Jump to content

Yuanzheng: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Language clean-up
Citation bot (talk | contribs)
Bots
5,416,971 edits
Altered doi-broken-date. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | #UCB_CommandLine
 
(123 intermediate revisions by 34 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Chinese upper rocket stage}}
{{Infobox rocket stage
{{Infobox rocket stage
<!-- Image -->
<!-- Image -->
|image = <!--image filename (omit "Image:" prefix)-->
|image =
|caption = <!--image caption-->
|caption = <!--image caption-->
<!-- Basic information -->
<!-- Basic information -->
|name = Yuanzheng-1<ref name=b14643-cz3pg />
|name = Yuanzheng
|manufacturer = [[China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology|CALT]]
|manufacturer = [[China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology|CALT]]
|country = [[China]]
|country = [[China]]
|rockets = [[Long March rocket family]] <br/> ([[Long March 2C|2C]]{{,}} [[Long March 2D|2D]]{{,}} [[Long March 3B|3B]]{{,}} [[Long March 3C|3C]]{{,}} [[Long March 5|5]]{{,}} [[Long March 7|7]])
⚫
|rockets = [[Long March 3C]] fourth stage.<ref name=b14643-cz3pg />
<!-- General characteristics -->
<!-- General characteristics -->
|height =
|height =
Line 17: Line 18:
|family = <!--if a member of a family of stages-->
|family = <!--if a member of a family of stages-->
|derived_from =
|derived_from =
|derivatives =
|derivatives =
|comparable = [[Fregat]]
|comparable = [[Fregat]]
<!-- Launch history -->
<!-- Launch history -->
|status = Active
|status = Active
|launches = 2
|launches = 29<!-- UPDATE after each flight -->
|success = 2
|success = 28
|fail = 0
|fail = 1
|noburn = 0
|noburn = 0
|other_outcome = <!--other-->
|other_outcome = <!--other-->
|first = 2015-03-30 [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS I1-S]] Mission
|first = 30 March 2015<br/>[[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BeiDou]] I1-S
|last =
|last = 21 March 2024<br/>Yunhai-2 Group 02
|only = <!--date of launch if stage flew only once-->
|only = <!--date of launch if stage flew only once-->
<!-- Engine details -->
<!-- Engine details -->
{{Infobox rocket/stage
⚫
|engines = 1 YF-50D<ref name=b14643-cz3pg /><ref name=cascqq-20150726 />
| name = Yuanzheng
|thrust = {{convert|6.5|kN|lbf|abbr=on}}<ref name=b14643-cz3pg />
⚫
|engines = 1 × YF-50D<ref name=cascqq-20150726 />
⚫
|thrust = {{cvt|6.5|kN}}<ref name=b14643-cz3pg />
|SI = 315.5 seconds<ref name=b14643-cz3pg />
|SI = 315.5 seconds<ref name=b14643-cz3pg />
|time =
|burntime =
|fuel = [[dinitrogen tetroxide|N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>]]/[[UDMH]]<ref name=b14643-cz3pg />
|fuel = {{N2O4}} / [[UDMH]]
⚫
}}
}}
}}


'''Yuanzheng''' ({{zh|c=远征|p=Yuǎn Zhēng|l=Expedition}}) is a restartable [[upper stage]] developed by the [[China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology]] (CALT) for the [[Long March rocket family]].
The '''Yuanzheng-1''' (AKA '''YZ-1''') is an [[upper stage]] developed by [[China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology|CALT]] to enables the [[Long March 3B]] and [[Long March 3C]] to deploy directly to high energy orbits like [[Medium Earth orbit|MEO]] and [[Geostationary orbit|GSO]]. Since the third stage of these rocket can not restart, it can not circularize orbit from a [[Geostationary transfer orbit|GTO]] transfer. Not only the restart capabilities are required, but the upper stage had the remain operational during the time to reach the orbit apogee to execute the circularization burn. For a standard GTO transfer, this is of around 6 hours. The YZ-1 was developed to meet these requirements and enabled the deployment of satellite pairs for [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BiDou]] directly to their orbits or communications satellite directly to [[Geostationary orbit|GSO]]. This way, the spacecrafts do not need an [[Liquid Apogee Engine|LAE]] or [[Apogee kick motor|APK]].<ref name=masv329-24 />


