PaperWM is a Gnome Shell extension which provides scrollable tiling of windows and per monitor workspaces. It's inspired by paper notebooks and tiling window managers.

While technically an extension it's to a large extent built on top of the Gnome desktop rather than merely extending it.

PaperWM aims to continually support current stable Gnome shell versions (currently Gnome 45 & Gnome 46). Older versions of PaperWM can generally be installed on older Gnome Shell versions (see Install via Source for more information on targeting an older/EOL Gnome version).

New features and fixes aren't generally backported to older Gnome shell versions. Pull requests for fixes to older PaperWM versions (that run on previous Gnome versions) will be accepted if the submitter can help test and update related documentation.

Have questions or comments? Please ask on our Github Discussions board.

Clone the repo and check out the branch for the Gnome Shell version you're running:

• 45-47 (currently developed/supported): https://github.com/paperwm/PaperWM/tree/release
• 42-44 (EOL): https://github.com/paperwm/PaperWM/tree/gnome-44
• 40-41 (EOL): https://github.com/paperwm/PaperWM/tree/gnome-40
• 3.28-3.38 (EOL): https://github.com/paperwm/PaperWM/tree/gnome-3.38

then run the install.sh script from the repository. The installer will create a link to the repo in ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions. It will then ask if you want to enable PaperWM.

./install.sh # install, load and enable paperwm

➡️ You'll need to restart Gnome shell after installing PaperWM, e.g. logout then login, or restart in place with an alt-F2 and entering r (X11 only).

After logging back in, you can then enable PaperWM via the Extensions application, or by running the following command from the command-line:

/usr/bin/gnome-extensions enable [email protected]

if you have run into issues, delete any older paperwm@... symlinks from ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions and re-run the install.sh script.

To uninstall simply run ./uninstall.sh.

Running the extension will automatically install a user config file as described in User configuration & development.

Users are encouraged to submit issues and Pull Requests!

➡️ Please ensure pull requests are based off, and submitted to, develop branch.

Pull requests submitted to the release branch will not be accepted (but don't worry, if you accidentally submit a PR to the release branch, the target branch will automatically be changed to develop branch).

Most functionality is available using a mouse, eg. activating a window at the edge of the monitor by clicking on it. Wayland support gestures (See the Touchpad Gestures section). PaperWM is designed to work work well with keyboard + mouse, trackpads etc.

Most keybindings start with the Super modifier (by default), which is usually the Windows key, or on mac keyboards it's the Command key. It's possible to modify the keyboard layout so that Super is switched with Alt making all the keybindings easier to reach. This can be done through Gnome Tweaks under Keyboard & Mouse ⟶ Additional Layout Options ⟶ Alt/Win key behavior ⟶ Left Alt is swapped with Left Win.

Most keybindings will grab the keyboard while Super is held down, only switching focus when Super is released. Escape will abort the navigation taking you back to the previously active window.

All PaperWM keybinds can be changed (and disabled) via PaperWM extension settings, which can be accessed through Extensions ⟶ PaperWM ⟶ Settings.

Window management and navigation is based around the three following concepts.

New windows are automatically tiled to the right of the active window (see here for dynamically changing the insertion position of new windows), taking up as much height as possible. SuperReturn will open a new window of the same type as the active window.

Activating a window will ensure it's fully visible, scrolling the tiling if necessary. By default, pressing Super. activates the window to the right. Super, activates the window to the left. On a US keyboard these keys are intuitively marked by < and >, they are also ordered the same way on almost all keyboard layouts. Navigating around windows brings up the minimap as can be seen in the above screenshot. The minimap will stay visible as long as Super is continually being pressed.

Pressing SuperI will move the window to the right below the active window, tiling them vertically in a column. SuperO will do the opposite, pushing the bottom window out of the current column.

Swiping the trackpad horizontally with three fingers (only available in Wayland) or swiping the panel horizontally on a touch screen will scroll the tiling.

AltTab is of course also available.

Pressing SuperAbove_Tab will slide the active workspace down revealing the stack as shown in the above screenshot. You can then flip through the most recently used workspaces with repeated Above_Tab presses while holding Super down. Above_Tab is the key above Tab (` in a US qwerty layout). Like alt-tab Shift is added to move in reverse order:

Pressing SuperPage_Down and SuperPage_Up will slide between workspaces sequentially:

By default SuperPage_Down and SuperPage_Down are bound to the keybindings "Switch to workspace below/above (ws from current monitor)". That means using the keybindings you can select all workspaces that were previously shown on the current monitor and all empty once.

