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Eley Limited

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Eley Limited
Company typePrivate
IndustryAmmunition
Founded1820s
FounderWilliam and Charles Eley
HeadquartersSutton Coldfield, Birmingham, England
ProductsFirearms cartridges, percussion caps, smokeless powder
Websiteeley.co.uk Edit this at Wikidata

Eley Limited is a British manufacturer of firearms cartridges. Historically the company has produced a broad variety of ammunition, but today specialises in .22 Long Rifle cartridges for competitive target shooting. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, six of the twelve medals for cartridge rifle and pistol were won using Eley ammunition.[1]

History

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Founded as Eley Brothers by Charles and William Eley in London in the 1820s, the company purchased the patent rights to the "wire cartridge" in the spring or early summer of 1828. The patent for "wire cartridge" was issued by the English Patent Office on 28 November 1827 to Joshua Jenour under Patent No. 5570. Jenour had been born in Fleet Street, London in 1755 and had previously been the owner and manager of the Daily Advertiser, a London newspaper. The 'wire cartridge' consisted of a wire cage which held the shot together during the first stages of its flight.

In 1828, Charles and William Eley established a factory in Charlotte Street (London), later moving to Bond Street (London). Initially, Charles Eley had been the primary owner of the concern and the original wire cartridges had only the name of Charles Eley on them. The initial attempts to sell the Eley Wire Cartridge went poorly and Charles Eley withdrew from the business. During the mid-1830s, William Eley reinvigorated the company and began selling the "Improved Patent Wire Cartridges".

In 1837, the company added percussion caps to their range and though William was killed in an explosion in 1841, his three sons helped carry on the business. His eldest son William Thomas forged an alliance with Samuel Colt, the two patenting a skin cartridge for use in the latter's revolvers.

By 1860, they were making pinfire shotshells and first listed them for sale in The Ironmonger & Metal Trades Advertiser. On 13 April 1861 William Thomas Eley took out a patent for an improvement to the pinfire shotshell.[2][3] The key aspect to this patent was to better fix the cap into the case and prevent the pin from flying out of the case on detonation.

  • Eley 1861 Pinfire Shotshells
    Eley 1861 Pinfire Shotshells
  • Box of 12mm Eley Pinfire Cartridges
    Box of 12mm Eley Pinfire Cartridges

The growth of business accompanied by moves to the Grays Inn Road in 1864, and by the development of the Boxer cartridge designed by Colonel Boxer - Chief Superintendent of the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich - and adopted by the government in 1866.

In 1874, they went public to fuel expansion, but lost momentum after 1881 when William Thomas died. His brothers remained in control until 1901 but shareholders accused them of running it as a private company. Nevertheless, innovations included smokeless powder, and in the 1890s, 400 types of cartridges were produced. They had established a factory at Tile Kiln Lane, Edmonton, London by 1865.

Eley 20 Gauge Pinfire Shotshell Box

In 1894, the company transferred production to enlarged premises at Angel Road which included a tramway to its wharf on the nearby River Lee. Twice the War Office removed the company from their Approved List of suppliers due to poor quality .303 British ammunition, much of it returned from abroad as unusable. Moreover, poor facilities meant the company had to buy in components, unlike their competitors.

In 1895 an explosion killed three female workers.[4][5]

Another explosion occurred in 1900 killing two workmen and the works manager.[6] The directors squabbled amongst themselves, and in 1906 the mostly female workforce went on strike when their wages were cut, with the Board of Trade appointing an arbitrator.[7] A leading ballistics expert F.W. Jones, was brought in to improve matters and built a 107ft (32.6m) shot tower in 1907. The factory was ill-adapted to mass production - it produced 209 million .303 cartridges in World War I compared with 2,373 million at Kynochs, Birmingham factory - but its specialised skills made it ideal for innovation, such as the preparations of munitions for aircraft.

After the war, Eley, along with other firms, became part of Explosive Trades Ltd, soon part of Nobel Industries. Many Belgians had been billeted in Edmonton as refugees and many, as elsewhere, worked in the armaments industry. This led to natural links between the two countries, and in the 1920s Eley went into partnership with Fabrique Nationale (FN), buying out the Belgian firm of Cartoucherie Russo - Belge. However, the need for ammunition had slumped, and the Angel Road factory closed in 1921, all production being transferred to Nobel's factory in Waltham Abbey.[8]

In 1926 the Eley business was bought from Nobel by IMI industries.[9]

In 1951 Eley released the "Tenex" .22 cartridg for Olympic target competition.[10]

Recent history

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The shot tower at the former Edmonton site was demolished in the late 20th century. The area today is known as the Eley Industrial Estate.

