
| inclination = {{val|88.58|0.20|0.18}} |
| inclination = {{val|88.58|0.20|0.18}} |
||
| radius_earth = {{val|2.572|0.075|0.078}} |
| radius_earth = {{val|2.572|0.075|0.078}} |
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| Line 91: | Line 94: | ||
| period = {{val|9.961881|0.000042}} |
| period = {{val|9.961881|0.000042}} |
||
| semimajor = {{val|0.0783|0.0023|0.0024}} |
| semimajor = {{val|0.0783|0.0023|0.0024}} |
||
| eccentricity = |
| eccentricity = |
||
| inclination = {{val|88.71|0.16|0.13}} |
| inclination = {{val|88.71|0.16|0.13}} |
||
| radius_earth = {{val|2.207|0.088|0.090}} |
| radius_earth = {{val|2.207|0.088|0.090}} |
||
| Line 100: | Line 103: | ||
| period = {{val|15.231915|0.000115|0.000095}} |
| period = {{val|15.231915|0.000115|0.000095}} |
||
| semimajor = {{val|0.1039|0.0031}} |
| semimajor = {{val|0.1039|0.0031}} |
||
| eccentricity = |
| eccentricity = |
||
| inclination = {{val|88.723|0.071|0.069}} |
| inclination = {{val|88.723|0.071|0.069}} |
||
| radius_earth = {{val|2.287|0.108|0.110}} |
| radius_earth = {{val|2.287|0.108|0.110}} |
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| Line 109: | Line 112: | ||
| period = {{val|20.70950|0.00014|0.00011}} |
| period = {{val|20.70950|0.00014|0.00011}} |
||
| semimajor = {{val|0.1275|0.0038|0.0039}} |
| semimajor = {{val|0.1275|0.0038|0.0039}} |
||
| eccentricity = |
| eccentricity = |
||
| inclination = {{val|88.823|0.045|0.047}} |
| inclination = {{val|88.823|0.045|0.047}} |
||
| radius_earth = {{val|2.87|0.14|0.13}} |
| radius_earth = {{val|2.87|0.14|0.13}} |
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| Line 116: | Line 119: | ||
== See also == |
== See also == |
||
| ⚫ | |||
*[[Kepler-223]] |
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* [[CHEOPS]] ('''CH'''aracterising '''E'''x'''OP'''lanets '''S'''atellite) |
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*[[TOI-178c]]—A [[Super-Earth|super earth]] in the TOI-178 system |
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| ⚫ | |||
*[[Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite]] (TESS) |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{2021 in space}} |
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{{Exoplanets}} |
{{Exoplanets}} |
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{{Stars of Sculptor|state=collapsed}} |
{{Stars of Sculptor|state=collapsed}} |
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{{Sky|00|29|12.30|-|30|27|13.46|204}} |
{{Sky|00|29|12.30|-|30|27|13.46|204}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:TOI-178}} |
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<!--- Categories ---> |
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[[Category:Sculptor (constellation)]] |
[[Category:Sculptor (constellation)]] |
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[[Category:K-type main-sequence stars]] |
[[Category:K-type main-sequence stars]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:10, 5 April 2024
| Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Sculptor |
| Right ascension | 00h 29m 12.30s[1] |
| Declination | −30° 27′ 13.46″[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 11.95[1] |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | Main sequence |
| Spectral type | K7V[1] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | 57.4±0.5[1] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 149.95±0.07[1] mas/yr Dec.: −87.25±0.04[1] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 15.92 ± 0.05 mas[1] |
| Distance | 204.9 ± 0.6 ly (62.8 ± 0.2 pc) |
| Details | |
| Mass | 0.650+0.027 −0.029[1] M☉ |
| Radius | 0.651±0.011[1] R☉ |
| Luminosity (bolometric) | 0.132±0.010[1] L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 4.45±0.15[1] cgs |
| Temperature | 4316±70[1] K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | −0.23±0.05[1] dex |
| Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 1.5±0.3[1] km/s |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
TOI-178 is a planetary system in the constellation Sculptor[2] around which six planets have been observed, at at least five of which orbit in a chain of Laplace resonances, which constitute one of the longest chains yet discovered in a system of planets. The system also has unusual variations in the densities among the planets.[3][4][1]
