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{{Multiple issues|
{{Multiple issues|
{{refimprove|date=March 2009}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2009}}
{{more footnotes|date=March 2009}}
{{Advert|date=March 2015}}
{{Advert|date=March 2015}}
{{POV|date=March 2015}}
}}
}}


{{Infobox power station
{{Infobox power station
| name = Kedzierzyn Zero-Emission Plant
| name = Kędzierzyn Zero-Emission Plant
| name_official =
| name_official =
| image =
| image_caption =
| image =
| image_alt =
| image_size =
| coordinates = <!-- {{coord| | |region:PL_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} -->
| image_caption =
| country = Poland
| image_alt =
| location = [[Kędzierzyn-Koźle]]
| location_map = Poland
| status = Cancelled
| location_map_size =
| construction_began =
| location_map_caption =
| commissioned =
| coordinates = <!-- {{coord| | |region:PL_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} -->
| decommissioned =
| country = [[Poland]]
| cost =
| location = [[Kędzierzyn-Koźle]]
| owner = [[Południowy Koncern Energetyczny|PKE]]
| status = Cancelled/Postponed
| operator =
| construction_began =
| th_fuel_primary = [[Coal]]
| commissioned =
| th_fuel_secondary = Biomass
| decommissioned =
| th_fuel_tertiary =
| cost =
| ps_units_manu_model =
| owner = [[Południowy Koncern Energetyczny|PKE]]
| ps_thermal_capacity =
| operator =
| ps_cogeneration = Yes
| th_fuel_primary = Coal
| ps_combined_cycle = Yes
| th_fuel_secondary = Biomass
| th_fuel_tertiary =
| ps_units_manu_model =
| ps_thermal_capacity =
| ps_heating_capacity = {{nowrap|137 MWt}}
| th_cogeneration = yes
| th_combined_cycle = yes
| ps_electrical_capacity = 309
| ps_electrical_capacity = 309
| ps_electrical_cap_fac =
| ps_electrical_cap_fac =
| website =
| website =
| extra =
| extra =
}}
}}
The '''Kędzierzyn Zero-Emission Power and Chemical Complex''' is a proposed facility in [[Kędzierzyn-Koźle]], [[Poland]]. It will combine power and heat generation with that of chemical products and [[carbon capture and storage]]. The project is proposed by a consortium of chemicals producer [[Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn]] and electricity company [[Południowy Koncern Energetyczny]]. The plant will produce [[synthesis gas]] by [[coal gasification|gasification]] of [[Anthracite|hard coal]]. The produced gas will be used for power and heat generation or for production of chemicals. The plant will capture produced [[carbon dioxide]] (CO<sub>2</sub>), which will be stored in natural geological reservoirs or used as a raw material for production of synthesis fuels, [[fertiliser]]s or [[plastics]].{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
The '''Kędzierzyn Zero-Emission Power and Chemical Complex''' was a proposed facility in [[Kędzierzyn-Koźle]], Poland. It was planned to combine the functions of power and heat generation with chemical production and [[carbon capture and storage]]. The project was proposed by a consortium of chemicals producers, including [[Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn]] and the electricity company [[Południowy Koncern Energetyczny]]. The facility would have produced [[synthesis gas]] by [[coal gasification|gasification]] of [[Anthracite|hard coal]]. Gas produced by the plant would have been used for power and heat generation, or for the production of other chemicals.


