Kedzierzyn Zero-Emission Plant
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| Kedzierzyn Zero-Emission Plant | |
|---|---|
| Country | Poland |
| Location | Kędzierzyn-Koźle |
| Status | Cancelled |
| Owner | PKE |
| Thermal power station | |
| Primary fuel | Coal |
| Secondary fuel | Biomass |
| Combined cycle? | Yes |
| Cogeneration? | Yes |
| Power generation | |
| Nameplate capacity | 309 MW |
The Kędzierzyn Zero-Emission Power and Chemical Complex was a proposed facility in Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland. It was planned to combine the functions of power and heat generation with chemical production and carbon capture and storage. The project was proposed by a consortium of chemicals producers, including Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn and the electricity company Południowy Koncern Energetyczny. The plant would have produced synthesis gas by gasification of hard coal. Gas produced by the plant would have been used for power and heat generation, or for the production of other chemicals. The carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by this plant would have been stored in natural geological reservoirs, or used as a raw material for production of synthesis fuels, fertilisers or plastics.[citation needed]
The project has since been discontinued for lack of funding, due in part to the low carbon price, as CCS investments generally do not provide large incentives.[1]
Concept
Zero carbon emissions were planned to be achieved through a combination of integrated gasification combined cycle and carbon capture and storage, as well as the supplement of up to 10% of the biomass during the combustion process. Generated CO2 would be utilized by depositing it underground in the deep layers of porous located at the depth of over one kilometer (in rock of the Jurassic and Triassic period) and by chemical sequestration of CO2 in methanol, urea and other chemical products. The total reduction of CO2 emissions will amount to nearly three million tons annually (92%). Taking into account the biomass as a renewable energy source excluded from the carbon balance, a negative CO2 emissions could theoretically be achieved.[citation needed]
Technical specifications
Gasification of coal
Coal could be converted into synthesis gas by the integrated gasification, combined cycle technology. CO2 separation would be required in order to obtain a gas composition adequate for further processing. As a result of the gas purification process, the obtained CO2 would have a concentration of up to 99%, which permits its commercial use or storage.[2]
Polygeneration
The demonstration plant will be generating electricity and thermal power, while CO2 will be sequestrated and purified for the production of carbon-chemical products or stored underground. Two gasification reactors of identical capacity can be used in an exchangeable way in order to either adapt to enhanced needs in the production of synthesis gas or the generation of electric energy.[citation needed]
Pre-combustion carbon capture and storage
The use of integrated gasification combined cycle technology allows to remove the carbon content of coal before burning it (pre-combustion carbon capture). As a consequence, the costs of carbon capture are reduced as the only costs that occur are the carbon compression and its transport to an underground storage. There are no additional separation costs which are usually very high in post-combustion carbon capture. CO2 is injected more than one kilometre underground into porous Jurassic and Triassic sandstones. Four areas within a range of 150 kilometres (93 mi) from Kędzierzyn-Koźle can come into consideration for permanent underground carbon storage. The biggest of these four areas can store up to 30 million tonnes of CO2.[citation needed]
Chemical sequestration and carbon-chemical production
Around 23% of CO2 will be used and thus permanently captured in chemical products such as methanol, fertilizers or polycarbonates. The chemical sequestration of CO2 takes place as part of the carbon-dioxide, which would normally have been emitted, is used for the chemical industry. Taking into account both the pre-combustion carbon capture as well as the chemical sequestration, a total reduction of 92% of potential CO2 emissions can be achieved.[citation needed]
Technical parameters
| Parameters | Units | Zero-Emission Power & Chemical Complex |
|---|---|---|
| Fuel consumption | [3] | |
| power coal | Mtonne/year | 2.0 |
| biomass | Mtonne/year | 0.25 |
| Thermal power | MWt | 137 |
| Electric Power | MWe | 300 |
| Synthesis gas production: | Gm3/year | 1.55 |
| equivalent methanol quantity | ktonne/year | 550 |
| Captured CO2 | Mtonne/year | 3.38[citation needed] |
| neutralised (sequestrated) CO2 | Mtonne/year | 2.5 |
| equivalent contained in synthesis gas for methanol | Mtonne/year | 0.84[citation needed] |
| CO2 emissions | % | 8x[citation needed] |
| Reduction of CO2 emissions | % | 92[citation needed] |
Units and abbreviations used are:
- Mtonne: Million tonnes
- ktonne: Thousand tonnes
- Gm3: Billions cubic metre
Developers
The project is developed the cooperation of chemicals producer Zakłady Azotowe Kędzierzyn and electricity company Południowy Koncern Energetyczny.[4]
Media response
The technically innovative concept of the Kędzierzyn Zero-Emission Plant was received with great interest by the international press, such as the New York Times,[5] the Guardian,[6] or EurActiv.[4]
References
- ^ Skjærseth, Jon Birger (August 2014). "Implementing EU Climate and Energy Policies in Poland: From Europeanization to Polonization?" (PDF). www.usea.org. Polhøgda, Bærum: Fridtjof Nansen Institute. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-82-7613-683-8. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
- ^ Stephen, Mills (August 2010). "Prospects for coal, CCTs and CCS in the European Union" (PDF). www.usea.org. London: IEA Clean Coal Centre. p. 52. ISBN 978-92-9029-493-1. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
- ^ Stephen, Mills (September 2013). "Combining renewable energy with coal" (PDF). www.usea.org. London: IEA Clean Coal Centre. p. 67. ISBN 978-92-9029-543-3. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
- ^ a b "Poles seek funding for zero-emission plant". www.euractiv.com. EurActiv.com PLC. 18 February 2009. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
- ^ Does Funding Carbon Capture Boost Energy Security?
- ^ Carbon capture and storage around the world
External links
- Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum
- Berlin Forum on Fossil Fuels
- European Network of Excellence on Geological Storage of CO2
- Carbon Dioxide Knowledge Transfer Network
- European Technology Platform for Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants
- CO2NET EAST (Information portal for CO2 capture and storage technologies)
- European Commission, DG Research - Introduction to CO2 capture and storage
- Fossil Energy Coalition
- EurActiv - Carbon capture and storage
- IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme - CO2 capture and storage
- CORDIS - Clean Coal Technologies