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Chess.com, LLC
Chess.com homepage
Type of businessInternet chess server, Social media website
Type of site
Internet chess server
Available in57 languages
List of languages
Afrikaans, Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Bengali, Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Chinese (Hong Kong), Chinese (Taiwan), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Filipino, Finnish, Flemish, French, Galician, Georgian, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Lithuanian, Malay, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Portuguese (Brazil), Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish, Tagalog, Turkish, Turkmen, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Vietnamese
FoundedMay 2007; 17 years ago (2007-05)
Headquarters
United States
Founder(s)
  • Erik Allebest
  • Jay Severson
Key people
  • Erik Allebest (CEO)
  • Jay Severson (chief technical advisor)
  • Daniel Rensch (chief chess officer)
  • Brenan Klain (chief marketing officer)
IndustryInternet
Employees400+[1]
URLwww.chess.com Edit this at Wikidata
RegistrationOptional
Users150 million+
Current statusActive
Written inJava,[2] JavaScript, PHP

Chess.com is an internet chess server and social networking website.[3] The site has a freemium model in which some features are available for free, and others are available for accounts with subscriptions. Live online chess can be played against other users in daily, rapid, blitz or bullet time controls, with a number of chess variants available. Chess versus a chess engine, computer analysis, chess puzzles and teaching resources are offered.

As one of the largest chess platforms in the world,[4] Chess.com achieved the milestone of 100 million users on December 16, 2022[5] and has about 11 million daily active users as of April 2023.[6] Chess.com has hosted online tournaments including Titled Tuesdays, the PRO Chess League, the Speed Chess Championships, PogChamps, Online Chess Olympiads and computer vs. computer events.

History

Founding

The domain Chess.com was originally set up in 1995 by Aficionado, a company based in Berkeley, California to sell Chess Mentor, a chess tutoring software program.[7] In 2005, Internet entrepreneur Erik Allebest and partner Jarom "Jay" Severson, who met as undergraduate students at Brigham Young University, bought the domain name and assembled a team of software developers, redeveloping the site as a chess portal.[8] The site was relaunched in 2007,[3] having heavy campaigning and promotion on social media.

Two years later, Chess.com acquired a similar chess social networking site, chesspark.com.[9] In October 2013, Chess.com acquired the Amsterdam-based chess news site chessvibes.com as well.[10] This news site, founded and operated by Dutch chess journalist Peter Doggers, continued to cover chess tournaments in a digital setting.[11][12]

Growth in the 2010s

The website reached a milestone in 2014, when it announced that over a billion live games had been played on the site, including 100 million correspondence games.[13] In January 2016, Chess.com announced a two-year overhaul of its previous interface (titled 'v3').[14] The site introduced features including computer analysis of games, and the chess variants of crazyhouse, three-check chess, king of the hill, chess960, atomic and bughouse.[14] Chess.com reached another milestone in June 2017, as the 2,147,483,647th (= 231-1) game was played, which caused the iOS app to stop working for those with 32-bit Apple devices. This occurred because of an integer overflow problem whereby the number was too large to be represented in the number of storage bits that were used.[15][16]

In May 2018, Chess.com acquired the 3300+ Elo-rated commercial chess engine Komodo, which ranked third behind Stockfish and Houdini at the time of acquisition.[17] In conjunction, the Komodo team announced the addition of the probabilistic method of Monte Carlo tree search machine learning, the same methods used by the recent chess projects AlphaZero and Leela Chess Zero.[18]

In November 2020, Chess.com acquired the rights to broadcast the World Chess Championship 2021, which is broadcast on live-streaming platform Twitch.[19]

Response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine

In response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Chess.com published two articles that were critical of the invasion and replaced Russian and Belarusian flags with grey flags that linked to these articles. In retaliation, Chess.com was blocked in Russia. The site blocked Sergey Karjakin, Russian (formerly Ukrainian) grandmaster, over his support for the invasion, and Karjakin in turn supported Russia's block of the website.[20][21][22][23]

Chess cheating controversy

Main article: Carlsen–Niemann controversy

In September 2022, Chess.com was caught in the furor of a controversy regarding cheating in professional chess games. A controversy erupted with accusations by grandmaster Magnus Carlsen against Hans Niemann.[24][25] Leaked emails revealed that some people cheated on the Chess.com platform in games involving prize money and that Chess.com removed some players' accounts, including grandmaster Maxim Dlugy, who had been found to be cheating.[26] In August 2023, a US District Court judge dismissed the lawsuit filed by Niemann.[27]

Chess.com Global Championship

In November 2022, The Chess.com Global Championship was inaugurated with a $1,000,000 prize pool.[28] 8 players that advanced from the CGC Knockout competed for a $500,000 total prize fund and Global Champion title in the finals taking place in Toronto, Canada. Wesley So became the first Chess.com Global Champion, defeating Nihal Sarin in the finals with a match score of 4.5–1.5.[29]

Subsidiary companies

ChessKid.com

For the Australian company, see Chess Kids.