The project has since been discontinued for lack of funding, due in part to the low carbon price as CCS investments generally do not provide large incentives.<ref>{{cite report
== Concept ==
| url = https://www.fni.no/getfile.php/131921/Filer/Publikasjoner/FNI-R0814.pdf
The zero carbon emissions are planned to be achieved by the combination of [[integrated gasification combined cycle]] and [[carbon capture and storage]], as well as the supplement of up to 10% [[biomass]] in the [[combustion]] process. The generated CO<sub>2</sub> will be utilized by depositing it underground in the deep layers of porous rock of the [[Jurassic]] and [[Triassic]] period, located at the depth of over one kilometer, and by chemical sequestration of CO<sub>2</sub> in [[methanol]], [[urea]] and other chemical products. As a result, the total reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions will amount to nearly three million tons annually (92%). Taking into account the biomass as a renewable energy source excluded from the carbon balance, it is even possible to achieve a negative CO<sub>2</sub> emissions.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
| title = Implementing EU Climate and Energy Policies in Poland: From Europeanization to Polonization?
| last = Skjærseth
| first = Jon Birger
| date = August 2014
| website = www.usea.org
| publisher = [[Nansen Institute|Fridtjof Nansen Institute]]
| location = [[Polhøgda]], [[Bærum]]
| pages = 23–24
| language =
| type =
| isbn = 978-82-7613-683-8
| access-date = 28 March 2017}}</ref>


== Technical specifications ==
== Technical specifications ==


===Gasification of coal===
===Gasification of coal===
Coal is converted into synthesis gas by the integrated gasification combined cycle technology. CO<sub>2</sub> separation is required in order to obtain a gas composition adequate for further processing. As a result of the gas purification process the obtained CO<sub>2</sub> has a concentration of up to 99%, which permits its commercial use or storage.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
Coal could be converted into synthesis gas by the integrated gasification, combined cycle technology. CO<sub>2</sub> separation would be required in order to obtain a gas composition adequate for further processing. As a result of the gas purification process, the obtained CO<sub>2</sub> would maintain a concentration of up to 99%, which permits its commercial use or storage.<ref>{{cite report
|url=https://www.usea.org/sites/default/files/082010_Prospects%20for%20coal%2C%20CCTs%20and%20CCS%20in%20the%20European%20Union_ccc173.pdf

|title=Prospects for coal, CCTs and CCS in the European Union
===Polygeneration===
|last=Stephen
The demonstration plant will be generating electricity and thermal power, while CO<sub>2</sub> will be sequestrated and purified for the production of carbo-chemical products or stored underground. Two gasification reactors of identical capacity can be used in an exchangeable way in order to either adapt to enhanced needs in the production of synthesis gas or the generation of electric energy.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
|first=Mills

|date=August 2010
===Pre-combustion carbon capture and storage===
|website=www.usea.org
The use of integrated gasification combined cycle technology allows to remove the carbon content of coal before burning it (pre-combustion carbon capture). As a consequence the costs of carbon capture are reduced as the only costs that occur are the carbon compression and its transport to an underground storage. There are no additional separation costs which are usually very high in post-combustion carbon capture. CO<sub>2</sub> is injected more than one kilometre under ground into porous Jurassic and Triassic sandstones. Four areas within a range of {{convert|150|km}} from Kędzierzyn-Koźle can come into consideration for permanent underground carbon storage. The biggest of these four areas can store up to 30&nbsp;million tonnes of CO<sub>2</sub>.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
|publisher=IEA Clean Coal Centre

|location=London
===Chemical sequestration and carbo-chemical production===
|page=52
Around 23% of CO<sub>2</sub> will be used and thus permanently captured in chemical products such as [[methanol]], [[fertilizer]]s or [[polycarbonates]]. The [[Carbon sequestration#Chemical techniques|chemical sequestration]] of CO<sub>2</sub> takes place as part of the carbon-dioxide, which would normally have been emitted, is used for the chemical industry. Taking into account both the pre-combustion carbon capture as well as the chemical sequestration, a total reduction of 92% of potential CO<sub>2</sub> emissions can be achieved.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
|language=
|type=
|isbn=978-92-9029-493-1
|access-date=28 March 2017
}}</ref>


