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'''Special Duty Allowance (SDA)'''
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{{refimprove|date=October 2016}}

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Special Duty Allowance (SDA) is an allowance  paid to  officers of [[All India Services|All India services (AIS)]], including police officers, when posted in  any of the seven states in [[Northeast India|North East India]], and [[Ladakh]], including  in  state capitals and tourist destinations like [[Guwahati|Gawahati]], [[Aizawl|Aizwal]], [[Shillong]], [[Kohima]], and [[Leh]].<ref name="Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission">{{cite web|last1=Sixth Central Pay Commission|title=Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission|url=http://finmin.nic.in/6cpc/6cpcreport.pdf|website=Ministry of Finance, Government of India|publisher=Ministry of Finance|accessdate=26 May 2015|page=9|date=March 2008}}</ref>{{rp|para 4.2.14 }}<ref name="Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission">{{cite web|url=http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf|title=Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission|last=|first=|date=19 November 2015|website=|publisher=Government of India|location=New Delhi|page=|at=|format=p 899|publication-place=New Delhi|access-date=|quote=|last1=|first1=|accessdate=19 December 2015}}</ref>{{Rp|para 8.17.115}} The SDA rate is 37.5 percent of basic pay  for AIS officers and 12.5 percent of basic pay for other employees. The SDA is one of highest allowances paid to a government servant, even higher than the Saichen allowance, a fixed amount paid to armed forces personnel posted in [[Siachen conflict|Saichen]]. <ref name="Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission" />{{Rp|para 8.10.67}}
{{POV|date=October 2016}}
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'''Special Duty Allowance (SDA)''' is an [[allowance]] paid to officers of [[All India Services]] (AIS), including police officers, when posted in any of the seven states in [[Northeast India]], and [[Ladakh]], including in state capitals and tourist destinations like [[Guwahati|Gawahati]], [[Aizawl|Aizwal]], [[Shillong]], [[Kohima]], and [[Leh]].<ref name="Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission">{{cite web|last1=Sixth Central Pay Commission|title=Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission|url=http://finmin.nic.in/6cpc/6cpcreport.pdf|website=Ministry of Finance, Government of India|publisher=Ministry of Finance|accessdate=26 May 2015|page=9|date=March 2008}}</ref>{{rp|para 4.2.14 }}<ref name="Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission">{{cite web|url=http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf|title=Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission|last=|first=|date=19 November 2015|website=|publisher=Government of India|location=New Delhi|page=|at=|format=p 899|publication-place=New Delhi|access-date=|quote=|last1=|first1=|accessdate=19 December 2015}}</ref>{{Rp|para 8.17.115}} The SDA rate is 37.5 percent of basic pay  for AIS officers and 12.5 percent of basic pay for other employees. The SDA is one of the highest allowances paid to a government servant, and is higher than the Siachen allowance, a fixed amount paid to armed forces personnel posted in [[Siachen conflict|Saichen]]. <ref name="Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission" />{{Rp|para 8.10.67}}