The system is 205 light-years away, which is relatively close, implying that such systems may be relatively common.[4][3] The brightness of the star, TOI-178, facilitates followup observations, which make it an ideal system in which to expand our understanding of planet formation and evolution.[1]
The planetary system was confirmed by data provided by five different planet search projects. After TESS provided first hints at a system with an interesting resonant chain, additional observations to refine the measurement and confirm the finding were provided by CHEOPS, ESPRESSO, NGTS and SPECULOOS. Over the coming years, observations of transit-timing variations in the transits of the various planets, which are expected to range from minutes to tens of minutes, should help pin down the planetary masses and uncover the eccentricities of the various orbits.[1]
Planetary system and orbital resonance
[edit]Of the six planets, named TOI-178b through TOI-178g as per IAU convention, the outer five are locked in a chain of Laplace resonances. The periods of the planets, in days, revolving around the star are b = 1.91, c = 3.24, d = 6.56, e = 9.96, f = 15.23, and g = 20.71. While this is not a perfect integer ratio, there exists a frame of reference that rotates by roughly 1.37° day−1, in which successive conjunctions of the planets form a repeating pattern.[1] For an observer rotating within this frame of reference, the planets c through g form a chain of resonance that can be expressed as 2:4:6:9:12 in ratios of periods, or as 18:9:6:4:3 in ratios of orbits, which means that for every eighteen revolutions of the planet c, the planet d completes nine, the planet e six, the planet f four, and the planet g three.
In addition, the planet b orbits close to where it would also be a part of the same resonant chain. In a slightly bigger orbit of period of ~1.95 days, it would form a 3:5 resonance with the planet c in the same corotating frame of reference as the other five. It is possible that the entire system originally formed in one long resonant chain, but later the innermost planet was pulled out of it, perhaps by tidal interactions.[1]
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | 1.50+0.39 −0.44 M🜨 |
0.02607±0.00078 | 1.914558±0.000018 | — | 88.8+0.8 −1.3° |
1.152+0.073 −0.070 R🜨 |
| c | 4.77+0.55 −0.68 M🜨 |
0.0370±0.0011 | 3.238450+0.000020 −0.000019 |
— | 88.4+1.1 −1.6° |
1.669+0.114 −0.099 R🜨 |
| d | 3.01+0.80 −1.03 M🜨 |
0.0592±0.0018 | 6.557700±0.000016 | — | 88.58+0.20 −0.18° |
2.572+0.075 −0.078 R🜨 |
| e | 3.86+1.25 −0.94 M🜨 |
0.0783+0.0023 −0.0024 |
9.961881±0.000042 | — | 88.71+0.16 −0.13° |
2.207+0.088 −0.090 R🜨 |
| f | 7.72+1.67 −1.52 M🜨 |
0.1039±0.0031 | 15.231915+0.000115 −0.000095 |
— | 88.723+0.071 −0.069° |
2.287+0.108 −0.110 R🜨 |
| g | 3.94+1.31 −1.62 M🜨 |
0.1275+0.0038 −0.0039 |
20.70950+0.00014 −0.00011 |
— | 88.823+0.045 −0.047° |
2.87+0.14 −0.13 R🜨 |
See also
[edit]- Kepler-80 – another system with five planets in an orbital resonance
- Kepler-223
- TOI-178c—A super earth in the TOI-178 system
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Leleu, A.; Alibert, Y.; Hara, N. C.; Hooton, M. J.; Wilson, T. G.; Robutel, P.; Delisle, J.-B.; Laskar, J.; Hoyer, S.; Lovis, C.; Bryant, E. M.; Ducrot, E.; Cabrera, J.; Delrez, L.; Acton, J. S.; Adibekyan, V.; Allart, R.; Prieto, Allende; Alonso, R.; Alves, D.; et al. (2021-01-20). "Six transiting planets and a chain of Laplace resonances in TOI-178". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A26. arXiv:2101.09260. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A..26L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039767. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 231693292.
- ^ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a Constellation From a Position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 99 (617): 695–699. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi:10.1086/132034. S2CID 120559848.. Requête spécifique à TOI-178 sur VizieR.
- ^ a b Plait, Phil (2021-01-25). "A six-planet system dances in time to the tune of gravity". SYFY WIRE. Retrieved 2021-01-27.
- ^ a b "Nearby Orange Dwarf Hosts Unique System of Six Planets | Astronomy | Sci-News.com". Breaking Science News | Sci-News.com. Retrieved 2021-01-27.
