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Decentralized Web Node

Specification Status: Draft

Latest Draft: identity.foundation/decentralized-web-node/spec

Previous Draft: 0.0.1-predraft

Editors: ~ Daniel Buchner (Block) ~ Tobias Looker (Mattr)

Contributors: ~ Henry Tsai (Microsoft) ~ XinAn Xu (Microsoft) ~ Moe Jangda (Block)

Participate: ~ GitHub repo ~ File a bug ~ Commit history

Abstract

Most digital activities between people, organizations, devices, and other entities require the exchange of messages and data. For entities to exchange messages and data for credential, app, or service flows, they need an interface through which to store, discover, and fetch data related to the flows and experiences they are participating in. A Decentralized Web Node (DWN) is a data storage and message relay mechanism entities can use to locate public or private permissioned data related to a given Decentralized Identifier (DID). Decentralized Web Nodes are a mesh-like datastore construction that enable an entity to operate multiple nodes that sync to the same state across one another, enabling the owning entity to secure, manage, and transact their data with others without reliance on location or provider-specific infrastructure, interfaces, or routing mechanisms.

Status of This Document

Decentralized Web Node is a DRAFT specification under development within the Decentralized Identity Foundation (DIF). It is an active work item of the Secure Data Storage Working Group at DIF. It incorporates requirements and learnings from related work of many active industry players into a shared specification that meets the collective needs of the community.

The specification will be updated to incorporate feedback, from DIF members and the wider community, with a reference implementation being developed within DIF that exercises the features and requirements defined here. We encourage reviewers to submit GitHub Issues as the means by which to communicate feedback and contributions.

Terminology

[[def:Decentralized Web Node, Decentralized Web Nodes, DWN, Node, Nodes]] ~ A decentralized personal and application data storage and message relay node, as defined in the DIF Decentralized Web Node specification. Users may have multiple Nodes that replicate their data between them.

[[def:Decentralized Identifiers, Decentralized Identifier, DID]] ~ Unique ID URI string and PKI metadata document format for describing the cryptographic keys and other fundamental PKI values linked to a unique, user-controlled, self-sovereign identifier in a target system (e.g., blockchain, distributed ledger).

Topology

Protocol Stack

Decentralized Web Nodes are comprised of the following component layers, each of which is defined in this specification to ensure multiple Decentralized Web Node implementations can be used together and operate as a single logical unit for users.

<style id="protocol-stack-styles"> #protocol-stack-styles + table { display: table; width: 400px; border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / 80%); overflow: hidden; } #protocol-stack-styles + table tr, #protocol-stack-styles + table td { border: none; } #protocol-stack-styles + table tr { text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgb(255 255 255 / 75%); } #protocol-stack-styles + table tr:nth-child(1) { background: hsl(0deg 100% 87%); } #protocol-stack-styles + table tr:nth-child(2) { background: hsl(0deg 100% 82%); } #protocol-stack-styles + table tr:nth-child(3) { background: hsl(198deg 100% 87%); } #protocol-stack-styles + table tr:nth-child(4) { background: hsl(198deg 100% 77%); } #protocol-stack-styles + table tr:nth-child(5) { background: hsl(274deg 100% 91%); } #protocol-stack-styles + table tr:nth-child(6) { background: hsl(274deg 100% 85%); } #protocol-stack-styles + table tr:nth-child(7) { background: hsl(149deg 100% 86%); } #protocol-stack-styles + table tr:nth-child(8) { background: hsl(149deg 100% 73%); } </style>

:----: | DID Authentication | Access & Authorization | Interface Definitions | Interface-Specific Processing | Object Format | Object Signing / Encryption | IPLD Multiformats |

Service Endpoints

The following DID Document Service Endpoint entries MUST be present in the DID Document of a target DID for DID-relative URL resolution to properly locate the URI for addressing a DID owner's Decentralized Web Nodes:

{
  "id": "did:example:123",
  "service": [{
    "id":"#dwn",
    "type": "DecentralizedWebNode",
    "serviceEndpoint": {
      "nodes": ["https://dwn.example.com", "https://example.org/dwn"]
    }
  }]
}

Addressing

A user's Decentralized Web Nodes can be addressed in many ways, but the mechanisms below MUST be supported by a compliant Decentralized Web Node implementation:

DID-Relative URLs

The following DID URL constructions are used to address [[ref: Decentralized Web Nodes]] found to be associated with a given DID, as located via the DID resolution process.

Composition

The following process defines how a DID-Relative URL is composed to address a Decentralized Web Node:

  1. Let the base URI authority portion of the DID URL string be the target DID being addressed.
  2. Append a service parameter to the DID URL string with the value DecentralizedWebNode.
  3. Assemble an array of the Message Descriptor objects as desired for encoding in the DID-relative URL
  4. JSON stringify the array of Message Descriptor objects from Step 3, then Base64Url encode the stringified output.
  5. Append a queries parameter to the DID URL string with the value set to the JSON stringified, Base64Url encoded output of Step 4.

DID-relative URLs are composed of the following segments

did:example:123 + ?service=DecentralizedWebNode + &queries= + toBase64Url( JSON.stringify( [{ DESCRIPTOR_1 }, { DESCRIPTOR_N }] ) )

did:example:123?service=DecentralizedWebNode&queries=W3sgTUVTU0FHRV8xIH0sIHsgTUVTU0FHRV9OIH1d...

Resolution

The following process defines how a DID-Relative URL for a Decentralized Web Node is resolved:

  1. Resolve the DID in the authority portion of the URL in accordance with the W3C Decentralized Identifier Resolution process, which returns the DID Document for the resolved DID.
  2. As indicated by the presence of the service parameter, locate the DecentralizedWebNode entry in the DID Document's Service Endpoint entries.
  3. Parse the DecentralizedWebNode Service Endpoint object and select the first URI present in the serviceEndpoint objects nodes array. NOTE: implementers SHOULD select from the URIs in the nodes array in index order.
  4. If the URI located in step 3 is not a DID URI, proceed to step 5. If the URI from step 3 is a DID, resolve the DID and follow steps 2 and 3 to select the first URI in the DID's DecentralizedWebNode Service Endpoint object nodes array that is not a DID URI. Do not iterate this loop more than once - if a non-DID URI cannot be located after one loop of recursive resolution, terminate resolution and produce an error.
  5. Assuming a non-DID URI was located in steps 2-4, let the located URI be the base URI of the [[ref: Decentralized Web Node]] request being constructed.

