Tarif ibn Malik

Tarif ibn Malik (Arabic: طريف بن مالك) was an Arab commander under Tariq ibn Ziyad, Arab and Umayyad general who led the conquest of Visigothic Hispania in 711. Historical sources say he was of Arab origin.^[1] In July 710 CE, Tariq sent Tarif on a raid to test the southern coastline of the Iberian Peninsula. According to legend he was aided by Julian, count of Ceuta, as a guide and emissary.

Of this raid, Edward Gibbon writes: "500 hundred Soldiers of Berbers origins passed over, in four vessels, from Tangier or Ceuta; the place of their descent on the opposite shore of the strait is marked by the name of Tarif their chief" which today is the city of Tarifa. They proceeded from there to reconnoiter the terrain along the coast as a possible entry point for a larger attack, traversing "eighteen miles through a hilly country to the castle and town of Julian; on which (it is still called Algeciras) they bestowed the name of the Green Island, from a verdant cape that advances into the sea". There they were hospitably received by supportive Christians—perhaps Count Julian's kinsmen, friends, and supporters.^{[citation needed]}

The end result was a successful raid into an unguarded portion of Andalusia, followed by the safe return of the raiders with plunder and captives. This convinced Tariq that Iberia could be successfully conquered.

Tarif subsequently accompanied Tariq ibn-Ziyad, when the latter launched the Islamic conquest of Hispania and defeated King Roderic in the Battle of Guadalete in 711.

References

^ Lévi-Provençal, Evariste (1993) [1927]. "Ṭarīf". In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor; Arnold, Thomas Walker; Basset, René; Hartmann, Richard (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. VIII (1st ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p. 665. ISBN 9004097945.

Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, vol. 9 (1776)
Ferrer-Gallardo, X., Albet-Mas, A., & Espiñeira, K. (2015). The borderscape of Punta Tarifa: concurrent invisibilisation practices at Europe’s ultimate peninsula. Cultural Geographies, 22(3), 539–47. http://cgj.sagepub.com/content/22/3/539.full.pdf+html

[EI5674-1] Lévi-Provençal, Evariste (1993) [1927]. "Ṭarīf". In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor; Arnold, Thomas Walker; Basset, René; Hartmann, Richard (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. VIII (1st ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. p. 665. ISBN 9004097945.

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