Chess.com runs the subsidiary site chesskid.com for chess players that are under the minimum age requirement for Chess.com. [30]

ChessKid.com has run a yearly online championship called CONIC (the ChessKid Online National Invitational Championship), since 2012 which is recognized by the United States Chess Federation.[31][32] According to David Petty, the event organizer in 2013, ChessKid has made agreements and partnerships with chess associations in schools. In 2014, for a trial period.[30] They have a long-term partnership with the NTCA (North Texas Chess Academy) which gives children access to online instructors.[33]

Play Magnus Group

In August 2022, the Play Magnus Group accepted an offer to be acquired by Chess.com at a value of 800 million kr (US$80 million). The Play Magnus Group owns brands and businesses including the chess server chess24, the mobile app Play Magnus, the Champions Chess Tour, and the chess improvement website Chessable. On December 16, 2022, the acquisition was officially closed.[34][35] According to Dot Esports, the Play Magnus Group was unable to make a "sustainable profit" on anything but Chessable, and the merge left "no other realistic chess competitor" except the free, open-source Lichess.[36]

Tournaments and events

Speed Chess Championship

Chess.com has held the Speed Chess Championship annually since 2016, involving a single-elimination tournament featuring some of the world's best players. Nakamura has won five championships, while Carlsen has won three.[37]

Tournament formula

The most important elements of the tournament formula:[38]

  • 16-player single-elimination bracket
  • Matches consist of three segments: 90 minutes of 5+1, 60 minutes of 3+1, and 30 minutes of 1+1.
  • The player with the most cumulative points at the end of the match wins.
  • Games that start before the time for a segment runs out count toward the final score.
  • Players can resign from the match within the last 10 minutes of the 1+1 segment, with the player's win percentage being capped at 35%.
  • In case of equal number of points - tiebreaks:
    • A four-game 1+1 match.
    • A single bidding armageddon game with a base time of 5 minutes.

Winners of Speed Chess Championships

No Year Winner Runner-up Final score Prize fund
1 2016[39] Magnus Carlsen Hikaru Nakamura 14.5–10.5 $40,000
2 2017[40] Magnus Carlsen Hikaru Nakamura 18–9 $50,000
3 2018[41] Hikaru Nakamura Wesley So 15.5–12.5 $55,000
4 2019[42] Hikaru Nakamura Wesley So 19.5–14.5 $50,000
5 2020[43] Hikaru Nakamura Maxime Vachier-Lagrave 18.5–12.5 $100,000
6 2021[44] Hikaru Nakamura Wesley So 23–8 $100,000
7 2022[45] Hikaru Nakamura Magnus Carlsen 14.5–13.5 $100,000
8 2023[46] Magnus Carlsen Hikaru Nakamura 13.5–12.5 $150,000

Tournament formula

The tournament starts on January 1 and, depending on the number of participants, consists of 4 or 5 rounds.[a] All players are divided into groups (up to 12 people [b]), and only the winners advance to the next round. [c] Players play in each round a maximum of 22 games simultaneously (with each opponent as White and Black), with a maximum of one day allocated for each move. So it can be considered a form of correspondence chess. The winner of the Championship is the player who accumulates the most points in the final round.

Winners of Daily Chess Championships

No Year Gold Silver Bronze Number of players
1 2018[47] Jbd735  USA Rob King  RUS Alexey Zimin 7344
2 2019[48]  GER Sascha Grimm Jbd735  NED Daan Brandenburg 11609
3 2020[49]  DEN Uffe Vinther-Schou  RUS Andrei Belozerov  TUR Irmak Sipahioglu 16831
4 2021[50]  DEN Uffe Vinther-Schou  RUS Andrei Belozerov  UKR Leonid Starozhilov
 POL Marcin Szymański 		16505
5 2022[51]  USA NefariousNebula  RUS Andrei Belozerov  USA volunteers1998 33633
6 2023[52]  POL Marcin Szymański  RUS DanilinDP  POL Kacper Drozdowski 35000
7 2024[53] ? ? ? 60466
Italic font - only usernames available on the chess.com platform.