== Technical parameters ==
== Technical parameters ==
Line 67: Line 77:
|Fuel consumption
|Fuel consumption
|
|
|<ref>{{cite report
|
|url=https://www.usea.org/sites/default/files/092013_Combining%20renewable%20energy%20with%20coal_ccc223.pdf
|title=Combining renewable energy with coal
|last=Stephen
|first=Mills
|date=September 2013
|website=www.usea.org
|publisher=IEA Clean Coal Centre
|location=London
|page=67
|language=
|type=
|isbn=978-92-9029-543-3
|access-date=28 March 2017
}}</ref>
|-
|-
|align="right" |''power coal''
|align="right" |''power coal''
|align="center" |[[mio Mg]]/year
|align="center" |[[Tonne|Mtonne]]/year
|align="center" |2.07
|align="center" |2.0
|-
|-
|align="right" |''biomass''
|align="right" |''biomass''
|align="center" |mio Mg/year
|align="center" |Mtonne/year
|align="center" |0.23
|align="center" |0.25
|-
|-
|Thermal power
|Thermal power
Line 83: Line 107:
|Electric Power
|Electric Power
|align="center" |[[MWe]]
|align="center" |[[MWe]]
|align="center" |309
|align="center" |300
|-
|-
|Synthesis gas production:
|Synthesis gas production:
|align="center" |[[bn Nm]]<sup>3</sup>/year
|align="center" |[[Cubic metre|Gm<sup>3</sup>]]/year
|align="center" |1.55
|align="center" |1.55
|-
|-
|align="right" |''equivalent methanol quantity''
|align="right" |''equivalent methanol quantity''
|align="center" |Mg/year
|align="center" |[[Tonne|ktonne]]/year
|align="center" |550
|align="center" |550
|-
|-
|Captured CO<sub>2</sub>
|Captured CO<sub>2</sub>
|align="center" |mio Mg/year
|align="center" |Mtonne/year
|align="center" |3.38
|align="center" |3.38{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
|-
|-
|align="right" |''neutralised (sequestrated) CO<sub>2</sub>''
|align="right" |''neutralised (sequestrated) CO<sub>2</sub>''
|align="center" |mio Mg/year
|align="center" |Mtonne/year
|align="center" |2.54
|align="center" |2.5
|-
|-
|align="right" |''equivalent contained in synthesis gas for methanol''
|align="right" |''equivalent contained in synthesis gas for methanol''
|align="center" |mio Mg/year
|align="center" |Mtonne/year
|align="center" |0.84
|align="center" |0.84{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
|-
|-
|CO<sub>2</sub> emissions
|CO<sub>2</sub> emissions
|align="center" |%
|align="center" |%
|align="center" |8<sup>x</sup>
|align="center" |8<sup>x</sup>{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
|-
|-
|Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions
|Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions
|align="center" |%
|align="center" |%
|align="center" |92
|align="center" |92{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
|}
|}{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}

<sup>x</sup> Introduction of biomass into the combustion process can result in negative total carbon emission


Units and abbreviations used are:
Units and abbreviations used are:
* Mtonne: Million tonnes
* Mio: Millions. 10<sup>6</sup>.
* ktonne: Thousand tonnes
* Mg: Megagrams. 1 Mg == 1 million grams == 1 thousand kg == 1 [[tonne]].
* Gm<sup>3</sup>: Billions cubic metre
* Mio Mg. Million megagrams == million tonnes.
* bn: Billions. 10<sup>9</sup>.
* Nm<sup>3</sup>: Normal cubic meter


== Developers ==
== Developers ==
The project is developed the cooperation of chemicals producer [[Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn]] and electricity company [[Południowy Koncern Energetyczny]].{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}
The project is developed through cooperation of chemicals producer [[Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn]] and electricity company [[Południowy Koncern Energetyczny]].<ref name=euroactiv/>


