ch13_part1.py

# coding: utf-8


import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
import pathlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import tensorflow_datasets as tfds

# *Python Machine Learning 3rd Edition* by [Sebastian Raschka](https://sebastianraschka.com) & [Vahid Mirjalili](http://vahidmirjalili.com), Packt Publishing Ltd. 2019
# 
# Code Repository: https://github.com/rasbt/python-machine-learning-book-3rd-edition
# 
# Code License: [MIT License](https://github.com/rasbt/python-machine-learning-book-3rd-edition/blob/master/LICENSE.txt)

# # Chapter 13: Parallelizing Neural Network Training with TensorFlow (Part 1/2)
# 

# Note that the optional watermark extension is a small IPython notebook plugin that I developed to make the code reproducible. You can just skip the following line(s).









# ## TensorFlow and training performance

# ### Performance challenges

# ### What is TensorFlow?

# ### How we will learn TensorFlow

# ## First steps with TensorFlow

# ### Installing TensorFlow



#! pip install tensorflow




print('TensorFlow version:', tf.__version__)

np.set_printoptions(precision=3)






# ### Creating tensors in TensorFlow



a = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=np.int32)
b = [4, 5, 6]

t_a = tf.convert_to_tensor(a)
t_b = tf.convert_to_tensor(b)

print(t_a)
print(t_b)




tf.is_tensor(a), tf.is_tensor(t_a)




t_ones = tf.ones((2, 3))

t_ones.shape




t_ones.numpy()




const_tensor = tf.constant([1.2, 5, np.pi], dtype=tf.float32)

print(const_tensor)


# ### Manipulating the data type and shape of a tensor



t_a_new = tf.cast(t_a, tf.int64)

print(t_a_new.dtype)




t = tf.random.uniform(shape=(3, 5))

t_tr = tf.transpose(t)
print(t.shape, ' --> ', t_tr.shape)




t = tf.zeros((30,))

t_reshape = tf.reshape(t, shape=(5, 6))

print(t_reshape.shape)




t = tf.zeros((1, 2, 1, 4, 1))

t_sqz = tf.squeeze(t, axis=(2, 4))

print(t.shape, ' --> ', t_sqz.shape)


# ### Applying mathematical operations to tensors



tf.random.set_seed(1)

t1 = tf.random.uniform(shape=(5, 2), 
                       minval=-1.0,
                       maxval=1.0)

t2 = tf.random.normal(shape=(5, 2), 
                      mean=0.0,
                      stddev=1.0)




t3 = tf.multiply(t1, t2).numpy()
print(t3)




t4 = tf.math.reduce_mean(t1, axis=0)

print(t4)




t5 = tf.linalg.matmul(t1, t2, transpose_b=True)

print(t5.numpy())




t6 = tf.linalg.matmul(t1, t2, transpose_a=True)

print(t6.numpy())




norm_t1 = tf.norm(t1, ord=2, axis=1).numpy()

print(norm_t1)




np.sqrt(np.sum(np.square(t1), axis=1))


# ### Split, stack, and concatenate tensors



tf.random.set_seed(1)

t = tf.random.uniform((6,))

print(t.numpy())

t_splits = tf.split(t, 3)

[item.numpy() for item in t_splits]




tf.random.set_seed(1)
t = tf.random.uniform((5,))

print(t.numpy())

t_splits = tf.split(t, [3, 2])

[item.numpy() for item in t_splits]




A = tf.ones((3,))
B = tf.zeros((2,))

C = tf.concat([A, B], axis=0)
print(C.numpy())




A = tf.ones((3,))
B = tf.zeros((3,))

S = tf.stack([A, B], axis=1)
print(S.numpy())


# ## Building input pipelines using tf.data: The TensorFlow Dataset API

# ### Creating a TensorFlow Dataset from existing tensors 



a = [1.2, 3.4, 7.5, 4.1, 5.0, 1.0]

ds = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(a)

print(ds)




for item in ds:
    print(item)




ds_batch = ds.batch(3)

for i, elem in enumerate(ds_batch, 1):
    print('batch {}:'.format(i), elem.numpy())


# ### Combining two tensors into a joint dataset



tf.random.set_seed(1)

t_x = tf.random.uniform([4, 3], dtype=tf.float32)
t_y = tf.range(4)




ds_x = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(t_x)
ds_y = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(t_y)
    
ds_joint = tf.data.Dataset.zip((ds_x, ds_y))

for example in ds_joint:
    print('  x: ', example[0].numpy(), 
          '  y: ', example[1].numpy())




## method 2:
ds_joint = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((t_x, t_y))

for example in ds_joint:
    print('  x: ', example[0].numpy(), 
          '  y: ', example[1].numpy())




ds_trans = ds_joint.map(lambda x, y: (x*2-1.0, y))

for example in ds_trans:
    print('  x: ', example[0].numpy(), 
          '  y: ', example[1].numpy())