The Yuanzheng stage enables the Chinese [[launch vehicle]]s to deploy [[payload]]s directly to high-energy orbits such as [[medium Earth orbit]] (MEO) and [[geosynchronous orbit]] (GSO). Since the Long March third stage cannot restart, it cannot circularize a [[geosynchronous orbit|GSO]] or [[geostationary orbit|GEO]] orbit from a geosyncronous transfer orbit ([[geostationary transfer orbit|GTO]]). With its restart capability, Yuanzheng has enabled the deployment of satellite pairs for the [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System]] in MEO and communications satellites in GSO. This eliminates the need for the spacecraft to include a [[liquid apogee engine]] or an [[apogee kick motor]].<ref name="masv329-24" />
⚫
It has a thrust of {{convert|6.5|kN|lbf|abbr=on}} with an [[Specific impulse|isp]] of 315.5 seconds. I uses the storable propellant [[dinitrogen tetroxide|N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>]]/[[UDMH]] can perform at least two burn within its rated life of 6.5 hours.<ref name=b14643-yz1 />

⚫
Yuanzheng has a thrust of {{cvt|6.5|kN}} with a [[specific impulse]] of 315.5 seconds. It uses the storable [[hypergolic]] propellants [[unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine]] (UDMH) and [[dinitrogen tetroxide]] ({{N2O4}}), and can perform at least two burns within its rated life of 6.5 hours, sufficient to reach the transfer orbit apogee, and perform the circularization burn from there.<ref name=b14643-yz1 />

Operational variants are designated '''YZ-1''' for [[Long March 3B]] and [[Long March 3C|3C]], '''YZ-1A''' for [[Long March 7]], '''YZ-1S''' for [[Long March 2C]], '''YZ-2''' for [[Long March 5]], and '''YZ-3''' for [[Long March 2D]].

⚫
== Models ==
[[File:Yuanzheng upper stages.jpg|800px|thumb|center|alt=Yuanzheng upper stages from left to right: YZ-1, YZ-1A, YZ-1S, YZ-2, YZ-3|Yuanzheng upper stages from left to right: YZ-1, YZ-1A, YZ-1S, YZ-2, YZ-3]]


== History ==
== History ==
Yuanzheng was presented in a 2013 paper<ref name="masv329-24" /> and performed its first mission on 30 May 2015. The debut flight of the [[Long March 7]] in 2016 included an improved version called Yuanzheng-1A that can flexibly deploy multiple payloads into various target orbits.<ref name=spacechina-20160625 /> Further variants were later deployed for [[Long March 5]] (YZ-2) in 2016, [[Long March 2C]] (YZ-1S) and [[Long March 2D]] (YZ-3) in 2018.
Little is known at the time regarding this stage. Besides the basic characteristics, it is known that there will be a second version specifically designed for the [[Long March 5]] called '''Yuanzheng-2'''. It was presented in a 2013 paper.<ref name=masv329-24 /> And had its first flight on


