It's not clear how to handle Program Id in a build and deployment process

[gisek]

Hi, this issue probably falls into the "documentation" category. I'm new to Solana and Anchor and I'm trying to follow your "A Minimal Example" article

We start with a lib.rs file which among others contains this line:

declare_id!("Fg6PaFpoGXkYsidMpWTK6W2BeZ7FEfcYkg476zPFsLnS");

Then we go anchor build, the resulting ./target/idl/basic_0.json file looks like that:

{
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "name": "basic_0",
  "instructions": [
    {
      "name": "initialize",
      "accounts": [],
      "args": []
    }
  ]
}

Then we go anchor build and ./target/idl/basic_0.json changes to:

{
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "name": "basic_0",
  "instructions": [
    {
      "name": "initialize",
      "accounts": [],
      "args": []
    }
  ],
  "metadata": {
    "address": "47zS7NKHTP3DAECX6vv1uwB44RgZndUvgAGfWyh1haj7"
  }
}

We also get a log:

To deploy this program:
  $ solana program deploy /devel/anchor-minimal/examples/tutorial/basic-0/target/deploy/basic_0.so
The program address will default to this keypair (override with --program-id):
  /devel/anchor-minimal/examples/tutorial/basic-0/target/deploy/basic_0-keypair.json
[andrzej@andrzej-legion basic-0]$ anchor deploy
Deploying workspace: http://127.0.0.1:8899
Upgrade authority: /home/andrzej/.config/solana/id.json
Deploying program "basic-0"...
Program path: /devel/anchor-minimal/examples/tutorial/basic-0/target/deploy/basic_0.so...
Program Id: 47zS7NKHTP3DAECX6vv1uwB44RgZndUvgAGfWyh1haj7

So the program id, of the newly deployed program was added to the IDL file. But it conflicts with the declare_id!("Fg6PaFpoGXkYsidMpWTK6W2BeZ7FEfcYkg476zPFsLnS"); from lib.rs.

I tried to remove declare_id! line, but the compiler doesn't like it:

[andrzej@andrzej-legion basic-0]$ anchor build
BPF SDK: /home/andrzej/.local/share/solana/install/releases/1.7.12/solana-release/bin/sdk/bpf
Running: rustup toolchain list -v
Running: cargo +bpf build --target bpfel-unknown-unknown --release
   Compiling basic-0 v0.1.0 (/devel/anchor-minimal/examples/tutorial/basic-0/programs/basic-0)
error[E0425]: cannot find value `ID` in this scope
 --> programs/basic-0/src/lib.rs:5:1
  |
5 | #[program]
  | ^^^^^^^^^^ not found in this scope
  |
  = note: this error originates in an attribute macro (in Nightly builds, run with -Z macro-backtrace for more info)

error: aborting due to previous error

For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0425`.
error: could not compile `basic-0`

1. So what's the role of this declare_id! macro and why do we have to declare the Program Id up front if it's only known upon deployment?
2. What are the steps do to this correctly?

Thanks

[perlish]

After first deploy, you can use address in declare_id and upgrade the contract
anchor upgrade --program-id xxx ./target/deploy/yyy.so

If you don't want to upgrade contract, use the anchor_spl::token::ID in Contract and remove declare_id macro

[armaniferrante]

This should be mostly addressed by #695.

[ghost]

Thanks @perlish @armaniferrante
Is there a way to specify programId / keypair while using anchor deploy function? anchor build output shows how to do this with pure solana:

Running: cargo +bpf build --target bpfel-unknown-unknown --release
    Finished release [optimized] target(s) in 0.20s
Running: /home/andrzej/.local/share/solana/install/releases/1.7.12/solana-release/bin/sdk/bpf/dependencies/bpf-tools/llvm/bin/llvm-readelf --dyn-symbols /devel/App/App.Solana/target/deploy/app.so

To deploy this program:
  $ solana program deploy /devel/App/App.Solana/target/deploy/app.so  //     <-------- *here*
The program address will default to this keypair (override with --program-id):

but if I do it with pure solana CLI, my IDL file isn't updated with:

  "metadata": {
    "address": "47zS7NKHTP3DAECX6vv1uwB44RgZndUvgAGfWyh1haj7"
  } 

[armaniferrante]

Thanks @perlish @armaniferrante Is there a way to specify programId / keypair while using anchor deploy function? anchor build output shows how to do this with pure solana:

anchor deploy will just use whatever is in the standard target/deploy/<program-name>-keypair.json file. If you want a custom program id keypair file, you can use solana program deploy. You just need to make sure you set the address correctly in your program via declare_id before building and deploying.