== 6 CPC ==
== 6 CPC ==
Following the recommendations of the [[Sixth Central Pay Commission|Sixth Central Pay Commission (6CPC)]] the Congress (I) Government led by Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] granted SDA to all "AIS officers and Central Government employees having all India transfer liability on their posting to any station in the North Eastern Region from outside the region". It was meant to "offset the security environment and the difficult working and living conditions prevailing in North Eastern Region". The rate for SDA granted by the government was "12.5% of the Basic Pay. <ref name="Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission">{{cite web|last1=Sixth Central Pay Commission|title=Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission|url=http://finmin.nic.in/6cpc/6cpcreport.pdf|website=Ministry of Finance, Government of India|publisher=Ministry of Finance|accessdate=26 May 2015|page=9|date=March 2008}}</ref>{{rp|para 4.2.14 and 4.2.23 }}The Government linked the SDA to inflation, mandating that it " shall automatically increase by 25% whenever the Dearness Allowance payable on the revised pay bands goes up by 50percent." <ref name="Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission">{{cite web|last1=Sixth Central Pay Commission|title=Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission|url=http://finmin.nic.in/6cpc/6cpcreport.pdf|website=Ministry of Finance, Government of India|publisher=Ministry of Finance|accessdate=26 May 2015|page=9|date=March 2008}}</ref>{{rp|para 4.2.24.4 }}
Following the recommendations of the [[Sixth Central Pay Commission]] (6CPC) the [[Congress (I)]] Government led by Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] granted SDA to all "AIS officers and Central Government employees having all India transfer liability on their posting to any station in the North Eastern Region from outside the region". It was meant to "offset the security environment and the difficult working and living conditions prevailing in North Eastern Region".{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} The rate for SDA granted by the government was "12.5% of the Basic Pay. <ref name="Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission">{{cite web|last1=Sixth Central Pay Commission|title=Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission|url=http://finmin.nic.in/6cpc/6cpcreport.pdf|website=Ministry of Finance, Government of India|publisher=Ministry of Finance|accessdate=26 May 2015|page=9|date=March 2008}}</ref>{{rp|para 4.2.14 and 4.2.23 }}The Government linked the SDA to inflation, mandating that it " shall automatically increase by 25% whenever the Dearness Allowance payable on the revised pay bands goes up by 50percent." <ref name="Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission">{{cite web|last1=Sixth Central Pay Commission|title=Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission|url=http://finmin.nic.in/6cpc/6cpcreport.pdf|website=Ministry of Finance, Government of India|publisher=Ministry of Finance|accessdate=26 May 2015|page=9|date=March 2008}}</ref>{{rp|para 4.2.24.4 }}


The Government on the recommendations of the 6CPC granted Special (Duty) Allowance to Government employees posted in Ladakh, as they "face similar difficulties" as in the NE India. . The 'difficulties' in the seven staes in NE India, as well as Ladakh, have never been adequately defined, or how these are more challenging than in other parts of the country. <ref name="Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission">{{cite web|last1=Sixth Central Pay Commission|title=Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission|url=http://finmin.nic.in/6cpc/6cpcreport.pdf|website=Ministry of Finance, Government of India|publisher=Ministry of Finance|accessdate=26 May 2015|page=9|date=March 2008}}</ref>{{rp|para 4.2.25 }} As a result SDA bounty is paid to officers of few select services even when posted in state capitals including tourist destinations like [[Guwahati|Gawahati]], [[Aizawl|Aizwal]], [[Shillong]], and [[Leh]].
The Government on the recommendations of the 6CPC granted Special (Duty) Allowance to Government employees posted in Ladakh, as they "face similar difficulties" as in the NE India.. The 'difficulties' in the seven states in NE India, as well as Ladakh, have never been adequately defined{{according to whom|date=October 2016}}, or how these are more challenging than in other parts of the country. <ref name="Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission">{{cite web|last1=Sixth Central Pay Commission|title=Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission|url=http://finmin.nic.in/6cpc/6cpcreport.pdf|website=Ministry of Finance, Government of India|publisher=Ministry of Finance|accessdate=26 May 2015|page=9|date=March 2008}}</ref>{{rp|para 4.2.25 }} As a result SDA bounty is paid to officers of select services when posted in state capitals including tourist destinations like [[Guwahati|Gawahati]], [[Aizawl|Aizwal]], [[Shillong]], and [[Leh]].


SDA was not granted to group C and D employees. Some of them went to court, and got the allowance because of court ruling; others did not . The Government did not grant SDA to the armed forces, creating an anomalous disparities
SDA was not granted to group C and D employees.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} Some of them{{who|date=October 2016}} went to court, and got the allowance because of court ruling; others did not. The Government did not grant SDA to the armed forces, creating anomalous{{according to whom|date=October 2016}} disparities.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}


== 7CPC ==
== 7CPC ==
In November 2015, the  7CPC, without examining the reasons for SDA recommended that "SDA for AIS officers should be paid at the rate of 30 percent of Basic Pay and for other civilian employees at the rate of 10 percent of Basic Pay" <ref name="Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission" /> {{rp|para  8.17.118}} It reiterated the justification given by the 6CPC noting that it "is of the view that AIS officers are allotted cadres, irrespective of their choice, and they are required to work in these cadres for considerable periods of time. As such, a higher rate of SDA for them is justified". <ref name="Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission" /> {{rp| p 353 para 8.17.117}}
In November 2015, the [[7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces|7CPC]], without examining the reasons for SDA,{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} recommended that "SDA for AIS officers should be paid at the rate of 30 percent of Basic Pay and for other civilian employees at the rate of 10 percent of Basic Pay" <ref name="Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission" /> {{rp|para 8.17.118}} It reiterated the justification given by the 6CPC noting that it "is of the view that AIS officers are allotted cadres, irrespective of their choice, and they are required to work in these cadres for considerable periods of time. As such, a higher rate of SDA for them is justified". <ref name="Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission" /> {{rp| p 353 para 8.17.117}}