{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Flight
No.
!Date (UTC)
!Date (UTC)
!Carrier Rocket
!Carrier Rocket
!Stage Model
!Stage Model
!Serial Number
!Launch site
!Launch site
!Mission
!Mission
!Result
!Result
|-
|-
|2015-03-30 (13:52) || [[Long March 3C]] || '''YZ-1''' || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]] || [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS I1-S]] || Success
| {{0}}1 || 2015-03-30<br />13:52 || [[Long March 3C]] || '''YZ-1''' || Y1 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]] || [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS I1-S]] || {{Success}}
|-
|-
|2015-07-25 (12:29) || [[Long March 3B]] || '''YZ-1''' || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]] || [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS M1-S]] / [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS M2-S]] || Success
| {{0}}2 || 2015-07-25<br />12:29 || [[Long March 3B]] || '''YZ-1''' || Y2 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]] || [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS M1-S]] / [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS M2-S]] || {{Success}}
|-
|-
| {{0}}3 || 2016-02-01<br />07:29 || [[Long March 3C]] || '''YZ-1''' || Y3 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]] || [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS M3-S]] || {{Success}}
|-
| {{0}}4 || 2016-06-25<br />12:00 || [[Long March 7]] || '''YZ-1A''' || Y1 || [[Wenchang Satellite Launch Center|Wenchang]] || Inaugural Mission || {{Success}}
|-
| {{0}}5 || 2016-11-3<br />12:43 || [[Long March 5]] || '''YZ-2''' || Y1 || [[Wenchang Satellite Launch Center|Wenchang]] || Inaugural Mission || {{Success}}
|-
| {{0}}6 || 2017-11-5<br />11:45 || [[Long March 3B]] || '''YZ-1''' || Y4 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]] || [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M1]]<br />[[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M2]] || {{Success}}
|-
| {{0}}7 || 2018-01-11<br />23:18 || [[Long March 3B]] || '''YZ-1''' || Y5 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]] || [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M7]]<br />[[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M8]] || {{Success}}
|-
| {{0}}8 || 2018-02-12<br />05:03 || [[Long March 3B]] || '''YZ-1''' || Y6 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]] || [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M3]]<br />[[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M4]] || {{Success}}
|-
| {{0}}9 || 2018-03-29<br />17:56 || [[Long March 3B]] || '''YZ-1''' || Y7 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]] || [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M9]]<br />[[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M10]] || {{Success}}
|-
| 10 || 2018-07-29<br />01:48 || [[Long March 3B]] || '''YZ-1''' || Y8 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]] || [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M5]]<br />[[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M6]] || {{Success}}
|-
| 11 || 2018-08-24<br />23:52 || [[Long March 3B]] || '''YZ-1''' || Y9 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]] || [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M11]]<br />[[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M12]] || {{Success}}
|-
| 12 || 2018-09-19<br />14:07 || [[Long March 3B]] || '''YZ-1''' || Y10 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]] || [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M13]]<br />[[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M14]] || {{Success}}
|-
| 13 || 2018-10-09<br />02:43 || [[Long March 2C]] || '''YZ-1S''' || Y1 || [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan]] || [[Yaogan]] 32A, 32B || {{Success}}
|-
| 14 || 2018-10-15<br />04:23 || [[Long March 3B]] || '''YZ-1''' || Y11 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]] || [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M15]]<br />[[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M16]] || {{Success}}
|-
| 15 || 2018-11-18<br />18:00 || [[Long March 3B]] || '''YZ-1''' || Y12 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]] || [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M17]]<br />[[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M18]] || {{Success}}
|-
| 16 || 2018-12-29<br />08:00 || [[Long March 2D]] || '''YZ-3''' || Y1 || [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan]] || Yunhai-2 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06<br />Hongyan-1 || {{Success}}
|-
| 17 || 2019-09-22<br />21:10 || [[Long March 3B]]/E || '''YZ-1''' || Y13 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]]|| [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M23]]<br />[[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BDS]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M24]] || {{Success}}
|-
| 18 || 2019-11-23<br />00:55 || [[Long March 3B]]/E || '''YZ-1''' || Y14 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]]|| [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BeiDou]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M21]]<br />[[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BeiDou]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M22]] || {{Success}}
|-
| 19 || 2019-12-16<br />07:22 || [[Long March 3B]]/E || '''YZ-1''' || Y15 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]]|| [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BeiDou]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M19]] <br /> [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BeiDou]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M20]] || {{Success}}
|-
| 20 || 2021-08-24<br />11:15 || [[Long March 2C]] || '''YZ-1S''' || Y2 || [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan]]|| RSW-01<br />RSW-02<br />unknown payload || {{Success}}
|-
| 21 || 2021-11-03<br />07:43 || [[Long March 2C]] || '''YZ-1S''' || Y4 || [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan]]|| [[Yaogan]] 32-02A, 32-02B || {{Success}}
|-
| 22 || 2022-05-20<br />10:30 || [[Long March 2C]] || '''YZ-1S''' || Y5 || [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan]]|| LEO Test Sat 1/2<br/>Digui Tongxin Weixing || {{Success}}
|-
| 23 || 2023-07-09<br />11:00 || [[Long March 2C]] || '''YZ-1S''' || Y3 || [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan]]|| Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 1A<br/>Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 1B || {{Success}}
|-
| 24 || 2023-11-16<br />03:55 || [[Long March 2C]] || '''YZ-1S''' || Y9 || [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan]]|| [[Haiyang (satellite)|Haiyang-3A]] || {{Success}}
|-
| 25 || 2023-11-23<br />10:00 || [[Long March 2D]] || '''YZ-3''' || Y2 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]]|| Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 2A<br/>Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 2B<br/>Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 2C || {{Success}}
|-
| 26 || 2023-12-26<br />03:26 || [[Long March 3B]]/E || '''YZ-1''' || Y16 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]]|| [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BeiDou]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M25]] <br /> [[BeiDou Navigation Satellite System|BeiDou]]-3 [[List of BeiDou satellites|M26]] || {{Success}}
|-
| 27 || 2023-12-30<br />00:13 || [[Long March 2C]] || '''YZ-1S''' || Y17 || [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan]]|| Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 4A<br/>Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 4B<br/>Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 4C || {{Success}}
|-
| 28 || 2024-03-13<br />12:51 || [[Long March 2C]] || '''YZ-1S''' || Y18 || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang]]|| DRO-A<br/>DRO-B || {{Failure}}
|-
| 29 || 2024-03-21<br />05:27 || [[Long March 2D]] || '''YZ-3''' || Y3 || [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan]]|| Yunhai-2 Group 02 || {{Success}}
|}
|}