Request Construction

DID-Relative URL example for passing multiple messages:

::: note For example purposes, the queries parameter value below is neither JSON stringified nor Base64Url encoded, but should be when using Decentralized Web Node URLs in practice (see the DID-relative URL Composition instructions above). :::

did:example:123?service=DecentralizedWebNode&queries=[{ "method": "CollectionsQuery", "schema": "https://schema.org/SocialMediaPosting" }]
did:example:123?service=DecentralizedWebNode&queries=W3sgTUVTU0FHRV8xIH0sIHsgTUVTU0FHRV9OIH1d...

Resolve DID to locate its Decentralized Web Node URIs:

did:example:123 --> resolve to Decentralized Web Node endpoint(s) --> https://dwn.example.com/

Construct the Request Object{id=request-object}:

  1. Create a JSON object for the request.
  2. The Request Object MUST include a target property, and its value MUST be the Decentralized Identifier base URI of the DID-relative URL.
  3. The Request Object MUST include a messages property, and its value MUST be an array composed of Message objects that are generated by parsing the DID-relative URL's queries parameter value as a JSON array and performing the following steps for each entry:
    1. Construct a Message object.
    2. Set the descriptor property of the Message object to the entry, ensuring it is a valid Message Descriptor object.
    3. Augment the Message object with any signing and authorization values required, as described in the Messages section.
    4. Append the object to the Request Object's messages array.

HTTP POST example:

POST https://dwn.example.com/

BODY {
  "target": "did:example:123",
  "messages": [
    {
      "descriptor": {
        "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
        "method": "CollectionsQuery",
        "schema": "https://schema.org/SocialMediaPosting"
      }
    },
    {...}
  ]
}

Request Objects

Request Objects are JSON object envelopes used to pass messages to Decentralized Web Nodes.

{  // Request Object
  "target": "did:example:123",
  "messages": [  // Message Objects
    {...},
    {...},
    {...}
  ]
}

Request Objects are composed as follows:

  1. The Request Object MUST include a target property, and its value MUST be the Decentralized Identifier base URI of the DID-relative URL.
  2. The Request Object MUST include a messages property, and its value MUST be an array composed of Message objects.

Messages

All Decentralized Web Node messaging is transacted via Messages JSON objects. These objects contain message execution parameters, authorization material, authorization signatures, and signing/encryption information. For various purposes Messages rely on IPFS CIDs and DAG APIs.

{  // Request Object
  "target": "did:example:123",
  "messages": [  // Message Objects
    {
      "data": BASE64URL_STRING,
      "descriptor": {
        "nonce": 32BYTE_RANDOM_NUMBER,
        "method": INTERFACE_METHOD_STRING,
        "dataCid": DATA_CID_STRING,
        "dataFormat": DATA_FORMAT_STRING,
      }
    },
    {...}
  ]
}

Messages objects MUST be composed as follows:

In order to enable data replication features for a [[ref: Decentralized Web Node]], all Messages MUST be committed to an IPFS DAG in a tree allocated to the DID of the owner after all subtrees are composed and committed. The top-level of Message objects MUST be committed as a DAG CBOR encoded object.

  • Message objects MAY contain a data property, and if present its value MUST be a base64Url encoded string of the Message's data.
  • Message objects MUST contain a descriptor property, and its value MUST be an object composed as follows:
    • The object MUST contain a nonce property, and its value MUST be a cryptographically random string that ensures each object is unique.
    • The object MUST contain a method property, and its value MUST be a string that matches a Decentralized Web Node Interface method.
    • If the Message has data associated with it, passed directly via the data property of the Message or an external channel (e.g. IPFS fetch), the descriptor object MUST contain a dataCid property, and its value MUST be the stringified Version 1 CID of the DAG PB encoded data.
    • If the Message has data associated with it, passed directly via the data property of the Message object or through a channel external to the message object, the descriptor object MUST contain a dataFormat property, and its value MUST be a string that corresponds with a registered IANA Media Type data format (the most common being plain JSON, which is indicated by setting the value of the dataFormat property to application/json), or one of the following format strings pending registration:

::: note Individual Interface methods may describe additional properties that the descriptor object MUST or MAY contain, which are detailed in the Interfaces section of the specification. :::

Message Authorization

Some messages may require authorization material for processing them in accordance with the permissions a [[ref: Decentralized Web Node]] owner has specified. If a message requires authorization it MUST include an authorization property with a value that is a [[spec:rfc7515]] General JSON Web Signature (JWS), constructed as follows:

{  // Request Object
  "target": "did:example:123",
  "messages": [  // Message Objects
      "data": BASE64URL_STRING,
      "descriptor": {
        "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
        "method": "CollectionsWrite",
        "schema": "https://schema.org/SocialMediaPosting",
        "recordId": "b6464162-84af-4aab-aff5-f1f8438dfc1e",
        "dataCid": CID(data),
        "dateCreated": 123456789,
        "dataFormat": "application/json"
      },
      "attestation": {
        "payload": "89f5hw458fhw958fq094j9jdq0943j58jfq09j49j40f5qj30jf",
        "signatures": [{
          "protected": "4d093qj5h3f9j204fq8h5398hf9j24f5q9h83402048h453q",
          "signature": "49jq984h97qh3a49j98cq5h38j09jq9853h409jjq09h5q9j4"
        }]
      },
      "authorization": {
        "payload": "bafybeigdyrzt5sfp7udm7hu76uh7y26nf3efuylqabf3oclgtqy55fbzdi",
        "signatures": [{
          "protected": "f454w56e57r68jrhe56gw45gw35w65w4f5i54c85j84wh5jj8h5",
          "signature": "5678nr67e56g45wf546786n9t78r67e45657bern797t8r6e5"
        }]
      }
    },
    {...}
  ]
}
  • The JWS MUST include a protected property, and its value must be an object composed of the following values:
    • The object MUST include an alg property, and its value MUST be the string representing the algorithm used to verify the signature (as defined by the [[spec:rfc7515]] JSON Web Signature specification).
    • The object MUST include a kid property, and its value MUST be a DID URL string identifying the key to be used in verifying the signature.
  • The JWS MUST include a payload property, and its value must be an object composed of the following values:
    • The object MUST include a descriptorCid property, and its value MUST be the stringified Version 1 CID of the DAG CBOR encoded descriptor object.
    • The object MAY include a permissionsGrantCid property, and its value MUST be the stringified Version 1 CID of the DAG CBOR encoded Permission Grant being invoked.
    • If attestation of an object is permitted, the payload MAY include an attestationCid property, and its value MUST be the stringified Version 1 CID of the DAG CBOR encoded attestation string.