To avoid drawing attention to  SDA, the 7CPC chose   to discuss and make its recommendations on  SDA  under the innocuous heading of 'other allowances'  in Chapter 8.17<ref name="Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission" />,  alongside  other  unremarkable allowances like 'haircutting allowance', and 'brief case allowance'. <ref name="Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission">{{cite web|url=http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf|title=Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission|last=|first=|date=19 November 2015|website=|publisher=Government of India|location=New Delhi|page=|at=|format=p 899|publication-place=New Delhi|access-date=|quote=|last1=|first1=|accessdate=19 December 2015}}</ref> The Special Duty Allowance (SDA) at 30 percent of the pay, works out 35,550 , an officer from IPS with 13 years service, Rs 43260 per month for officers with 17 years service,  and Rs 54,660 for officers with 22 years of service. The SDA which is paid exclusively to three services, in which the police dominates, is not paid to armed forces officers, creating major assemetries in pay and allowances of armed forces officers and police officers. The fact that SDA is far more than than the Saichen allowance has provoked outrage, widespread derision and scathing comments, seriously undermining the credibility of 7CPC. <ref name="Service chiefs write to Parrikar, express concern about 7th Pay Commission’s recommendations">{{cite news|last1= Singh|first1=Sushant|title=Service chiefs write to Parrikar, express concern about 7th Pay Commission's recommendations|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/service-chiefs-complain-about-pay-panel-proposals/#|accessdate=14 January 2016|agency=|issue=|publisher= Indian express|date=21 December 2015|location=New Delhi|language= English|quote=}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/editorials/an-unusual-step/294196.html|title=An unusual step : Restiveness among forces must be addressed|last=Editorial|first=Editorial|date=13 September 2016|work=|publisher=The Tribune|department=Editorial|location=Chandigarh|access-date=|via=}}</ref><ref name="Oberoi">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/NewsDetail/index/4/8698/7th-Pay-Commission-Award-Military-Rejected-Well-Done-Chiefs-Stay-Firm|title=7th Pay Commission Award (Military) Rejected: Well Done Chiefs, Stay Firm!|last=Oberoi|first=Vijay, Lt Gen, former Vice Chief of Army Staff|date=12 September 2016|website=thecitizen.in|publisher=The Citizen|access-date=16 September 2016}}</ref> The public outrage has prompted the BJP government to appoint another committee to review all allowances.<ref name="Setting up of 7th CPC Anomaly Committee2">{{cite web|url=|title=Setting up of 7th CPC Anomaly Committee|date=16 August 2016|website=|location=New Delhi|language=English|format=DOPT Order|quote=|last1=Government of India|first1=Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and pensions Department of Personnel & Training|accessdate=19 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="7th CPC Allowances Committee meeting held on 4th August 2016">{{cite web|url=http://90paisa.blogspot.in/2016/08/7th-cpc-allowances-committee-meeting.html|title=7th CPC Allowances Committee meeting held on 4th August 2016|last=|first=|date=13 August 2016|website=www.rajyasabha.nic.in|publisher=|location=New Delhi|language=English|format=Order|access-date=25 September 2016|quote=|last1=|first1=|accessdate=}}</ref>
To avoid drawing attention to SDA,{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} the 7CPC chose to discuss and make its recommendations on SDA under the innocuous{{according whom|date=October 2016}} heading of 'other allowances' in Chapter 8.17<ref name="Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission" />, alongside other unremarkable{{according to whom|date=October 2016}} allowances like 'haircutting allowance', and 'brief case allowance'. <ref name="Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission">{{cite web|url=http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf|title=Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission|last=|first=|date=19 