== Versions ==
== Versions ==
Currently, there is known to be two versions:
Currently, there is known to be five versions:
* '''Yuanzheng-1''' (AKA '''YZ-1'''): Initial version used with the [[Long March 3]].
* '''Yuanzheng-1''' (AKA '''YZ-1''') ({{zh|c=远征一号|p=Yuǎn Zhēng Yī Hào|l=Expedition One}}): Initial version used with the [[Long March 3]]. It could perform missions of 6.5 hours, make two ignitions, perform one spacecraft deployment operation.<ref name=chinanews-20160625 /><ref name=chinaspaceflight-upperstageyz1 />
* '''Yuanzheng-1A''' (AKA '''YZ-1A''') ({{zh|c=远征一号甲|p=Yuǎn Zhēng Yī Hào Jiǎ|l=Expedition One A}}): Improved version used with the [[Long March 7]]. Improved version with mission life extended to 48hs, capability to perform at least 9 ignitions and ability to do 7 different separation events. It also includes improved thermal control system, guidance algorithms and orbit planning for multiple payload deployment missions. It will be used as the base system for future deep space propulsion stages, space tugs and orbital servicing and debris removal spacecraft.<ref name=chinanews-20160625 /><ref name=chinaspaceflight-upperstageyz1a />
⚫
* '''Yuanzheng-2''' (AKA '''YZ-2'''): New version used with the [[Long March 5]].
* '''Yuanzheng-1S''' (AKA '''YZ-1S''') ({{zh|c=远征一号商业型|p=Yuǎn Zhēng Yī Hào Shāng Yè Xíng|l=Expedition One Commercial Version}}): Improved version used with the [[Long March 2C]].

