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In 1957, Friden purchased the Commercial Controls Corporation of [[Rochester, New York]]. This gave them the [[Friden Flexowriter|Flexowriter]] teleprinter, an electric typewriter capable of being used as part of [[unit record equipment]] developed in World War II for the Department of the Navy to automatically type "regret to inform you" letters to the survivors of fallen servicemen, the predecessor to modern computers. The Flexowriter could be attached to Friden calculators and driven by [[paper tape]] to produce bills and other form letters which had names of customers and amounts of bills filled in automatically. Friden eventually expanded into production of a few models of early transistorized computers.
In 1957, Friden purchased the Commercial Controls Corporation of [[Rochester, New York]]. This gave them the [[Friden Flexowriter|Flexowriter]] teleprinter, an electric typewriter capable of being used as part of [[unit record equipment]] developed in World War II for the Department of the Navy to automatically type "regret to inform you" letters to the survivors of fallen servicemen, the predecessor to modern computers. The Flexowriter could be attached to Friden calculators and driven by [[paper tape]] to produce bills and other form letters which had names of customers and amounts of bills filled in automatically. Friden eventually expanded into production of a few models of early transistorized computers.


{{anchor|EC-130|EC-132}}Friden introduced the first fully [[transistor]]ized desktop electronic calculator, the model EC-130 in June 1963, designed by [[Bob Ragen|Robert "Bob" Appleby Ragen]].<ref name="Ragen_2012">{{cite web |title=1928–2012 Obituary Condolences Robert (Bob) Ragen |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/insidebayarea/obituary.aspx?n=robert-ragen-bob&pid=158717663 |access-date=2016-01-01 |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218233505/http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/name/robert-ragen-obituary?pid=1000000158717663 |archive-date=2017-12-18 |quote=Bob holds over 80 patents awarded during his work as Director of RD for Friden, and Singer and as Senior Project Engineer at Xerox. He retired from Xerox RD in 1990. He is responsible for the development of the first commercial electronic calculator, the Friden 130, which has been displayed at the Smithsonian.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/friden130.html|title=Friden EC-130 Electronic Calculator|website=www.oldcalculatormuseum.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/friden132.html|title=Friden EC-132 Electronic Calculator|website=www.oldcalculatormuseum.com}}</ref> This machine had a 13-digit capacity and a 5-inch [[Cathode ray tube|CRT]] display. It used a magnetostrictive [[delay line memory]], to save money on expensive transistors. The EC-130 sold for $2,200 {{Inflation|US|2200|1963|fmt=eq}}, about three times the price of comparable electromechanical calculators of the time. It was the first calculator to use [[reverse Polish notation]] (RPN), which eliminated the need for [[Bracket#Parentheses ( )|parentheses]] to specify the [[order of operations]] in complex calculations. The successor model EC-132, introduced in April 1965, added a square root function.
{{anchor|EC-130|EC-132}}Friden introduced the first fully [[transistor]]ized desktop electronic calculator, the model EC-130 in June 1963, designed by [[Bob Ragen|Robert "Bob" Appleby Ragen]].<ref name="Ragen_2012">{{cite web |title=1928–2012 Obituary Condolences Robert (Bob) Ragen |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/insidebayarea/obituary.aspx?n=robert-ragen-bob&pid=158717663 |access-date=2016-01-01 |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218233505/http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/name/robert-ragen-obituary?pid=1000000158717663 |archive-date=2017-12-18 |quote=Bob holds over 80 patents awarded during his work as Director of RD for Friden, and Singer and as Senior Project Engineer at Xerox. He retired from Xerox RD in 1990. He is responsible for the development of the first commercial electronic calculator, the Friden 130, which has been displayed at the Smithsonian.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/friden130.html|title=Friden EC-130 Electronic Calculator|website=www.oldcalculatormuseum.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/friden132.html|title=Friden EC-132 Electronic Calculator|website=www.oldcalculatormuseum.com}}</ref> This machine had a 13-digit capacity and a 5-inch [[Cathode ray tube|CRT]] display. It used a magnetostrictive [[delay line memory]], to save money on expensive transistors. The EC-130 sold for $2,200 ({{Inflation|US|2200|1963|fmt=eq|r=-2}}), or about three times the price of comparable electromechanical calculators of the time. It was the first calculator to use [[reverse Polish notation]] (RPN), which eliminated the need for [[Bracket#Parentheses ( )|parentheses]] to specify the [[order of operations]] in complex calculations. The successor model EC-132, introduced in April 1965, added a square root function.


In 1965 the company was purchased by the [[Singer Corporation]], but continued operation under the Friden brand name until 1974.
In 1965 the company was purchased by the [[Singer Corporation]], but continued operation under the Friden brand name until 1974.

Revision as of 08:31, 2 July 2019

Friden, Inc.
Company typePrivate
GenreTechnology
FoundedSan Leandro, California, U.S.
FounderCarl Friden
Defunct1965 (1965)
FateAcquired
SuccessorSinger Corporation

Friden Calculating Machine Company (Friden, Inc.) was an American manufacturer of typewriters and mechanical, later electronic calculators. It was founded by Carl Friden in San Leandro, California, in 1934. Friden electromechanical calculators were robust and popular.

Friden Calculator
Friden Flexowriter

In 1957, Friden purchased the Commercial Controls Corporation of Rochester, New York. This gave them the Flexowriter teleprinter, an electric typewriter capable of being used as part of unit record equipment developed in World War II for the Department of the Navy to automatically type "regret to inform you" letters to the survivors of fallen servicemen, the predecessor to modern computers. The Flexowriter could be attached to Friden calculators and driven by paper tape to produce bills and other form letters which had names of customers and amounts of bills filled in automatically. Friden eventually expanded into production of a few models of early transistorized computers.

Friden introduced the first fully transistorized desktop electronic calculator, the model EC-130 in June 1963, designed by Robert "Bob" Appleby Ragen.[1][2][3] This machine had a 13-digit capacity and a 5-inch CRT display. It used a magnetostrictive delay line memory, to save money on expensive transistors. The EC-130 sold for $2,200 (equivalent to $21,900 in 2023), or about three times the price of comparable electromechanical calculators of the time. It was the first calculator to use reverse Polish notation (RPN), which eliminated the need for parentheses to specify the order of operations in complex calculations. The successor model EC-132, introduced in April 1965, added a square root function.

In 1965 the company was purchased by the Singer Corporation, but continued operation under the Friden brand name until 1974.

The Singer – Friden Research Center in Oakland, California, later moved to Palo Alto, California (1965 to 1970), was unable to develop a pocket-sized calculator to compete with the corresponding new Japanese products, such as the Busicom, based on Intel 4004 in 1971, Casio Mini and Sharp EL-805 in 1972.

References

  1. ^ "1928–2012 Obituary Condolences Robert (Bob) Ragen". Archived from the original on 2017-12-18. Retrieved 2016-01-01. Bob holds over 80 patents awarded during his work as Director of RD for Friden, and Singer and as Senior Project Engineer at Xerox. He retired from Xerox RD in 1990. He is responsible for the development of the first commercial electronic calculator, the Friden 130, which has been displayed at the Smithsonian. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ "Friden EC-130 Electronic Calculator". www.oldcalculatormuseum.com.
  3. ^ "Friden EC-132 Electronic Calculator". www.oldcalculatormuseum.com.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Friden calculators.
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