November 2015|website=|publisher=Government of India|location=New Delhi|page=|at=|format=p 899|publication-place=New Delhi|access-date=|quote=|last1=|first1=|accessdate=19 December 2015}}</ref> The Special Duty Allowance (SDA) at 30 percent of the pay, works out 35,550 , an officer from IPS with 13 years service, Rs 43260 per month for officers with 17 years service, and Rs 54,660 for officers with 22 years of service. The SDA which is paid exclusively to three services, in which the police dominates,{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} is not paid to armed forces officers, creating major assemetries{{according to whom|date=October 2016}} in pay and allowances of armed forces officers and police officers. The fact that SDA is more than than the Saichen allowance has provoked outrage{{by whom|date=October 2016}}, widespread derision{{by whom|date=October 2016}} and scathing comments{{by whom|date=October 2016}}, seriously undermining the credibility{{according to whom|date=October 2016}} of 7CPC.<ref name="Service chiefs write to Parrikar, express concern about 7th Pay Commission’s recommendations">{{cite news|last1= Singh|first1=Sushant|title=Service chiefs write to Parrikar, express concern about 7th Pay Commission's recommendations|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/service-chiefs-complain-about-pay-panel-proposals/#|accessdate=14 January 2016|agency=|issue=|publisher= Indian express|date=21 December 2015|location=New Delhi|language= English|quote=}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/editorials/an-unusual-step/294196.html|title=An unusual step : Restiveness among forces must be addressed|last=Editorial|first=Editorial|date=13 September 2016|work=|publisher=The Tribune|department=Editorial|location=Chandigarh|access-date=|via=}}</ref><ref name="Oberoi">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/NewsDetail/index/4/8698/7th-Pay-Commission-Award-Military-Rejected-Well-Done-Chiefs-Stay-Firm|title=7th Pay Commission Award (Military) Rejected: Well Done Chiefs, Stay Firm!|last=Oberoi|first=Vijay, Lt Gen, former Vice Chief of Army Staff|date=12 September 2016|website=thecitizen.in|publisher=The Citizen|access-date=16 September 2016}}</ref> The public outrage has prompted the BJP government to appoint another committee to review all allowances.<ref name="Setting up of 7th CPC Anomaly Committee2">{{cite web|url=|title=Setting up of 7th CPC Anomaly Committee|date=16 August 2016|website=|location=New Delhi|language=English|format=DOPT Order|quote=|last1=Government of India|first1=Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and pensions Department of Personnel & Training|accessdate=19 August 2016}}</ref><ref name="7th CPC Allowances Committee meeting held on 4th August 2016">{{cite web|url=http://90paisa.blogspot.in/2016/08/7th-cpc-allowances-committee-meeting.html|title=7th CPC Allowances Committee meeting held on 4th August 2016|last=|first=|date=13 August 2016|website=www.rajyasabha.nic.in|publisher=|location=New Delhi|language=English|format=Order|access-date=25 September 2016|quote=|last1=|first1=|accessdate=}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
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== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.finmin.nic.in/6cpc/6cpcreport.pdf Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission] Ministry of Finance
* [http://www.finmin.nic.in/6cpc/6cpcreport.pdf Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission] Ministry of Finance
* [http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission] Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance
* [http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission] Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance
[[Help:Category|Categories]]:
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* [[:Category:Government finances in India|Government finances in India]]
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* [[:Category:Indian commissions and inquiries|Indian commissions and inquiries]]
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* [[:Category:Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance (India)]]