Raw Data

If there is no need or desire to sign or encrypt the content of a message (i.e. public repudiable data), the message descriptor object is the only property required in a Message (with any method-specific properties required). An optional data property may be passed at the Message level that contains the data associated with the message (when data is desired or required to be present for a given method invocation).

{ // Message
  "data": BASE64URL_STRING,
  "descriptor": {
    "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
    "method": "ThreadsWrite",
    "schema": "https://schema.org/InviteAction",
    "threadId": "b6464162-84af-4aab-aff5-f1f8438dfc1e",
    "dataCid": CID(data),
    "dateCreated": 123456789,
    "dataFormat": "application/json"
  }
}

Signed Data

If the object is to be attested by a signer (e.g the Node owner via signature with their DID key), the object MUST contain the following additional properties to produce a [[spec:rfc7515]] General JSON Web Signature (JWS):

{ // Message
  "data": {...},
  "descriptor": {
    "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
    "method": "ThreadsWrite",
    "schema": "https://schema.org/InviteAction",
    "threadId": "b6464162-84af-4aab-aff5-f1f8438dfc1e",
    "dataCid": CID(data),
    "dateCreated": 123456789,
    "dataFormat": "application/json"
  },
  "attestation": {
    "payload": "89f5hw458fhw958fq094j9jdq0943j58jfq09j49j40f5qj30jf",
    "signatures": [{
      "protected": "4d093qj5h3f9j204fq8h5398hf9j24f5q9h83402048h453q",
      "signature": "49jq984h97qh3a49j98cq5h38j09jq9853h409jjq09h5q9j4"
    }]
  }
  ...
}

The message generating party MUST construct the signed message object as follows:

  1. The Message object MUST contain an attestation property, and its value MUST be a General object representation of a [[spec:rfc7515]] JSON Web Signature composed as follows:
    • The object must include a payload property, and its value must be the stringified Version 1 CID of the DAG CBOR encoded descriptor object, whose composition is defined in the Message Descriptor section of this specification.
    • The object MUST include a protected property, and its value must be an object composed of the following values:
      • The object MUST include an alg property, and its value MUST be the string representing the algorithm used to verify the signature (as defined by the [[spec:rfc7515]] JSON Web Signature specification).
      • The object MUST include a kid property, and its value MUST be a DID URL string identifying the key to be used in verifying the signature.
    • The object MUST include a signature property, and its value must be a signature string produced by signing the protected and payload values, in accordance with the [[spec:rfc7515]] JSON Web Signature specification.

Encrypted Data

If the object is to be encrypted (e.g the Node owner encrypting their data to keep it private), the descriptor object MUST be constructed as follows:

{ // Message
  "data": { 
    "protected": ...,
    "recipients": ...,
    "ciphertext": ...,
    "iv": ...,
    "tag": ... 
  },
  "descriptor": {
    "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
    "method": "CollectionsQuery",
    "schema": "https://schema.org/SocialMediaPosting"
  }
  ...
}

The message generating party MUST construct an encrypted message as follows:

  1. The encryption property of the descriptor object MUST be set to the string value jwe.
  2. Generate a [[spec:rfc7516]] JSON Web Encryption (JWE) object for the data that is to be represented in the message.
  3. Generate a Version 1 CID from the JWE of the data produced in Step 1, and set the dataCid property of the descriptor object as the stringified representation of the CID.

Signed & Encrypted Data

If the object is to be both attributed to a signer and encrypted encrypted, it MUST be structured as follows:

{ // Message
  "data": { 
    "protected": ...,
    "recipients": ...,
    "ciphertext": ...,
    "iv": ...,
    "tag": ... 
  },
  "descriptor": {
    "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
    "method": "CollectionsQuery",
    "schema": "https://schema.org/SocialMediaPosting"
  },
  "attestation": {
    "payload": "89f5hw458fhw958fq094j9jdq0943j58jfq09j49j40f5qj30jf",
    "signatures": [{
      "protected": "4d093qj5h3f9j204fq8h5398hf9j24f5q9h83402048h453q",
      "signature": "49jq984h97qh3a49j98cq5h38j09jq9853h409jjq09h5q9j4"
    }]
  },
}

The message generating party MUST construct the signed and encrypted message as follows:

  1. Follow the instructions described in the Encrypted Data section to add the required properties to the descriptor and produce a [[spec:rfc7516]] JSON Web Encryption (JWE) object from the associated data.
  2. Follow the instructions described in the Signed Data section to add an attestation property with a General object representation of a [[spec:rfc7515]] JSON Web Signature as its value.