* '''Yuanzheng-2''' (AKA '''YZ-2''') ({{zh|c=远征二号|p=Yuǎn Zhēng Èr Hào|l=Expedition Two}}): New version used with the {{convert|5.2|m|abbr=on}} [[Long March 5]] upper stage.<ref name=chinaspaceflight-upperstage67 />
⚫
== See Also ==
⚫
* '''Yuanzheng-3''' (AKA '''YZ-3''') ({{zh|c=远征三号|p=Yuǎn Zhēng Sān Hào|l=Expedition Three}}): New version used with the [[Long March 2D]].
* [[Long March 3]]
* [[Long March 5]]
* [[China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology|CALT]]
* [[Fregat]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=b14643-yz1>{{cite web |url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/China/CZ-NGLV/Propulsion/spacetug.htm |title=YZ-1 space tug |website=B14643.DE |author=Norbert Bgügge |accessdate=2015-07-25}}</ref>
<ref name=b14643-yz1>{{cite web |url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/China/CZ-NGLV/Propulsion/spacetug.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150825122058/http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/China/CZ-NGLV/Propulsion/spacetug.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 25, 2015 |title=YZ-1 space tug |website=B14643.DE |author=Norbert Bgügge |access-date=2015-07-25 }}</ref>
<ref name=b14643-cz3pg>{{cite web |url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/China/CZ-3/Gallery/CZ-3CE.htm |title=Photo Gallery CZ-3CE |website=B14643.DE |author=Norbert Bgügge |accessdate=2015-07-25}}</ref>
<ref name=b14643-cz3pg>{{cite web |url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/China/CZ-3/Gallery/CZ-3CE.htm |title=Photo Gallery CZ-3CE |website=B14643.DE |author=Norbert Bgügge |access-date=2015-07-25}}</ref>
<ref name=cascqq-20150726>{{cite web |url=http://www.casc11.com/news/show.asp?id=1184 |title=New Launch |website=www.casc11.com |publisher=Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute |date=2015-07-26 |language=Chinese |accessdate=2015-08-02}}</ref>
<ref name=cascqq-20150726>{{cite web |url=http://www.casc11.com/news/show.asp?id=1184 |title=New Launch |website=www.casc11.com |publisher=Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute |date=2015-07-26 |language=zh |access-date=2015-08-02}}</ref>
<ref name=chinanews-20160625>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2016/06-25/7917513.shtml |title=升级版的中国"太空摆渡车"将带来什么? |trans-title=What will enable the upgraded space bus? |website=www.chinanews.com |date=2016-06-25 |language=zh |access-date=2016-06-27}}</ref>
⚫
<ref name=masv329-24>{{cite journal |first=Ma |last1=Kun |first2=Guo |last2=Wu |first3=Guan |last3=Song |first4=Ma |last4=Zhibin |first5=Li |last5=Tongyu |title=上面级发展现状及趋势分析 |trans-title=Development Status and Trend Analysis of Upper Stages |journal=MISSILES AND SPACE VEHICLES |volume=No.6 2013 |issue=329 |pages=24-28 |date=2013 |language=Chinese |doi=10.7654/j.issn.1004-7182.20130606 |accessdate=2015-07-25}}</ref>
<ref name=chinaspaceflight-upperstage67>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinaspaceflight.com/rocket/upper-stage/67.html |title=远征二号上面级：今年发射的"长征五号"火箭将启用新研制上面级"远征二号" |trans-title=Yuanzheng-2 upper stage: this year's launch of the Long March 5 rocket upper stage will enable the development of new "Yuanzheng-2" |website=www.chinaspaceflight.com |date=2016-03-30 |language=zh |access-date=2016-06-30}}</ref>
⚫
}}
<ref name=chinaspaceflight-upperstageyz1>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinaspaceflight.com/rocket/upper-stage/YZ-1/yuanzheng1.html |title=远征一号上面级 |trans-title=Yuanzheng-1 Upper Stage |website=www.chinaspaceflight.com |date=2016-06-07 |language=zh |access-date=2016-06-30}}</ref>
<ref name=chinaspaceflight-upperstageyz1a>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinaspaceflight.com/rocket/upper-stage/YZ-1/yuanzheng1.html |title=远征一号甲上面级(YZ-1A) |trans-title=Yuanzheng-1A Upper Stage (YZ-1) |website=www.chinaspaceflight.com |date=2016-06-26 |language=zh |access-date=2016-06-30}}</ref>
⚫
<ref name="masv329-24">{{Cite journal |last1=Kun |first1=Ma |last2=Wu |first2=Guo |last3=Song |first3=Guan |last4=Zhibin |first4=Ma |last5=Tongyu |first5=Li |date=2013 |title=上面级发展现状及趋势分析 |trans-title=Development Status and Trend Analysis of Upper Stages |journal=Missiles and Space Vehicles |language=zh |volume=6 |issue=329 |pages=24–28 |doi=10.7654/j.issn.1004-7182.20130606 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024}}</ref>
<ref name=spacechina-20160625>{{cite web |url=http://www.spacechina.com/n25/n144/n206/n214/c1339839/content.html |title=长征七号首飞成功 空间实验室任务大幕拉开 |trans-title=Successful maiden flight of the Long March 7 mission Damulakai |website=www.spacechina.com |date=2016-06-25 |language=zh |access-date=2016-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628013425/http://www.spacechina.com/n25/n144/n206/n214/c1339839/content.html |archive-date=28 June 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}