== Media response ==
== Media response ==
The technically innovative concept of the Kędzierzyn Zero-Emission Plant was received with great interest by the international press, such as the New York Times,<ref>[http://greeninc.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/17/does-funding-carbon-capture-boost-energy-security/ Does Funding Carbon Capture Boost Energy Security?]</ref> the Guardian,<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/feb/25/carbon-capture-storage-emissions-coal/ Carbon capture and storage around the world]</ref> or EurActiv.<ref>{{cite web
The Kędzierzyn Zero-Emission Plant was received with interest by the international press, such as the New York Times,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanter |first=James |date=2009-02-17 |title=Does Funding Carbon Capture Boost Energy Security? |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/green.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/17/does-funding-carbon-capture-boost-energy-security/ |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=Green Blog |language=en}}</ref> the Guardian,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-02-25 |title=Background guide: Carbon capture and storage around the world |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/feb/25/carbon-capture-storage-emissions-coal |access-date=2023-03-11 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> or EurActiv.<ref name=euroactiv>{{cite web
| url = http://www.euractiv.com/en/energy/poles-seek-funding-zero-emission-plant/article-179533/
|url=http://www.euractiv.com/en/energy/poles-seek-funding-zero-emission-plant/article-179533/
| title = Poles seek funding for zero-emission plant
|title=Poles seek funding for zero-emission plant
|date=18 February 2009
| last =
|website=www.euractiv.com
| first =
|publisher=[[EURACTIV|EurActiv.com PLC]]
| author-link =
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609203201/http://www.euractiv.com/en/energy/poles-seek-funding-zero-emission-plant/article-179533
| date = 18 February 2009
|archive-date= 9 June 2011
| format =
|url-status=dead
| website = www.euractiv.com
|access-date=28 March 2017
| publisher = [[EURACTIV|EurActiv.com PLC]]
| pages =
| language =
| archive-url = http://web.archive.org/web/20110609203201/http://www.euractiv.com/en/energy/poles-seek-funding-zero-emission-plant/article-179533
| archive-date = 9 June 2011
| dead-url = yes
| access-date = 28 March 2017
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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* [http://ec.europa.eu/energy/oil/berlin_forum/berlin_forum_en.htm/ Berlin Forum on Fossil Fuels]
* [http://ec.europa.eu/energy/oil/berlin_forum/berlin_forum_en.htm/ Berlin Forum on Fossil Fuels]
* [http://www.co2geonet.com/ European Network of Excellence on Geological Storage of CO<sub>2</sub>]
* [http://www.co2geonet.com/ European Network of Excellence on Geological Storage of CO<sub>2</sub>]
* [http://www.co2net.com/ Carbon Dioxide Knowledge Transfer Network]
* [http://www.co2net.com/ Carbon Dioxide Knowledge Transfer Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225060134/http://www.co2net.com/ |date=2017-12-25 }}
* [http://www.zero-emissionplatform.eu/website/index.html/ European Technology Platform for Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090312060339/http://www.zero-emissionplatform.eu/website/index.html European Technology Platform for Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants]
* [http://co2neteast.energnet.com/ CO<sub>2</sub>NET EAST] (Information portal for CO<sub>2</sub> capture and storage technologies)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140403035613/http://co2neteast.energnet.com/ CO<sub>2</sub>NET EAST] (Information portal for CO<sub>2</sub> capture and storage technologies)
* European Commission, DG Research - [http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/nn/nn_rt/nn_rt_co/article_1150_en.htm/ Introduction to CO<sub>2</sub> capture and storage]
* European Commission, DG Research - [http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/nn/nn_rt/nn_rt_co/article_1150_en.htm/ Introduction to CO<sub>2</sub> capture and storage]
* [http://www.fenco-era.net/ Fossil Energy Coalition]
* [http://www.fenco-era.net/ Fossil Energy Coalition]
* [http://www.euractiv.com/en/climate-change/carbon-capture-storage/article-157806/ EurActiv - Carbon capture and storage]
* [http://www.euractiv.com/en/climate-change/carbon-capture-storage/article-157806/ EurActiv - Carbon capture and storage]
* IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme - [http://www.co2captureandstorage.info// CO<sub>2</sub> capture and storage]
* IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme - [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721193227/http://www.co2captureandstorage.info// CO<sub>2</sub> capture and storage]
* CORDIS - [http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/energy/about6_en.html/ Clean Coal Technologies]
* CORDIS - [http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/energy/about6_en.html/ Clean Coal Technologies]
{{coord missing|Opole Voivodeship}}
{{coord missing|Opole Voivodeship}}