Response Objects

Responses from Interface method invocations are JSON objects that MUST be constructed as follows:

  1. The object MAY have a status property if an error is produced from a general request-related issue, and if present its value MUST be an object composed of the following properties:
    • The status object MUST have a code property, and its value MUST be an integer set to the HTTP Status Code appropriate for the status of the response.
    • The status object MAY have a detail property, and if present its value MUST be a string that describes a terse summary of the status. It is recommended that the implementer set the message text to the standard title of the HTTP Status Code, when a title/message has already been defined for that code.
  2. The object MAY have a replies property, and if present its value MUST be an array containing Message Result Objects{#message-results-objects} for all messages that were included in the initiating request object. The Message Result Objects MUST be put in the index order that matches the index of each result's corresponding request message. Message Result Objects are constructed as follows:
    1. The object MUST have a status property, and its value MUST be an object composed of the following properties:
      • The status object MUST have a code property, and its value MUST be an integer set to the HTTP Status Code appropriate for the status of the response.
      • The status object MAY have a detail property, and if present its value MUST be a string that describes a terse summary of the status. It is recommended that the implementer set the message text to the standard title of the HTTP Status Code, when a title/message has already been defined for that code.
    2. The object MAY have a entries property if the message request was successful. If present, its value MUST be the resulting message entries returned from the invocation of the corresponding message.

Request-Level Status Coding

If any of the scenarios described in this section are encountered during general message processing, the implementation must include a request-level status property, and its value must be an object as defined below.

Target DID not found

If the DID targeted by a request object is not found within the Decentralized Web Node, the implementation MUST produce a request-level status with the code 404, and SHOULD use Target DID not found within the Decentralized Web Node as the status detail value.

Response Example:

::: example Target DID is not found

{
  "status": {
    "code": 404,
    "detail": "Target DID not found within the Decentralized Web Node"
  }
}

:::

General request-level processing errors

If a general request-level error in processing occurs that is not covered by one of the specific status cases above and prevent the implementation from correctly evaluating the request, the implementation MUST produce a request-level status with the code 500, and SHOULD use The request cannot not be processed as the status detail value.

Response Example:

::: example General request processing error

{
  "status": {
    "code": 500,
    "detail": "The request could not be processed correctly"
  }
}

:::

Message-Level Status Coding

If any of the scenarios described in this section are encountered during the processing of an individual message, the implementation must include a message-level status property, and its value must be an object as defined below.

Message succeeded for query/read-type interface that expects results

If a message is processed correctly and a set of result entries is expected, the implementation MUST include a message-level status object with its code property set to 200, and SHOULD use The message was successfully processed as the status detail value.

::: note If no results are found, the status remains 200, and the implementation MUST return an empty entries array. :::

Request Example:

{  // Request Object
  "target": "did:example:123",
  "messages": [  // Message Objects
    {
      "descriptor": {
        "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
        "method": "CollectionsQuery",
        "schema": "https://schema.org/SocialMediaPosting"
      }
    },
    ...
  ]
}

Response Example:

::: example Example response object

{
  "replies": [
    {
      "status": { "code": 200, "detail": "OK" },
      "entries": [...]
    }
  ]
}

:::

Improperly constructed message

If a message is malformed or constructed with invalid properties/values, the implementation MUST include a message-level status object with its code property set to 400, and SHOULD use The message was malformed or improperly constructed as the status detail value.

Request Example:

{  // Request Object
  "target": "did:example:123",
  "messages": [  // Message Objects
    {
      "descriptorization": {
        "methodical": "CollectionsQuery",
        "schemata": "https://schema.org/SocialMediaPosting"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Response Example:

::: example Example response object

{
  "replies": [
    {
      "status": { "code": 400, "detail": "The message was malformed or improperly constructed" }
    }
  ]
}

:::

Message failed authorization requirements

If a message fails to meet authorization requirements during processing, the implementation MUST include a message-level status object with its code property set to 401, and SHOULD use The message failed authorization requirements as the status detail value.

Request Example:

{  // Request Object
  "target": "did:example:123",
  "messages": [  // Message Objects
    { // Message
      "data": {...},
      "descriptor": {
        "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
        "recordId": "b6464162-84af-4aab-aff5-f1f8438dfc1e",
        "dataCid": CID(data),
        "dateCreated": 123456789,
        "method": "CollectionsWrite",
        "schema": "https://schema.org/SocialMediaPosting",
        "dataFormat": "application/json"
      }

      ^  `authorization` PROPERTY MISSING
    }
  ]
}

Response Example:

::: example Example response object

{
  "replies": [
    {
      "status": { "code": 401, "detail": "OK" }
    }
  ]
}

:::

Interface is not implemented

If a message attempts to invoke an interface method that is not the implementation does not support, the implementation MUST include a message-level status object with its code property set to 501, and SHOULD use The interface method is not implemented as the status detail value.

Request Example:

{  // Request Object
  "target": "did:example:123",
  "messages": [  // Message Objects
    { // Message
      "data": {...},
      "descriptor": {
        "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
        "threadId": "b6464162-84af-4aab-aff5-f1f8438dfc1e",
        "dataCid": CID(data),
        "method": "ThreadsCreate",
        "schema": "https://schema.org/LikeAction",
        "dataFormat": "application/json"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Response Example:

::: example Example response object

{
  "replies": [
    {
      "status": {
        "code": 501,
        "detail": "The interface method is not implemented"
      }
    }
  ]
}

:::

Resource consumption limit exceeded

If the DWeb Node instance receiving the request has determined that the rate of resource consumption has exceeded its tolerances and cannot process the request, the instance MUST respond with the following status entry:

Response Example:

::: example Example response object

{
  "replies": [
    {
      "status": {
        "code": 429,
        "detail": "Resource consumption has exceeded tolerances"
      }
    }
  ]
}

:::

Interfaces

Feature Detection

The Decentralized Web Node specification defines well-recognized Decentralized Web Node configurations to maximize interoperability (see Configurations), but implementers may wish to support a custom subset of the Interfaces and features. The Feature Detection interface is the means by which a Decentralized Web Node expresses support for the Interfaces and features it implements.