Winners of PRO Chess League

No Year Winner Runner-up Final score
1 2017[54] St. Louis Arch Bishops Norway Gnomes 9–7
2 2018[55] Armenia Eagles Chengdu Pandas 12–11
3 2019[56] St. Louis Arch Bishops Baden-Baden Snowballs 10–6
4 2020[57] St. Louis Arch Bishops Canada Chessbrahs/Chengde Panda 9.5-6.5
5 2021[58] Russia Wizards St. Louis Arch Bishops 9–7
6 2023[59] Gotham Knights Shanghai Tigers 9.5-6.5

Titled Tuesdays

Titled Tuesday is an 11-round Swiss-system 3+1 blitz chess tournament held every Tuesday.[60] Grandmaster participants include Hikaru Nakamura, Magnus Carlsen, Maxime Vachier-Lagrave, Alexander Grischuk, Dmitry Andreikin, Alireza Firouzja, Daniel Naroditsky, Wesley So, and Fabiano Caruana.[60] The first event was held on October 28, 2014, with a prize fund of $500 and was won by Baadur Jobava.[61] The prize fund was gradually upgraded to $5000 per week.[62] As of February 2024, GM Hikaru Nakamura has won a total of 64 tournament wins since October 2020, followed by GM Dmitry Andreikin with 16,[63] Magnus Carlsen has won three of the events in which he has partaken as of 2017.[64]

In June 2018, Chess.com held a special version of the tournament for which the winner would go on to participate in the Isle of Man International which had a prize fund of £144,000.[65] Iranian GM Pouria Darini won the event.[66]

Death Matches

Death Matches were introduced in January 2012. They feature titled players taking part in a series of blitz games over a non-stop 3-hour period (5-minute, 3-minute and 1-minute, all with a one-second increment).[67] There have been 38 deathmatches, participants including the grandmasters Hikaru Nakamura, Dmitry Andreikin, Maxime Vachier-Lagrave, Lê Quang Liêm, Wesley So, Fabiano Caruana, Judit Polgár and Nigel Short.[68]

Chess.com Computer Chess Championship

In November 2017, Chess.com held an open tournament, called the Chess.com Computer Chess Championship (CCCC, later CCC), with the ten strongest chess engines, with $2,500 in prize money. The top-two engines competed in a "Superfinal" tournament between the two finalists – Stockfish and Houdini. In the 20-game Superfinal, Stockfish won over Houdini with a score 10.5–9.5. Five games were decisive, with 15 ending in a draw. Of the decisive games, three games were won by Stockfish, and two by Houdini.[69][70]

In August 2018, the site announced that the Chess.com Computer Chess Championship has returned, this time as a non-stop tournament for chess engines.[71][72]