[[Category:Coal-fired power stations in Poland]]
[[Category:Coal-fired power stations in Poland]]
[[Category:Proposed coal-fired power stations]]
[[Category:Proposed coal-fired power stations]]
[[Category:Kędzierzyn-Koźle County]]
[[Category:Kędzierzyn-Koźle County]]
[[Category:Proposed power stations in Poland]]
[[Category:Proposed power stations in Poland]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Opole Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kędzierzyn-Koźle|Plant]]

Latest revision as of 23:10, 18 August 2024

Kędzierzyn Zero-Emission Plant
CountryPoland
LocationKędzierzyn-Koźle
StatusCancelled
OwnerPKE
Thermal power station
Primary fuelCoal
Secondary fuelBiomass
Combined cycle?Yes
Cogeneration?Yes
Power generation
Nameplate capacity309 MW
[edit on Wikidata]

The Kędzierzyn Zero-Emission Power and Chemical Complex was a proposed facility in Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland. It was planned to combine the functions of power and heat generation with chemical production and carbon capture and storage. The project was proposed by a consortium of chemicals producers, including Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn and the electricity company Południowy Koncern Energetyczny. The facility would have produced synthesis gas by gasification of hard coal. Gas produced by the plant would have been used for power and heat generation, or for the production of other chemicals.

The project has since been discontinued for lack of funding, due in part to the low carbon price as CCS investments generally do not provide large incentives.[1]

Technical specifications

[edit]

Gasification of coal

[edit]

Coal could be converted into synthesis gas by the integrated gasification, combined cycle technology. CO2 separation would be required in order to obtain a gas composition adequate for further processing. As a result of the gas purification process, the obtained CO2 would maintain a concentration of up to 99%, which permits its commercial use or storage.[2]

Technical parameters

[edit]
Parameters Units Zero-Emission Power &
Chemical Complex
Fuel consumption [3]
power coal Mtonne/year 2.0
biomass Mtonne/year 0.25
Thermal power MWt 137
Electric Power MWe 300
Synthesis gas production: Gm3/year 1.55
equivalent methanol quantity ktonne/year 550
Captured CO2 Mtonne/year 3.38[citation needed]
neutralised (sequestrated) CO2 Mtonne/year 2.5
equivalent contained in synthesis gas for methanol Mtonne/year 0.84[citation needed]
CO2 emissions % 8x[citation needed]
Reduction of CO2 emissions % 92[citation needed]

Units and abbreviations used are:

  • Mtonne: Million tonnes
  • ktonne: Thousand tonnes
  • Gm3: Billions cubic metre

Developers

[edit]

The project is developed through cooperation of chemicals producer Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn and electricity company Południowy Koncern Energetyczny.[4]

Media response

[edit]

The Kędzierzyn Zero-Emission Plant was received with interest by the international press, such as the New York Times,[5] the Guardian,[6] or EurActiv.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Skjærseth, Jon Birger (August 2014). Implementing EU Climate and Energy Policies in Poland: From Europeanization to Polonization? (PDF). www.usea.org (Report). Polhøgda, Bærum: Fridtjof Nansen Institute. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-82-7613-683-8. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  2. ^ Stephen, Mills (August 2010). Prospects for coal, CCTs and CCS in the European Union (PDF). www.usea.org (Report). London: IEA Clean Coal Centre. p. 52. ISBN 978-92-9029-493-1. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  3. ^ Stephen, Mills (September 2013). Combining renewable energy with coal (PDF). www.usea.org (Report). London: IEA Clean Coal Centre. p. 67. ISBN 978-92-9029-543-3. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  4. ^ a b "Poles seek funding for zero-emission plant". www.euractiv.com. EurActiv.com PLC. 18 February 2009. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  5. ^ Kanter, James (2009-02-17). "Does Funding Carbon Capture Boost Energy Security?". Green Blog. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
  6. ^ "Background guide: Carbon capture and storage around the world". The Guardian. 2009-02-25. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
[edit]

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