Data Model

A compliant Decentralized Web Node MUST produce a Feature Detection object defined as follows:

{
  "type": "FeatureDetection",
  "interfaces": { ... }
}
Properties & Values

The following properties and values are defined for the Feature Detection object:

  • The object MUST include an interfaces property, and its value MUST be an object composed as follows:
    • The object MAY contain a collections property. If the property is not present, it indicates the Decentralized Web Node implementation does not support any methods of the interface. If the property is present, its value MUST be an object that MAY include any of the following properties, wherein a boolean true value indicates support for the interface method, while a boolean false value or omission of the property indicates the interface method is not supported:
      • CollectionsQuery
      • CollectionsWrite
      • CollectionsCommit
      • CollectionsDelete
    • The object MAY contain a permissions property. If the property is not present, it indicates the Decentralized Web Node implementation does not support any methods of the interface. If the property is present, its value MUST be an object that MAY include any of the following properties, wherein a boolean true value indicates support for the interface method, while a boolean false value or omission of the property indicates the interface method is not supported:
      • PermissionsRequest
      • PermissionsGrant
      • PermissionsRevoke
  • The object MAY contain a messaging property, and its value MAY be an object composed of the following:
    • The object MAY contain a batching property, and if present its value MUST be a boolean indicating whether the Decentralized Web Node handles multiple messages in a single request. The absence of this property shall indicate that the Decentralized Web Node does support multiple messages in a single request, thus if an implementer does not support multiple messages in a request, they MUST include this property and explicitly set its value to false.

Read

All compliant Decentralized Web Nodes MUST respond with a valid Feature Detection object when receiving the following request object:

{ // Message
  "descriptor": { // Message Descriptor
    "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
    "method": "FeatureDetectionRead"
  }
}

Collections

To maximize decentralized app and service interoperability, the Collections interface of Decentralized Web Nodes provides a mechanism to store data relative to shared schemas. By storing data in accordance with a given schema, which may be well-known in a given vertical or industry, apps and services can leverage the same datasets across one another, enabling a cohesive, cross-platform, cross-device, cross-app experience for users.

Query

CollectionsQuery messages are JSON objects that include general Message Descriptor properties and the following additional properties, which must be composed as follows:

  • The message object MUST contain a descriptor property, and its value MUST be a JSON object composed as follows:
    • The object MUST contain a method property, and its value MUST be the string CollectionsQuery.
    • The object MAY contain a filter property, and if present its value MUST be an object that MAY contain the following properties:
      • The object MAY contain a contextId property, and its value MUST be an [[spec:rfc4122]] UUID Version 4 string.
      • The object MAY contain a schema property, and if present its value Must be a URI string that indicates the schema of the associated data.
      • The object MAY contain a recordId property, and its value MUST be an [[spec:rfc4122]] UUID Version 4 string.
      • The object MAY contain a dataFormat property, and its value MUST be a string that indicates the format of the data in accordance with its MIME type designation. The most common format is JSON, which is indicated by setting the value of the dataFormat property to application/json.
      • The object MAY contain a dateSort field, and if present its value MUST be one of the following strings:
        • createdAscending: return results in order from the earliest dateCreated value to the latest.
        • createdDescending: return results in order from the latest dateCreated value to the earliest.
        • publishedAscending: return results in order from the earliest datePublished value to the latest.
        • publishedDescending: return results in order from the latest datePublished value to the earliest.

Get a single object by its ID reference:

{ // Message
  "descriptor": {
    "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
    "method": "CollectionsQuery",
    "filter": {
      "recordId": "b6464162-84af-4aab-aff5-f1f8438dfc1e"
    }
  }
}

Get a objects of a given schema type:

{ // Message
  "descriptor": {
    "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
    "method": "CollectionsQuery",
    "filter": {
      "schema": "https://schema.org/MusicPlaylist"
    }
  }
}

Get all objects of a given schema type:

{ // Message
  "descriptor": {
    "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
    "method": "CollectionsQuery",
    "dateSort": "createdDescending",
    "filter": {
      "dataFormat": "image/gif"
    }
  }
}

Write

CollectionsWrite messages are JSON objects that include general Message Descriptor properties and the following additional properties, which must be composed as follows:

  • The message object MUST contain a descriptor property, and its value MUST be a JSON object composed as follows:
    • The object MUST contain a method property, and its value MUST be the string CollectionsWrite.
    • The object MUST contain a recordId property, and its value MUST be an [[spec:rfc4122]] UUID Version 4 string.
    • The object MAY contain a contextId property, and its value MUST be an [[spec:rfc4122]] UUID Version 4 string.
    • The object MAY contain a schema property, and if present its value Must be a URI string that indicates the schema of the associated data.
    • The object MAY contain a published property, and if present its value Must be a boolean indicating the record's publication state. A value of true indicates the record has been published for public queries and consumption without requiring authorization. A value of false or the absence of the property indicates the record MUST NOT be served in response to public queries that lack proper authorization.
    • The object MUST contain a dateCreated property, and its value MUST be a Unix epoch timestamp that MUST be set and interpreted as the time the logical entry was created by the DID owner or another permitted party.
    • The object MAY contain a datePublished property, and its value MUST be a Unix epoch timestamp that MUST be set and interpreted as the time the logical entry was published by the DID owner or another permitted party.
{ // Message
  "data": {...},
  "descriptor": { // Message Descriptor
    "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
    "recordId": "b6464162-84af-4aab-aff5-f1f8438dfc1e",
    "dataCid": CID(data),
    "dateCreated": 123456789,
    "published": true,
    "method": "CollectionsWrite",
    "schema": "https://schema.org/SocialMediaPosting",
    "dataFormat": DATA_FORMAT
  }
}
Processing Instructions

When processing a CollectionsWrite message, Decentralized Web Nodes MUST perform the following additional steps:

  1. If the incoming message has a higher dateCreated value than all of the other messages for the logical entry known to the Decentralized Web Node, the message MUST be designated as the latest state of the logical entry and fully replace all previous messages for the entry.
  2. If the incoming message has a lower dateCreated value than the message that represents the current state of the logical entry, the message MUST NOT be applied to the logical entry and its data MAY be discarded.
  3. If the incoming message has a dateCreated value equal to the message that represents the current state of the logical entry, the incoming message's IPFS CID and the IPFS CID of the message that represents the current state must be lexicographically compared and handled as follows:
    • If the incoming message has a higher lexicographic value than the message that represents the current state, perform the actions described in Step 1 of this instruction set.
    • If the incoming message has a lower lexicographic value than the message that represents the current state, perform the actions described in Step 2 of this instruction set.