{{Upper stages}}
{{Upper stages}}

Latest revision as of 16:44, 2 November 2024

Yuanzheng
ManufacturerCALT
Country of originChina
Used onLong March rocket family
(2C · 2D · 3B · 3C · 5 · 7)
Associated stages
ComparableFregat
Launch history
StatusActive
Total launches29
Successes
(stage only)		28
Failed1
Lower stage
failed		0
First flight30 March 2015
BeiDou I1-S
Last flight21 March 2024
Yunhai-2 Group 02
Launch date
Yuanzheng
Powered by1 × YF-50D[1]
Maximum thrust6.5 kN (1,500 lbf)[2]
Specific impulse315.5 seconds[2]
PropellantN2O4 / UDMH

Yuanzheng (Chinese: 远征; pinyin: Yuǎn Zhēng; lit. 'Expedition') is a restartable upper stage developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT) for the Long March rocket family.

The Yuanzheng stage enables the Chinese launch vehicles to deploy payloads directly to high-energy orbits such as medium Earth orbit (MEO) and geosynchronous orbit (GSO). Since the Long March third stage cannot restart, it cannot circularize a GSO or GEO orbit from a geosyncronous transfer orbit (GTO). With its restart capability, Yuanzheng has enabled the deployment of satellite pairs for the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System in MEO and communications satellites in GSO. This eliminates the need for the spacecraft to include a liquid apogee engine or an apogee kick motor.[3]

Yuanzheng has a thrust of 6.5 kN (1,500 lbf) with a specific impulse of 315.5 seconds. It uses the storable hypergolic propellants unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4), and can perform at least two burns within its rated life of 6.5 hours, sufficient to reach the transfer orbit apogee, and perform the circularization burn from there.[4]

Operational variants are designated YZ-1 for Long March 3B and 3C, YZ-1A for Long March 7, YZ-1S for Long March 2C, YZ-2 for Long March 5, and YZ-3 for Long March 2D.

Models

[edit]
Yuanzheng upper stages from left to right: YZ-1, YZ-1A, YZ-1S, YZ-2, YZ-3
Yuanzheng upper stages from left to right: YZ-1, YZ-1A, YZ-1S, YZ-2, YZ-3

History

[edit]

Yuanzheng was presented in a 2013 paper[3] and performed its first mission on 30 May 2015. The debut flight of the Long March 7 in 2016 included an improved version called Yuanzheng-1A that can flexibly deploy multiple payloads into various target orbits.[5] Further variants were later deployed for Long March 5 (YZ-2) in 2016, Long March 2C (YZ-1S) and Long March 2D (YZ-3) in 2018.