Alternatively you can change these keybindings to "Switch to workspace below/above (ws from all monitors)" in the settings. That way you can switch to all workspaces (that are not currently shown on another monitor). Depending on your workflow this might feel more natural.

The workspace name is shown in the top left corner replacing the Activities button adding a few enhancements. Scrolling on the name will let you browse the workspace stack just like SuperAbove_Tab. Left clicking on the name opens Gnome overview, while right clicking the name lets you access and change the workspace name.

If you prefer to use Gnome workspace "pill", you can replace the workspace name element, and enable the Gnome pill from the General section of PaperWM preferences:

Swiping down on the trackpad vertically with three fingers will initiate the workspace stack, and then allow you navigate the workspace stack with 3-finger vertical swipes (only available in Wayland). See the Touchpad Gestures section for more information on gesture support in PaperWM.

There's a single scrollable tiling per workspace. Adding another monitor simply makes it possible to have another workspace visible. The workspace stack is shared among all the monitors, windows being resized vertically as necessary when workspace is displayed on another monitor.

The scratch layer is an escape hatch to a familiar floating layout. This layer is intended to store windows that are globally useful like chat applications and in general serve as the kitchen sink. When the scratch layer is active it will float above the tiled windows, when hidden the windows will be minimized.

Pressing SuperEscape toggles between showing and hiding the windows in the scratch layer. Activating windows in the scratch layer is done using SuperTab, the floating windows having priority in the list while active. When the tiling is active SuperShiftTab selects the most recently used scratch window.

SuperCtrlEscape will move a tiled window into the scratch layer or alternatively tile an already floating window. This functionality can also be accessed through the window context menu (AltSpace).

PaperWM implements the following touchpad gestures by default:

PaperWM touchpad gesture behaviour can be modified via the General tab in PaperWM settings:

#476 added a coloured window position bar to the Gnome Top Bar. This allows users to visually identify the current selected window position of the scrollable viewport in the current workspace. This is demonstrated in the following video:

The window position bar can be disabled from PaperWM extension settings:

You can style both the coloured position bar and the dimmed "position bar backdrop" by overriding the paperwm-window-position-bar and paperwm-window-position-bar-backdrop CSS classes respectively (see user.css in User configuration & development section for more information). The paperwm-window-position-bar will also inherit the selection color (same as window borders) from tile-preview.

Note: PaperWM overrides the default Gnome Top Bar style to be completely transparent so that the dimmed window-position-bar-backdrop and window-position-bar elements are visible.

#482 added the concept of window focus modes to PaperWM. A focus mode controls how windows are "focused". The following modes are currently available:

• the DEFAULT focus mode is the traditional PaperWM behaviour (no snapping, just free scrolling)
• the CENTER focus mode causes all windows to be centered horizontally on selection
• the EDGE focus mode causes windows to snap to the closest edge horizontally on selection (but while there is only one window, it is centered)

Focus modes can be toggled by user-settable keybinding (default is Super+Shift+c), or by clicking the new focus-mode button in the Top Bar:

The default focus mode is the standard PaperWM focus mode (i.e. not centered). This can be changed according to preference by changing the Default focus mode setting PaperWM settings.

Note: changing this setting during a PaperWM session will set all spaces to the new default focus mode.

Users may also prefer to hide the focus mode icon. You can do so from the Advanced tab in PaperWM extension settings:

It's possible to set window properties using simple rules that will be applied when placing new windows. Properties can applied to windows identified by their wm_class or title. The following properties are currently supported:

Window properties can be added using the Winprops tab of the PaperWM extension settings:

The wm_class or title of a window can be found by using looking glass: AltF2 lg Return Go to the "Windows" section at the top right and find the window. X11 users can also use the xprop command line tool (title is referred as WM_NAME in xprop). The match of wm_class and title are with an OR condition; and in addition to a plain string matching, a constructed RegExp() can be used to utilise regex matching. For example, e.g. /.*terminal.*/i would match on any value that contains the word "terminal" (case-insensitive).

You can use the functionality defined in the setting window specific properties section to define a default window property rule that will be applied to all windows NOT matched by a more specific window property rule.

You do this by using the special "match all" operator * as an input for wm_class or title. The below image shows setting a default Preferred width value of 50%.

This special operator is at a lower precedence, so more specific properties that match a window will always take precedence and be applied.

By default PaperWM inserts new windows (and drops windows in take mode, see Managing multiple windows at once) to the right of the currently active window. This behaviour can be changed via PaperWM settings, or with the Open Window Position button/icon (which is to the right of the focus mode icon):

There are several positions available for selection. Namely, right, left, start, end. The latter two will insert windows at the start or end of tiled windows container.