Commit

{ // Message
  "data": {...},
  "descriptor": { // Message Descriptor
    "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
    "recordId": "b6464162-84af-4aab-aff5-f1f8438dfc1e",
    "dataCid": CID(data),
    "dateCreated": 123456789,
    "method": "CollectionsCommit",
    "schema": "https://schema.org/SocialMediaPosting",
    "strategy": "merge-patch",
    "dataFormat": DATA_FORMAT
  }
}

CollectionsCommit messages are JSON objects that include general Message Descriptor properties and the following additional properties, which must be composed as follows:

  • The message object MUST contain a descriptor property, and its value MUST be a JSON object composed as follows:
    • The object MUST contain a method property, and its value MUST be the string CollectionsCommit.
    • The object MUST contain a recordId property, and its value MUST be an [[spec:rfc4122]] UUID Version 4 string.
    • The object MAY contain a schema property, and if present its value Must be a URI string that indicates the schema of the associated data.
    • The object MUST contain a dateCreated property, and its value MUST be a Unix epoch timestamp that MUST be set and interpreted as the time the logical entry was created by the DID owner or another permitted party.
    • The object MAY contain a datePublished property, and its value MUST be a Unix epoch timestamp that MUST be set and interpreted as the time the logical entry was published by the DID owner or another permitted party.

Delete

{ // Message
  "descriptor": { // Message Descriptor
    "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
    "method": "CollectionsDelete",
    "recordId": "b6464162-84af-4aab-aff5-f1f8438dfc1e"
  }
}

CollectionsDelete messages are JSON objects that include general Message Descriptor properties and the following additional properties, which must be composed as follows:

  • The message object MUST contain a descriptor property, and its value MUST be a JSON object composed as follows:
    • The object MUST contain a method property, and its value MUST be the string CollectionsDelete.
    • The object MUST contain a recordId property, and its value MUST be an [[spec:rfc4122]] UUID Version 4 string of the record to be deleted.

Permissions

The Permissions interface provides a mechanism for external entities to request access to various data and functionality provided by a Decentralized Web Node. Permissions employ a capabilities-based architecture that allows for DID-based authorization and delegation of authorized capabilities to others, if allowed by the owner of a Decentralized Web Node.

Request

PermissionsRequest messages are JSON objects that include general Message Descriptor properties and the following additional properties, which must be composed as follows:

  • The message object MUST contain a descriptor property, and its value MUST be a JSON object composed as follows:
    • The object MUST contain a method property, and its value MUST be the string PermissionsRequest.
    • The object MUST contain a grantedBy property, and its value MUST be the DID URI string of the party that is granting the permission.
    • The object MUST contain a grantedTo property, and its value MUST be the DID URI string of the party that is being granted the permission.
    • The object MAY contain a description property, and its value MUST be a string that the requesting party uses to communicate what the permission is being used for.
    • The object MUST contain a scope property, and its value Must be an object of the following properties:
      • The object MUST contain a method property, and its value MUST be the interface method the requesting party wants to invoke.
      • The object MAY contain a schema property, and its value Must be a URI string that indicates the schema of the associated data.
      • The object MAY contain an identifier property that corresponds with the method specified (i.e. recordId for Collections, threadId for Threads), and its value Must be a UUID 4 string reference to an object. If an identifier property is present the scope object MUST include a schema property.
    • The object MAY contain a conditions property{ id=permission-conditions }, and its value Must be an object of the following properties:
      • The object MAY contain an attestation property, and if present its value Must be a string representing the signing conditions detailed below. If the property is not present it MUST be evaluated as if it were set to the value optional.
        • prohibited - the object MUST NOT be signed.
        • optional - the object MAY be signed using a key linked to the DID of the owner of a Decentralized Web Node or authoring party (whichever is relevant to the application-level use case).
        • required - the object MUST be signed using a key linked to the DID of the owner of a Decentralized Web Node or authoring party (whichever is relevant to the application-level use case).
      • The object MAY contain an encryption property, and if present its value Must be a string representing the encryption conditions detailed below. If the property is not present it MUST be evaluated as if it were set to the value optional.
        • optional - the object MAY be encrypted using the key provided by the owner of a Decentralized Web Node in the [[spec:rfc7516]] JSON Web Encryption (JWE) format.
        • required - the object MUST be encrypted using the key provided by the owner of a Decentralized Web Node in the [[spec:rfc7516]] JSON Web Encryption (JWE) format.
      • The object MAY contain a delegation property, and its value Must be a boolean, wherein true indicates the issuing party is allowing the grantee the ability to delegate the capability. A value of false or omission of the property MUST be evaluated as false, and indicates the grantee MUST NOT be allowed to delegate the capability.
      • The object MAY contain a publication property, and its value Must be a boolean, wherein true indicates the issuing party is allowing the grantee the ability to publish data tied to methods that support the public boolean value in their descriptor field sets. Conforming implementations MUST throw an error and fail to grant a permission if this property is present and the method does not support publication.
      • The object MAY contain a sharedAccess property, and its value Must be a boolean, wherein true indicates the requesting party wants the ability to use the permission against any object or data that aligns with the capability's definition, regardless of which entity created the object or data. A value of false or omission of the property MUST be evaluated as false, and indicates the requesting party only needs the ability to invoke the permission against objects or data it creates.
  • The message object MUST contain an authorization property, which MUST be a JSON object as defined by the Message Authorization section of this specification, with the requirement that the kid and signature MUST match the DID of the requesting party.
{
  "descriptor": {
    "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
    "method": "PermissionsRequest",
    "permissionRequestId": "b6464162-84af-4aab-aff5-f1f8438dfc1e",
    "grantedBy": "did:example:alice",
    "grantedTo": "did:example:bob",
    "description": "Help you create and edit your music playlists",
    "scope": {
      "method": "CollectionsWrite",
      "schema": "https://schema.org/MusicPlaylist"
    },
    "conditions": {
      "delegation": true,
      "publication": true,
      "sharedAccess": true,
      "encryption": "optional",
      "attestation": "prohibited"
    }
  },
  "authorization": {
    "payload": "89f5hw458fhw958fq094j9jdq0943j58jfq09j49j40f5qj30jf",
    "signatures": [{
      "protected": "4d093qj5h3f9j204fq8h5398hf9j24f5q9h83402048h453q",
      "signature": "49jq984h97qh3a49j98cq5h38j09jq9853h409jjq09h5q9j4"
    }]
  }
}