Flight

No.

Date (UTC) Carrier Rocket Stage Model Serial Number Launch site Mission Result
1 2015-03-30
13:52		 Long March 3C YZ-1 Y1 Xichang BDS I1-S Success
2 2015-07-25
12:29		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Y2 Xichang BDS M1-S / BDS M2-S Success
3 2016-02-01
07:29		 Long March 3C YZ-1 Y3 Xichang BDS M3-S Success
4 2016-06-25
12:00		 Long March 7 YZ-1A Y1 Wenchang Inaugural Mission Success
5 2016-11-3
12:43		 Long March 5 YZ-2 Y1 Wenchang Inaugural Mission Success
6 2017-11-5
11:45		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Y4 Xichang BDS-3 M1
BDS-3 M2		 Success
7 2018-01-11
23:18		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Y5 Xichang BDS-3 M7
BDS-3 M8		 Success
8 2018-02-12
05:03		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Y6 Xichang BDS-3 M3
BDS-3 M4		 Success
9 2018-03-29
17:56		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Y7 Xichang BDS-3 M9
BDS-3 M10		 Success
10 2018-07-29
01:48		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Y8 Xichang BDS-3 M5
BDS-3 M6		 Success
11 2018-08-24
23:52		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Y9 Xichang BDS-3 M11
BDS-3 M12		 Success
12 2018-09-19
14:07		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Y10 Xichang BDS-3 M13
BDS-3 M14		 Success
13 2018-10-09
02:43		 Long March 2C YZ-1S Y1 Jiuquan Yaogan 32A, 32B Success
14 2018-10-15
04:23		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Y11 Xichang BDS-3 M15
BDS-3 M16		 Success
15 2018-11-18
18:00		 Long March 3B YZ-1 Y12 Xichang BDS-3 M17
BDS-3 M18		 Success
16 2018-12-29
08:00		 Long March 2D YZ-3 Y1 Jiuquan Yunhai-2 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06
Hongyan-1		 Success
17 2019-09-22
21:10		 Long March 3B/E YZ-1 Y13 Xichang BDS-3 M23
BDS-3 M24		 Success
18 2019-11-23
00:55		 Long March 3B/E YZ-1 Y14 Xichang BeiDou-3 M21
BeiDou-3 M22		 Success
19 2019-12-16
07:22		 Long March 3B/E YZ-1 Y15 Xichang BeiDou-3 M19
BeiDou-3 M20		 Success
20 2021-08-24
11:15		 Long March 2C YZ-1S Y2 Jiuquan RSW-01
RSW-02
unknown payload		 Success
21 2021-11-03
07:43		 Long March 2C YZ-1S Y4 Jiuquan Yaogan 32-02A, 32-02B Success
22 2022-05-20
10:30		 Long March 2C YZ-1S Y5 Jiuquan LEO Test Sat 1/2
Digui Tongxin Weixing		 Success
23 2023-07-09
11:00		 Long March 2C YZ-1S Y3 Jiuquan Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 1A
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 1B		 Success
24 2023-11-16
03:55		 Long March 2C YZ-1S Y9 Jiuquan Haiyang-3A Success
25 2023-11-23
10:00		 Long March 2D YZ-3 Y2 Xichang Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 2A
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 2B
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 2C		 Success
26 2023-12-26
03:26		 Long March 3B/E YZ-1 Y16 Xichang BeiDou-3 M25
BeiDou-3 M26		 Success
27 2023-12-30
00:13		 Long March 2C YZ-1S Y17 Jiuquan Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 4A
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 4B
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 4C		 Success
28 2024-03-13
12:51		 Long March 2C YZ-1S Y18 Xichang DRO-A
DRO-B		 Failure
29 2024-03-21
05:27		 Long March 2D YZ-3 Y3 Jiuquan Yunhai-2 Group 02 Success