# ### Shuffle, batch, and repeat



tf.random.set_seed(1)
ds = ds_joint.shuffle(buffer_size=len(t_x))

for example in ds:
    print('  x: ', example[0].numpy(), 
          '  y: ', example[1].numpy())




ds = ds_joint.batch(batch_size=3,
                    drop_remainder=False)

batch_x, batch_y = next(iter(ds))

print('Batch-x: \n', batch_x.numpy())

print('Batch-y:   ', batch_y.numpy())




ds = ds_joint.batch(3).repeat(count=2)

for i,(batch_x, batch_y) in enumerate(ds):
    print(i, batch_x.shape, batch_y.numpy())




ds = ds_joint.repeat(count=2).batch(3)

for i,(batch_x, batch_y) in enumerate(ds):
    print(i, batch_x.shape, batch_y.numpy())




tf.random.set_seed(1)

## Order 1: shuffle -> batch -> repeat
ds = ds_joint.shuffle(4).batch(2).repeat(20)

for i,(batch_x, batch_y) in enumerate(ds):
    print(i, batch_x.shape, batch_y.numpy())




tf.random.set_seed(1)

## Order 2: batch -> shuffle -> repeat
ds = ds_joint.batch(2).shuffle(4).repeat(20)

for i,(batch_x, batch_y) in enumerate(ds):
    print(i, batch_x.shape, batch_y.numpy())


# ### Creating a dataset from files on your local storage disk




imgdir_path = pathlib.Path('images')

file_list = [str(path) for path in imgdir_path.glob('*.jpg')]

print(file_list)






fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
for i,file in enumerate(file_list):
    img_raw = tf.io.read_file(file)
    img = tf.image.decode_image(img_raw)
    print('Image shape: ', img.shape)
    ax = fig.add_subplot(2, 3, i+1)
    ax.set_xticks([]); ax.set_yticks([])
    ax.imshow(img)
    ax.set_title(file, size=15)
    
# plt.savefig('ch13-catdot-examples.pdf')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()




labels = [1 if 'dog' in file else 0
          for file in file_list]
print(labels)




ds_files_labels = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(
    (file_list, labels))

for item in ds_files_labels:
    print(item[0].numpy(), item[1].numpy())




def load_and_preprocess(path, label):
    image = tf.io.read_file(path)
    image = tf.image.decode_jpeg(image, channels=3)
    image = tf.image.resize(image, [img_height, img_width])
    image /= 255.0

    return image, label

img_width, img_height = 120, 80

ds_images_labels = ds_files_labels.map(load_and_preprocess)

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
for i,example in enumerate(ds_images_labels):
    print(example[0].shape, example[1].numpy())
    ax = fig.add_subplot(2, 3, i+1)
    ax.set_xticks([]); ax.set_yticks([])
    ax.imshow(example[0])
    ax.set_title('{}'.format(example[1].numpy()), 
                 size=15)
    
plt.tight_layout()
#plt.savefig('ch13-catdog-dataset.pdf')
plt.show()


# ### Fetching available datasets from the tensorflow_datasets library








print(len(tfds.list_builders()))
print(tfds.list_builders()[:5])




## Run this to see the full list:
tfds.list_builders()


# Fetching CelebA dataset



celeba_bldr = tfds.builder('celeb_a')

print(celeba_bldr.info.features)
print('\n', 30*"=", '\n')
print(celeba_bldr.info.features.keys())
print('\n', 30*"=", '\n')
print(celeba_bldr.info.features['image'])
print('\n', 30*"=", '\n')
print(celeba_bldr.info.features['attributes'].keys())
print('\n', 30*"=", '\n')
print(celeba_bldr.info.citation)




# Download the data, prepare it, and write it to disk
celeba_bldr.download_and_prepare()




# Load data from disk as tf.data.Datasets
datasets = celeba_bldr.as_dataset()

datasets.keys()




#import tensorflow as tf
ds_train = datasets['train']
assert isinstance(ds_train, tf.data.Dataset)

example = next(iter(ds_train))
print(type(example))
print(example.keys())




ds_train = ds_train.map(lambda item: 
     (item['image'], tf.cast(item['attributes']['Male'], tf.int32)))




ds_train = ds_train.batch(18)
images, labels = next(iter(ds_train))

print(images.shape, labels)




fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
for i,(image,label) in enumerate(zip(images, labels)):
    ax = fig.add_subplot(3, 6, i+1)
    ax.set_xticks([]); ax.set_yticks([])
    ax.imshow(image)
    ax.set_title('{}'.format(label), size=15)
    
plt.show()


# Alternative ways for loading a dataset



mnist, mnist_info = tfds.load('mnist', with_info=True)

print(mnist_info)

print(mnist.keys())




ds_train = mnist['train']

assert isinstance(ds_train, tf.data.Dataset)

ds_train = ds_train.map(lambda item: 
     (item['image'], item['label']))

ds_train = ds_train.batch(10)
batch = next(iter(ds_train))
print(batch[0].shape, batch[1])

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(15, 6))
for i,(image,label) in enumerate(zip(batch[0], batch[1])):
    ax = fig.add_subplot(2, 5, i+1)
    ax.set_xticks([]); ax.set_yticks([])
    ax.imshow(image[:, :, 0], cmap='gray_r')
    ax.set_title('{}'.format(label), size=15)



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