Grant

PermissionsGrant messages are JSON objects containing capabilities granted to parties that curtail the scope of permitted activities an invoker can perform. They are generated either in response to a PermissionsRequest message or optimistically by a user agent without an initiating PermissionsRequest. PermissionsGrant messages include general Message Descriptor properties and the following additional properties:

  • The message object MUST contain a descriptor property, and its value MUST be a JSON object composed as follows:
    • The object MUST contain a method property, and its value MUST be the string PermissionsGrant.
    • The object MUST contain a permissionGrantId property, and its value MUST be an [[spec:rfc4122]] UUID Version 4 string representing the reply object.
    • If the granted permission is in response to a PermissionRequest, the object MUST contain a permissionRequestId property, and its value MUST be the [[spec:rfc4122]] UUID Version 4 string of the PermissionRequest object the permission is being granted in relation to.
    • The object MUST contain a grantedBy property, and its value MUST be the DID URI string of the party that is granting the permission.
    • The object MUST contain a grantedTo property, and its value MUST be the DID URI string of the party that is being granted the permission.
    • If the PermissionsGrant is a delegated permission, the object MUST contain a delegatedFrom property, and its value MUST be an [[spec:rfc4122]] UUID Version 4 string matching the permissionGrantId of the PermissionsGrant it was delegated from.
    • The object MUST contain a expiry property, and its value MUST be a Unix epoch timestamp that can be used to trigger revocation activities.
    • The object MUST contain a scope property, and its value Must be an object of the following properties:
      • The object MUST contain a method property, and its value MUST be the interface method the requesting party wants to invoke.
      • The object MAY contain a schema property, and its value Must be a URI string that indicates the schema of the associated data.
      • The object MAY contain an identifier property that corresponds with the method specified (i.e. recordId for Collections, threadId for Threads), and its value Must be a UUID 4 string reference to an object. If an identifier property is present the scope object MUST include a schema property.
    • The object MAY contain a conditions property{ id=permission-conditions }, and its value Must be an object of the following properties:
      • The object MAY contain an attestation property, and if present its value Must be a string representing the signing conditions detailed below. If the property is not present it MUST be evaluated as if it were set to the value optional.
        • prohibited - the object MUST NOT be signed.
        • optional - the object MAY be signed using a key linked to the DID of the owner of a Decentralized Web Node or authoring party (whichever is relevant to the application-level use case).
        • required - the object MUST be signed using a key linked to the DID of the owner of a Decentralized Web Node or authoring party (whichever is relevant to the application-level use case).
      • The object MAY contain an encryption property, and if present its value Must be a string representing the encryption conditions detailed below. If the property is not present it MUST be evaluated as if it were set to the value optional.
        • optional - the object MAY be encrypted using the key provided by the owner of a Decentralized Web Node in the [[spec:rfc7516]] JSON Web Encryption (JWE) format.
        • required - the object MUST be encrypted using the key provided by the owner of a Decentralized Web Node in the [[spec:rfc7516]] JSON Web Encryption (JWE) format.
      • The object MAY contain a delegation property, and its value Must be a boolean, wherein true indicates the issuing party is allowing the grantee the ability to delegate the capability. A value of false or omission of the property MUST be evaluated as false, and indicates the grantee MUST NOT be allowed to delegate the capability.
      • The object MAY contain a publication property, and its value Must be a boolean, wherein true indicates the issuing party is allowing the grantee the ability to publish data tied to methods that support the public boolean value in their descriptor field sets. Conforming implementations MUST throw an error and fail to grant a permission if this property is present and the method does not support publication.
      • The object MAY contain a sharedAccess property, and its value Must be a boolean, wherein true indicates the requesting party wants the ability to use the permission against any object or data that aligns with the capability's definition, regardless of which entity created the object or data. A value of false or omission of the property MUST be evaluated as false, and indicates the requesting party only needs the ability to invoke the permission against objects or data it creates.
  • The message object MUST contain an authorization property, which MUST be a JSON object as defined by the Message Authorization section of this specification, with the requirement that the kid and signature MUST match the DID of the requesting party.
  • The message MUST contain a data payload, which is a JSON Web Token representation of the granted permission, as defined in the Capability Objects section below.
  • The message MUST contain an encryptionKey property if the data transacted using the permission grant is to be encrypted, per the directives for encryption under the encryption field of the permission's conditions. If present, the value of the encryptionKey property MUST be a [[spec:rfc7516]] JSON Web Encryption (JWE) object that contains the encrypted key material required for an authorized party to decrypt the JWE represented by the dataCid value within the descriptor object.
{
  "descriptor": {
    "method": "PermissionsGrant",
    "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
    "permissionGrantId": "f45wve-5b56v5w-5657b4e-56gqf35v",
    "permissionRequestId": "b6464162-84af-4aab-aff5-f1f8438dfc1e",
    "grantedBy": "did:example:bob",
    "grantedTo": "did:example:carol",
    "expiry": 1575606941,
    "delegatedFrom": PARENT_PERMISSION_GRANT,
    "scope": {
      "method": "CollectionsWrite",
      "schema": "https://schema.org/MusicPlaylist",
      "recordId": "f45wve-5b56v5w-5657b4e-56gqf35v"
    },
    "conditions": {
      "delegation": true,
      "publication": true,
      "sharedAccess": true,
      "encryption": "optional",
      "attestation": "prohibited"
    }
  },
  "authorization": {
    "payload": "89f5hw458fhw958fq094j9jdq0943j58jfq09j49j40f5qj30jf",
    "signatures": [{
      "protected": "4d093qj5h3f9j204fq8h5398hf9j24f5q9h83402048h453q",
      "signature": "49jq984h97qh3a49j98cq5h38j09jq9853h409jjq09h5q9j4"
    }]
  },
  "encryptionKey": { 
    "protected": ...,
    "recipients": ...,
    "ciphertext": ...,
    "iv": ...,
    "tag": ... 
  }
}
Granted Encryption Keys