Versions

[edit]

Currently, there is known to be five versions:

  • Yuanzheng-1 (AKA YZ-1) (Chinese: 远征一号; pinyin: Yuǎn Zhēng Yī Hào; lit. 'Expedition One'): Initial version used with the Long March 3. It could perform missions of 6.5 hours, make two ignitions, perform one spacecraft deployment operation.[6][7]
  • Yuanzheng-1A (AKA YZ-1A) (Chinese: 远征一号甲; pinyin: Yuǎn Zhēng Yī Hào Jiǎ; lit. 'Expedition One A'): Improved version used with the Long March 7. Improved version with mission life extended to 48hs, capability to perform at least 9 ignitions and ability to do 7 different separation events. It also includes improved thermal control system, guidance algorithms and orbit planning for multiple payload deployment missions. It will be used as the base system for future deep space propulsion stages, space tugs and orbital servicing and debris removal spacecraft.[6][8]
  • Yuanzheng-1S (AKA YZ-1S) (Chinese: 远征一号商业型; pinyin: Yuǎn Zhēng Yī Hào Shāng Yè Xíng; lit. 'Expedition One Commercial Version'): Improved version used with the Long March 2C.
  • Yuanzheng-2 (AKA YZ-2) (Chinese: 远征二号; pinyin: Yuǎn Zhēng Èr Hào; lit. 'Expedition Two'): New version used with the 5.2 m (17 ft) Long March 5 upper stage.[9]
  • Yuanzheng-3 (AKA YZ-3) (Chinese: 远征三号; pinyin: Yuǎn Zhēng Sān Hào; lit. 'Expedition Three'): New version used with the Long March 2D.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "New Launch". www.casc11.com (in Chinese). Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute. 2015-07-26. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
  2. ^ a b Norbert Bgügge. "Photo Gallery CZ-3CE". B14643.DE. Retrieved 2015-07-25.
  3. ^ a b Kun, Ma; Wu, Guo; Song, Guan; Zhibin, Ma; Tongyu, Li (2013). "上面级发展现状及趋势分析" [Development Status and Trend Analysis of Upper Stages]. Missiles and Space Vehicles (in Chinese). 6 (329): 24–28. doi:10.7654/j.issn.1004-7182.20130606 (inactive 1 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  4. ^ Norbert Bgügge. "YZ-1 space tug". B14643.DE. Archived from the original on August 25, 2015. Retrieved 2015-07-25.
  5. ^ "长征七号首飞成功 空间实验室任务大幕拉开" [Successful maiden flight of the Long March 7 mission Damulakai]. www.spacechina.com (in Chinese). 2016-06-25. Archived from the original on 28 June 2016. Retrieved 2016-06-25.
  6. ^ a b "升级版的中国"太空摆渡车"将带来什么?" [What will enable the upgraded space bus?]. www.chinanews.com (in Chinese). 2016-06-25. Retrieved 2016-06-27.
  7. ^ "远征一号上面级" [Yuanzheng-1 Upper Stage]. www.chinaspaceflight.com (in Chinese). 2016-06-07. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
  8. ^ "远征一号甲上面级(YZ-1A)" [Yuanzheng-1A Upper Stage (YZ-1)]. www.chinaspaceflight.com (in Chinese). 2016-06-26. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
  9. ^ "远征二号上面级：今年发射的"长征五号"火箭将启用新研制上面级"远征二号"" [Yuanzheng-2 upper stage: this year's launch of the Long March 5 rocket upper stage will enable the development of new "Yuanzheng-2"]. www.chinaspaceflight.com (in Chinese). 2016-03-30. Retrieved 2016-06-30.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yuanzheng&oldid=1254991355"