Options for these settings, as well as settings to enable/disable specific positions in the Open Window Position buttons, are provided in PaperWM settings:

PaperWM provides functionality to move, reorder, and close multiple windows at once. These "multi-window" operations are initialised with the Take the window, dropping it when finished navigating keybind (default SuperT).

This allows you to take multiple windows and temporarily store them in the bottom-right corner of the workspace. The following operations are available while there are one or more windows "taken":

Selectively take/drop windows (pressing spacebar to drop the latest taken window):

Selecting all windows across spaces to close at once (pressing q):

Reordering "taken" windows and selectively dropping them:

You can supply a custom user.css in ~/.config/paperwm/. This user stylesheet can override the default styles of paperwm (e.g. from ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/[email protected]/user.css or /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/[email protected]/user.css), gnome or even other extensions. The same rules as for CSS in the browser apply (i.e. CSS rules are additive).

You can reload the user.css by disabling (turning off) PaperWM and then re-enabling PaperWM (turning on), e.g via Extensions app, or by running Main.loadTheme() in looking glass (i.e. AltF2 lg Return). Note that the latter approach will reload all other .css files (e.g. from other extensions) and user.css needs to already be loaded for this to work. So after initially creating the file you'll need to disable then enable PaperWM (or restart Gnome).

PaperWM provides an extension settings UI to modify many of PaperWM's more prevalent settings. This is available in the gnome-extensions application.

You can also use dconf-editor to view and modify all PaperWM user settings. You can view all settings by executing the following command from a terminal:

GSETTINGS_SCHEMA_DIR=::$HOME/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/[email protected]/schemas dconf-editor /org/gnome/shell/extensions/paperwm/ &>/dev/null

Below is a list of user-configurable settings that are not exposed in the PaperWM settings UI. These can be modified via dconf-editor.

Note: you can override this for individual workspaces in the settings UI.

Example:

dconf write /org/gnome/shell/extensions/paperwm/default-background '"/home/user/Wallpaper/mars-sunset-2k.jpg"'

PaperWM by default changes the opacity of the Gnome Top Bar. This styling is used for certain PaperWM features. However, this styling may conflict with the Top Bar styling of other extensions (that you may prefer have style the Top Bar instead).

Users can disable PaperWM's ability to change GNOME Top Bar styling from PaperWM settings:

Note: several PaperWM specific features are dependent on changing the Gnome Top Bar to function correctly. If you choose to disable PaperWM's ability to change the Top Bar styles (with the setting above), you may also want to disable the Window Position Bar.

There's a few Gnome Shell settings that are incompatible with, or work poorly with, PaperWM. Namely

• workspaces-only-on-primary: Multi monitor support require workspaces spanning all monitors
• edge-tiling: We don't support the native half tiled windows
• attach-modal-dialogs: Attached modal dialogs can cause visual glitching

PaperWM manages these settings (disables them) during runtime. It will then restore these settings to their prior values when PaperWM is disabled.

These extensions are good complements to PaperWM:

• Switcher - combined window switcher and launcher
• Dash to Dock - a great dock

In most cases it should be enough to disable these extensions.

• DING (Desktop Icons NG) (shipped by default with Ubuntu) or similar extensions that add desktop icons. Creates invisible windows and does not properly show icons. See #784, #266
• Fedoras builtin desktop watermark (shipped with Fedora) See #706
• Rounded Window Corners or similar extensions that change the window shape. See #763, #431
• Space Bar or similar extensions that modify workspace names etc. See #720
• Dash to Panel or similar panels. Works in some configurations and in some not. Is incompatible with PaperWMs window position bar. See #170, #199, #646, #382, #166, #258

See issues tagged with the extension-conflict label for current and closed issues related to extension conflicts.

In general extensions that do one of the following are problematic when used together with PaperWM (although they might partially work):

• Modify the desktop
• Modify window "shapes" (e.g. rounded corners)
• Modify workspaces
• Modify touch gestures

PaperWM will attempt to disable keybindings of some known extensions if they clash. E.g. the Ubuntu Tiling Assistant from Ubuntu 23.10.

More projects are embracing the scrollable tiling concept! The following projects may be of interest to others (especially if PaperWM doesn't quite work for you):

• Niri: https://github.com/YaLTeR/niri
• Karousel (for KDE): https://github.com/peterfajdiga/karousel
• papersway (for i3/sway): https://spwhitton.name/tech/code/papersway/

A similar idea was apparently tried out a while back: 10/GUI.