The encryptionKey attribute of a PermissionsGrant is a [[spec:rfc7516]] JSON Web Encryption (JWE) object that is composed as follows:

  1. The kid field of the JWE header MUST be a DID URL that identifies the public key type designated for encryption in the DID Document of the PermissionGrant recipient.
  2. The ciphertext field MUST be encrypted with the X25519 public key designated for encryption in the DID Document of the PermissionGrant recipient.
  3. The data encrypted in the object's ciphertext field MUST be the JSON Web Key (JWK) object representation of a AES-256 symmetric encryption key generated by the owner of the DWeb Node that will be used to encrypt the data transacted in relation to the associated PermissionGrant.
Grantor PermissionsGrant Storage

After generating a PermissionsGrant the user agent (e.g. wallet app with access to authoritative keys for a given DID) MUST commit the granted permission object to the Decentralized Web Node of the DID the grant was issued from. This will ensure that the permission is present when addressed in subsequent interface method invocations.

Grantee PermissionsGrant Delivery

Once a user agent (e.g. wallet app with access to authoritative keys for a given DID) generates a PermissionsGrant for an entity to permit access to data and functionality, it is the responsibility of the user agent that generated the PermissionsGrant to deliver it to the entity that is the subject. To do this, the user agent MUST generate a Request that includes the PermissionsGrant and send it to the Decentralized Web Node of the subject it has been granted to, in accordance with the Resolution and Request Construction sections of this specification.

Revoke

Revocation of a permission is the act of closing off any additional or invalid invocations of that permission. The Revoke interface method enables revocation of a permission via direct reference to the permission's nonce.

{ // Message
  "descriptor": { // Message Descriptor
    "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
    "method": "PermissionsRevoke",
    "permissionRevokeId": "sdfa4162-84af-4aab-aff5-f1f8438dfc1e",
    "permissionGrantId": "b6464162-84af-4aab-aff5-f1f8438dfc1e"
  }
}

Query

The PermissionQuery method exists to facilitate lookup of any retained Permissions objects that exist in a given DID's DWeb Node instance.

{ // Message
  "descriptor": { // Message Descriptor
    "nonce": "9b9c7f1fcabfc471ee2682890b58a427ba2c8db59ddf3c2d5ad16ccc84bb3106",
    "method": "PermissionsQuery",
    "grantedTo": "did:example:bob"
  }
}
  • The message object MUST contain a descriptor property, and its value MUST be a JSON object composed as follows:
    • The object MUST contain a method property, and its value MUST be the string PermissionsQuery.
    • The object MAY contain any of the following properties from the descriptors of PermissionsRequest, PermissionsGrant, and PermissionsRevoke objects:
      • permissionRequestId
      • permissionGrantId
      • permissionRevokeId
      • grantedBy
      • grantedTo
      • delegatedFrom
      • all properties of scope objects

Sync

The Sync interface and its methods allow different Decentralized Web Nodes to communicate and sync on the state of the data they contain, including replication of messages and files.

Commit Strategies

Collections interface records may operate under the data modification algorithms detailed below. A record may only operate under one commit strategy at a time, as indicated via the value set on the strategy property of the current CollectionsWrite root.

Last-Write Wins

Last-Write Wins is the most basic Commit Strategy that allows for the traditional experience of posting an update to a file that fully replaces the data. This strategy is the default and need not be declared. All Writes and Commits replace all of the preceding record entries.

JSON Patch

To declare a record is operating under the JSON Merge Patch commit strategy, the strategy property of the current root CollectionsWrite MUST be set to the value json-patch.

JSON Patch is an IETF standard [spec:rfc6902] for modifying the content of JSON documents based on a JSON-encoded delta-based operation syntax that, when applied to the target JSON document in accordance with the standard's rules, may add, remove, or modify the target document. To read more about the syntax of patches, consult IETF JSON Patch [spec:rfc6902].

JSON Merge Patch

To declare that a record is operating under the JSON Merge Patch commit strategy, the strategy property of the current root CollectionsWrite MUST be set to the value json-merge-patch.

JSON Merge Patch is an IETF standard [spec:rfc7386] for modifying the content of JSON documents based on partial deltas of a target JSON document that add, remove, and modify the target document when applied according to the standard processing rules. To read more about the syntax of patches, consult IETF JSON Merge Patch [spec:rfc7386].

Configurations

While it is strongly encouraged to implement the full set of Decentralized Web Node features and Interfaces, not all devices and providers may be capable of doing so. To allow for maximum reach and proliferation in the ecosystem, the following are well-recognized configurations of Decentralized Web Node feature sets that tend to serve different purposes.

Open Data Publication

This Decentralized Web Node configuration is ideal for implementers who seek to expose intentionally public data via the Decentralized Web Node semantic data discovery Interfaces. This implementation is lightweight does not require the implementer to support any of the authentication, permissioning, or ingest mechanisms that other features and Interfaces do.

{
  "type": "FeatureDetection",
  "interfaces": {
    "collections": {
      "CollectionsQuery": true
    }
  }
}

Supported Encryption Schemes

A conforming implementation MUST be capable of encrypting and decrypting data stored in Decentralized Web Nodes using the following combinations of cryptographic schemes. Each scheme is a pair, wherein the symmetric keys are used to encrypt the data being protected, then subsequently shared with permitted recipients via encryption of the symmetric keys using the asymmetric key of each recipient.

Asymmetric Key Symmetric Key
X25519 AES-GCM
X25519 XChaCha20-Poly1305

Normative References

[[spec]]