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Background Intelligent Transfer Service

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Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS)
Developer(s)Microsoft
Initial releaseOctober 2001; 23 years ago (2001-10)
Stable release
10.3 / December 7, 2019; 5 years ago (2019-12-07)
Operating systemMicrosoft Windows
TypeDownload manager
LicenseProprietary commercial software
Websitelearn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/bits/background-intelligent-transfer-service-portal

Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) is a component of Microsoft Windows XP and later iterations of the operating systems, which facilitates asynchronous, prioritized, and throttled transfer of files between machines using idle network bandwidth. It is most commonly used by recent versions of Windows Update, Microsoft Update, Windows Server Update Services, and System Center Configuration Manager to deliver software updates to clients, Microsoft's anti-virus scanner Microsoft Security Essentials (a later version of Windows Defender) to fetch signature updates, and is also used by Microsoft's instant messaging products to transfer files. BITS is exposed through the Component Object Model (COM).

Technology

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BITS uses idle bandwidth to transfer data. Normally, BITS transfers data in the background, i.e., BITS will only transfer data whenever there is bandwidth which is not being used by other applications. BITS also supports resuming transfers in case of disruptions.

BITS version 1.0 supports only downloads. From version 1.5, BITS supports both downloads and uploads. Uploads require the IIS web server, with BITS server extension, on the receiving side.

Transfers

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BITS transfers files on behalf of requesting applications asynchronously, i.e., once an application requests the BITS service for a transfer, it will be free to do any other task, or even terminate. The transfer will continue in the background as long as the network connection is there and the job owner is logged in. BITS jobs do not transfer when the job owner is not signed in.

BITS suspends any ongoing transfer when the network connection is lost or the operating system is shut down. It resumes the transfer from where it left off when (the computer is turned on later and) the network connection is restored. BITS supports transfers over SMB, HTTP and HTTPS.

Bandwidth

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BITS attempts to use only spare bandwidth. For example, when applications use 80% of the available bandwidth, BITS will use only the remaining 20%. BITS constantly monitors network traffic for any increase or decrease in network traffic and throttles its own transfers to ensure that other foreground applications (such as a web browser) get the bandwidth they need. Note that BITS does not necessarily measure the actual bandwidth. BITS versions 3.0 and up will use Internet Gateway Device counters, if available, to more accurately calculate available bandwidth. Otherwise, BITS will use the speed as reported by the NIC to calculate bandwidth. This can lead to bandwidth calculation errors, for example when a fast network adapter (10 Mbit/s) is connected to the network via a slow link (56 kbit/s).[1]

Jobs

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BITS uses a queue to manage file transfers. A BITS session has to be started from an application by creating a Job. A job is a container, which has one or more files to transfer. A newly created job is empty. Files must be added, specifying both the source and destination URIs. While a download job can have any number of files, upload jobs can have only one. Properties can be set for individual files. Jobs inherit the security context of the application that creates them. BITS provides API access to control jobs. A job can be programmatically started, stopped, paused, resumed, and queried for status. Before starting a job, a priority has to be set for it to specify when the job is processed relative to other jobs in the transfer queue. By default, all jobs are of Normal priority. Jobs can optionally be set to High, Low, or Foreground priority. Background transfers are optimized by BITS,1 which increases and decreases (or throttles) the rate of transfer based on the amount of idle network bandwidth that is available. If a network application begins to consume more bandwidth, BITS decreases its transfer rate to preserve the user's interactive experience, except for Foreground priority downloads.

Scheduling

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BITS schedules each job to receive only a finite time slice, for which only that job is allowed to transfer, before it is temporarily paused to give another job a chance to transfer. Higher priority jobs get a higher chunk of time slice. BITS uses round-robin scheduling to process jobs in the same priority and to prevent a large transfer job from blocking smaller jobs.

When a job is newly created, it is automatically suspended (or paused). It has to be explicitly resumed to be activated. Resuming moves the job to the queued state. On its turn to transfer data, it first connects to the remote server and then starts transferring. After the job's time slice expires, the transfer is temporarily paused, and the job is moved back to the queued state. When the job gets another time slice, it has to connect again before it can transfer. When the job is complete, BITS transfers ownership of the job to the application that created it.

BITS includes a built-in mechanism for error handling and recovery attempts. Errors can be either fatal or transient; either moves a job to the respective state. A transient error is a temporary error that resolves itself after some time. For a transient error, BITS waits for some time and then retries. For fatal errors, BITS transfers control of the job to the creating application, with as much information regarding the error as it can provide.

Command-line interface tools

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BITSAdmin command

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BITSAdmin
Developer(s)Microsoft
Stable release
3.0
Operating systemMicrosoft Windows
TypeCommand
LicenseProprietary commercial software
Websitedocs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/bitsadmin

Microsoft provides a BITS Administration Utility (BITSAdmin) command-line utility to manage BITS jobs. The utility is part of Windows Vista and later.[2][3] It is also available as a part of the Windows XP Service Pack 2 Support Tools[4] or Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 Support Tools.[5]

Usage example: 

C:\>bitsadmin /transfer myDownloadJob /download /priority normal https://example.com/file.zip C:\file.zip

PowerShell BitsTransfer

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In Windows 7, the BITSAdmin utility is deprecated in favor of Windows PowerShell cmdlets.[6] The BitsTransfer PowerShell module provides eight cmdlets with which to manage BITS jobs.[7]

The following example is the equivalent of the BITSAdmin example above: 

PS C:\> Start-BitsTransfer -Source "https://example.com/file.zip" -Destination "C:\file.zip" -DisplayName "myDownloadJob"

List of non-Microsoft applications that use BITS

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "MSDN BITS Network Bandwidth". Archived from the original on 2017-04-19. Retrieved 2015-05-01.
  2. ^ Satran, Michael; Smith, Peter (5 March 2019). "BITSAdmin tool". Windows Dev Center. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  3. ^ Ross, Elizabeth; White, Steven; Poggemeyer, Liza; Lee, Thomas; Plett, Corey (16 October 2017). "bitsadmin". Windows IT Pro Center. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  4. ^ "Windows XP Service Pack 2 Support Tools". Download Center. Microsoft. 10 August 2004. Archived from the original on 29 April 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  5. ^ "Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 32-bit Support Tools". Download Center. Microsoft. 30 March 2005. Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  6. ^ "Manage BITS (Background Intelligent Transfer Service) with Windows PowerShell". TechNet Magazine. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  7. ^ "BitsTransfer". Windows IT Pro Center. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  8. ^ "BITS Download Manager". Archived from the original on 2020-08-15. Retrieved 2010-01-07.
  9. ^ "BITSync". Archived from the original on 2009-01-24. Retrieved 2008-12-31.
  10. ^ Endless Installer for Windows DownloadManager class
  11. ^ "Firefox 68.0, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes". Mozilla. Archived from the original on 2019-07-11. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
  12. ^ Oxygen media platform
  13. ^ "SharpBITS". Archived from the original on 2018-01-22. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
  14. ^ "WinBITS". Archived from the original on 2019-05-18. Retrieved 2007-11-19.
  15. ^ "Zenworks 7". Archived from the original on 2009-02-12. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
  16. ^ "Specops Deploy/App". Archived from the original on 2020-12-20. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
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Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Guide to Windows Commands
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