Main events
Event Year Time controls Winner Runner-up Ref
Computer Chess Championship 2017 15+2 Stockfish (1) Houdini [70][69]
CCC 1: Rapid Rumble 2018 15+5 Stockfish (2) Houdini [73]
CCC 2: Blitz Battle 2018 5+2 Stockfish (3) Komodo [74]
CCC 3: Rapid Redux 2019 30+5 Stockfish (4) Leela Chess Zero [75]
CCC 4: Bullet Brawl 2019 1+2 Stockfish (5) Leela Chess Zero [76]
CCC 5: Escalation 2019 10+5 Stockfish (6) Leela Chess Zero [77]
CCC 6: Winter Classic 2019 10+10 Stockfish (7) Leela Chess Zero [78]
CCC 7: Blitz Bonanza 2019 5+2 Leela Chess Zero (1) Stockfish [79]
CCC 8: Deep Dive 2019 15+5 Stockfish (8) Leela Chess Zero [80]
CCC 9: The Gauntlet 2019 5+2, 10+5 Stockfish (9) Leelenstein [81]
CCC 10: Double Digits 2019 10+3 Leelenstein (1) Stockfish [82]
CCC 11 2019 30+5 Leela Chess Zero (2) Stockfish [83]
CCC 12: Bullet Madness! 2020 1+1 Leela Chess Zero (3) Leelenstein [84]
CCC 13: Heptagonal 2020 5+5 Leela Chess Zero (4) Stockfish [85]
CCC 14 2020 15+5, 5+2, 1+1 Leela Chess Zero (5) Leelenstein [86]
CCC Blitz 2020 2020 5+5 Stockfish (10) Leela Chess Zero [87]
CCC Rapid 2021 2021 15+3 Stockfish (11) Leela Chess Zero [88]
CCC Blitz 2021 2021 5+5 Stockfish (12) Leela Chess Zero [89]
CCC Chess 960 Blitz 2021 5+5 Stockfish (13) Dragon [90]
CCC 16: Rapid 2021 15+3 Stockfish (14) Leela Chess Zero [91]
CCC 16: Bullet 2021 2+1 Stockfish (15) Dragon [92]
CCC 16: Blitz 2022 5+5 Stockfish (16) Dragon [93]
CCC 17: Rapid 2022 15+3 Stockfish (17) Dragon [94]
CCC 17: Bullet 2022 2+1 Stockfish (18) Dragon [95]
CCC 17: Blitz 2022 5+5 Stockfish (19) Leela Chess Zero [96]
CCC 18: Rapid 2022 15+3 Stockfish (20) Leela Chess Zero [97]
CCC 19: Blitz 2022 5+5 Stockfish (21) Dragon [98]
CCC 19: Rapid 2022 15+3 Stockfish (22) Leela Chess Zero [99]
CCC 19: Bullet 2023 1+1 Stockfish (23) Dragon [100]
CCC 20: Blitz 2023 3+2 Stockfish (24) Dragon [101]
CCC 20: Rapid 2023 10+3 Stockfish (25) Leela Chess Zero [102]
CCC 20: Bullet 2023 1+1 Stockfish (26) Torch [103]
CCC 21: Blitz 2023 3+2 Stockfish (27) Torch [104]
CCC 21: Rapid 2023 10+3 Stockfish (28) Leela Chess Zero [105]
CCC 21: Bullet 2023 1+1 Stockfish (29) Torch [106]
CCC 22: Blitz 2024 3+2 Stockfish (30) Torch [107]
Bonus
Event Year Time Controls Winner Runner-up Ref
CPU Blitz Madness 2020 3+2 Stockfish an older version of Stockfish [108]
Trillion-Node Throwdown III 2020 150+5 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero on the CPU [109]
No-Castle II 2020 5+2 Stockfish an older version of Stockfish [110]
Bullet Chess is Fun 2020 2+1 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [111]
Checkmate in 4 2020 3+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [112]
Odds Ladder 2020 3+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [113]
Merry Queen Sac 2020 2+1 Stockfish Stoofvlees [114]
Budapest Bullet 2020 2+1 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [115]
King Gambit Madness 2021 5+5 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [116]
Drawkiller Update Party 2021 2+1 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [117]
To Castle Or Not To Castle II 2021 3+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [118]
Eco Mega-Match 2 (part 1) 2021 1+1 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [119]
Eco Mega-Match 2 (part 2) 2021 1+1 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [120]
Caro-Kann Special 2021 5+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [121]
King's Indian Defense Special 2021 10+2 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [122]
Dutch Defense Special 2021 10+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [123]
Evans Gambit Madness 2021 10+2 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [124]
Sicilian Najdorf Special 2021 10+2 Stockfish Dragon [125]
Belgian Stew 2021 2+1 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [126]
Saragossa 2021 2+1 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [127]
Double Bongcloud, Rapid 2021 10+2 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [128]
The Hillbilly Attack 2021 10+2 Leela Chess Zero Dragon [129]
Romantic Openings: Danish Gambit Accepted 2021 3+2 Stockfish Dragon [130]
Romantic Openings: Evans Gambit Accepted 2021 3+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [131]
Romantic Openings: Urusov Gambit Accepted 2021 5+2 Stockfish Dragon [132]
Romantic Openings: Blackmar-Diemer Gambit 2021 5+2 Stockfish Dragon [133]
Romantic Openings: Stafford Gambit 2021 1+2 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [134]
Romantic Openings: Calabrese Countergambit 2021 5+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [135]
Romantic Openings: Traxler Counterattack 2021 5+2 Leela Chess Zero Stockfish [136]
No Black Castling 2022 5+5 Stockfish Dragon [137]
Draw Killer 2022 15+5 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [138]
Romantic Openings: Wing Gambit 2022 5+2 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [139]
Chess 324 Bonus 2022 5+2 Stockfish Dragon [140]
Classical Cup #1 2023 30+5 Stockfish Leela Chess Zero [141]
Rating Brawl: Fall 2023 2023 1+1 Stockfish Torch [142]


PogChamps

Main article: PogChamps

Chess.com has hosted PogChamps, an amateur online tournament featuring Twitch streamers, since 2020. The first PogChamps featured streamers including xQcOW, MoistCr1TiKaL, Ludwig Ahgren, and forsen. New participants from PogChamps 2 included itsHafu and Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson.[143] PogChamps 3, beginning in February 2021, debuted with a wider range of Internet personalities and celebrities, with new competitors including MrBeast, Neekolul, Myth, Pokimane, actor Rainn Wilson, and rapper Logic.[144]

Coaches

Chess.com provides an extensive feature for connecting with professional chess coaches[145]. Users can search for coaches at Chess.com Coaches Club[146] based on rating, language, and availability, and view detailed profiles that include teaching styles, experience, and rates. Coaches include top players like: José Eduardo Martínez Alcántara[147], Raunak Sadhwani[148], Benjamin Bok[149] and many more.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Since 2020, due to the steadily growing number of players, a 5-round format is necessary.
  2. ^ If the number of all players in a given round is not divisible by 12, smaller groups are created. In case all groups cannot be of the same size, players with the highest rankings go to smaller groups.
  3. ^ In case of equal points, all winners in the group advance.

References

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