The business later moved to a new purpose-built factory in Sutton Coldfield. The shotgun cartridge business was separated out as "Eley Hawk" and sold to Spanish firm Maxam Explosives. Although a separate company, Eley Hawk continues to operate from the same site as a tenant in Eley Limited's factory.

In 2014, Eley became independent as a result of a management buyout backed by private equity firm LDC (part of Lloyds TSB). [11][12][13][14]

In 2017, via their US subsidiary Eley Inc, the company acquired their US importer and batch-testing partner Killough Shooting Sports.[15] This gave the company more direct control over distribution in the US and brings the batch-testing facility provided by Killough "in house". KSS also owned the American Rimfire Association, which Eley also took control of as part of the acquisition.[16]

In December 2022, LDC divested Eley to Lunele Limited.[17]

Ammunition developed by Eley Brothers

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Literature

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  • An Edmonton Boy. Terry Webb. ISBN 1-903981-00-X. 2000 Published by Biograph. Page 68: "One of the most famous factories on that estate was Eleys which used to make shotgun cartridges. It had a massive great tower and hot lead was dropped from the top of the tower through the water and it turned into little lead balls. I never saw it but that's how they made lead shot; they would drop from the height of this specially constructed tower"
  • In his Sherlock Holmes story The Adventure of the Speckled Band, Arthur Conan Doyle has Holmes tell Dr. John H. Watson that an "Eley's No. 2" is "an excellent argument with gentlemen who can twist steel pokers into knots."[18]
  • 'Eley Cartridges - a history of the silversmiths and ammunition manufacturers' by CW Harding. ISBN 1-904057-91-8. Published in 2006 by Quiller Press. Eley Cartridges traces the history of the Eley name from its agricultural roots, through its rise to the major role it played in the silver manufacturing trade of London and its production of ammunition both in London and Birmingham. Eley Cartridges

References

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  1. ^ "ELEY shines at the Tokyo Olympics". Eley. 13 August 2021. Archived from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  2. ^ GB patent 916, Eley, William, "Cartridge Cases for Breech-Loading Fire-Arms", issued 1861-04-13 
  3. ^ "Eley's Earliest Shotshell Patent". FMC. 3 November 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
  4. ^ "Three deaths have resulted from explosion which occurred yesterday at Eley Brothers' cartridge factory at Edmonton". Dundee Evening Telegraph. 25 July 1895. p. 2. Retrieved 12 September 2024. Three deaths have resulted from explosion which occurred yesterday at Eley Brothers' cartridge factory at Edmonton.
  5. ^ "FATAL EXPLOSION IN A CARTRIDGE FACTORY". Shields Daily Gazette. 25 July 1895. p. 3. Three deaths have resulted from the explosion which occurred yesterdey Eley brother's Cartridge Factory. Edmonton, the victims being all women.
  6. ^ "Anotehr Death". Shields Daily News. 11 September 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 12 September 2024. The deaths by the explosion at Eley Cartridge Factory, in London, yesterday, number three, Thomas Stokoo, works manager, having died last night. The two injured in the hospital are going on fairly well.
  7. ^ "RESULT OF A FACTORY ARBITRATION". Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer. 14 November 1906. p. 9. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
  8. ^ Godfrey A (notes to) Old Ordnance Survey Maps: London Sheet 4, Edmonton (SE) 1894 Alan Godfrey Maps, ISBN 0-85054-969-8 Retrieved 18 March 2008
  9. ^ "MINIATURE CALIBRE ADAPTERS and CONVERSIONS". rifleman.org.uk. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
  10. ^ "The BARNETT "Ten-X" Target Rifles". rifleman.org.uk. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
  11. ^ "LDC backs £42million management buy-out of leading manufacturer Eley Group from IMI plc". LDC. 6 October 2014. Archived from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  12. ^ "Eley Ltd., Rimfire Ammo-Maker, Acquired by LDC for £42 million". Accurate Shooter. 24 October 2014. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  13. ^ "LDC backs £42m Eley buyout". Insider Media. Newsco Insider. 6 October 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
  14. ^ "IMI plc announces the sale of non-core businesses for £42m". IMI. 6 October 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
  15. ^ "About Us". Killough Shooting Sports. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  16. ^ "About ARA". American Rimfire Association. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  17. ^ "ELEY GROUP LIMITED". Companies House. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
  18. ^ The Adventure of the Speckled Band at Wikisource Retrieved 28 February 2011
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