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[[Category:Government finances in India|Government finances in India]]
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{{uncategorised|date=October 2016}}
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[[Category:Indian commissions and inquiries|Indian commissions and inquiries]]
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[[Category:Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance (India)]]

Revision as of 16:04, 16 October 2016

Special Duty Allowance (SDA) is an allowance paid to officers of All India Services (AIS), including police officers, when posted in any of the seven states in Northeast India, and Ladakh, including in state capitals and tourist destinations like Gawahati, Aizwal, Shillong, Kohima, and Leh.[1]: para 4.2.14 [2]: para 8.17.115  The SDA rate is 37.5 percent of basic pay  for AIS officers and 12.5 percent of basic pay for other employees. The SDA is one of the highest allowances paid to a government servant, and is higher than the Siachen allowance, a fixed amount paid to armed forces personnel posted in Saichen. [2]: para 8.10.67 

6 CPC

Following the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission (6CPC) the Congress (I) Government led by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh granted SDA to all "AIS officers and Central Government employees having all India transfer liability on their posting to any station in the North Eastern Region from outside the region". It was meant to "offset the security environment and the difficult working and living conditions prevailing in North Eastern Region".[citation needed] The rate for SDA granted by the government was "12.5% of the Basic Pay. [1]: para 4.2.14 and 4.2.23 The Government linked the SDA to inflation, mandating that it " shall automatically increase by 25% whenever the Dearness Allowance payable on the revised pay bands goes up by 50percent." [1]: para 4.2.24.4 

The Government on the recommendations of the 6CPC granted Special (Duty) Allowance to Government employees posted in Ladakh, as they "face similar difficulties" as in the NE India.. The 'difficulties' in the seven states in NE India, as well as Ladakh, have never been adequately defined[according to whom?], or how these are more challenging than in other parts of the country. [1]: para 4.2.25  As a result SDA bounty is paid to officers of select services when posted in state capitals including tourist destinations like Gawahati, Aizwal, Shillong, and Leh.

SDA was not granted to group C and D employees.[citation needed] Some of them[who?] went to court, and got the allowance because of court ruling; others did not. The Government did not grant SDA to the armed forces, creating anomalous[according to whom?] disparities.[citation needed]

7CPC

In November 2015, the 7CPC, without examining the reasons for SDA,[citation needed] recommended that "SDA for AIS officers should be paid at the rate of 30 percent of Basic Pay and for other civilian employees at the rate of 10 percent of Basic Pay" [2] : para 8.17.118  It reiterated the justification given by the 6CPC noting that it "is of the view that AIS officers are allotted cadres, irrespective of their choice, and they are required to work in these cadres for considerable periods of time. As such, a higher rate of SDA for them is justified". [2] :  p 353 para 8.17.117 

To avoid drawing attention to SDA,[citation needed] the 7CPC chose to discuss and make its recommendations on SDA under the innocuousTemplate:According whom heading of 'other allowances' in Chapter 8.17[2], alongside other unremarkable[according to whom?] allowances like 'haircutting allowance', and 'brief case allowance'. [2] The Special Duty Allowance (SDA) at 30 percent of the pay, works out 35,550 , an officer from IPS with 13 years service, Rs 43260 per month for officers with 17 years service, and Rs 54,660 for officers with 22 years of service. The SDA which is paid exclusively to three services, in which the police dominates,[citation needed] is not paid to armed forces officers, creating major assemetries[according to whom?] in pay and allowances of armed forces officers and police officers. The fact that SDA is more than than the Saichen allowance has provoked outrage[by whom?], widespread derision[by whom?] and scathing comments[by whom?], seriously undermining the credibility[according to whom?] of 7CPC.[3][4][5] The public outrage has prompted the BJP government to appoint another committee to review all allowances.[6][7]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Sixth Central Pay Commission (March 2008). "Report of the Sixth Central Pay Commission" (PDF). Ministry of Finance, Government of India. Ministry of Finance. p. 9. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Report of Seventh Central Pay Commission" (p 899). New Delhi: Government of India. 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  3. ^ Singh, Sushant (21 December 2015). "Service chiefs write to Parrikar, express concern about 7th Pay Commission's recommendations". New Delhi: Indian express. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  4. ^ Editorial, Editorial (13 September 2016). "An unusual step : Restiveness among forces must be addressed". Editorial. Chandigarh: The Tribune.
  5. ^ Oberoi, Vijay, Lt Gen, former Vice Chief of Army Staff (12 September 2016). "7th Pay Commission Award (Military) Rejected: Well Done Chiefs, Stay Firm!". thecitizen.in. The Citizen. Retrieved 16 September 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Government of India, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and pensions Department of Personnel & Training (16 August 2016). "Setting up of 7th CPC Anomaly Committee". New Delhi. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |format= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ "7th CPC Allowances Committee meeting held on 4th August 2016" (Order). www.rajyasabha.nic.in. New Delhi. 13 August 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
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