diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/c.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/c.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index de0d90a..0000000
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/c.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.clangd").config(bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/go.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/go.lua
index 7c827c5..8a1e83f 100644
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/go.lua
+++ b/config/native/after/ftplugin/go.lua
@@ -1,11 +1 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
 vim.o.expandtab = false
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.gopls").config(bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
-lsp.start(
-    require("pde.lsp.configs.efm").config_from_single("golangci_lint", bufnr),
-    { bufnr = bufnr }
-)
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/gomod.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/gomod.lua
index 0ba6680..8a1e83f 100644
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/gomod.lua
+++ b/config/native/after/ftplugin/gomod.lua
@@ -1,6 +1 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
 vim.o.expandtab = false
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.gopls").config(bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/gotmpl.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/gotmpl.lua
index 0ba6680..8a1e83f 100644
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/gotmpl.lua
+++ b/config/native/after/ftplugin/gotmpl.lua
@@ -1,6 +1 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
 vim.o.expandtab = false
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.gopls").config(bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/gowork.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/gowork.lua
index 0ba6680..8a1e83f 100644
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/gowork.lua
+++ b/config/native/after/ftplugin/gowork.lua
@@ -1,6 +1 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
 vim.o.expandtab = false
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.gopls").config(bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/json.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/json.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 39ed98c..0000000
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/json.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-
-lsp.start(
-    require("pde.lsp.configs.efm").config_from_multi("efmson", { "prettier", "jq" }, bufnr),
-    { bufnr = bufnr }
-)
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.jsonls").config(bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/lua.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/lua.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index c983a8a..0000000
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/lua.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.efm").config_from_single("stylua", bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.lua_ls").config(bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/markdown.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/markdown.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 460929c..0000000
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/markdown.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.efm").config_from_single("prettier", bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.ltex_ls").config(bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/nix.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/nix.lua
index 54103c5..aed0337 100644
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/nix.lua
+++ b/config/native/after/ftplugin/nix.lua
@@ -1,6 +1 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
 vim.o.shiftwidth = 2
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.nixd").config(bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/python.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/python.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index cd6c96a..0000000
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/python.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-
-lsp.start(
-    require("pde.lsp.configs.efm").config_from_multi("pyefm", { "black", "isort" }, bufnr),
-    { bufnr = bufnr }
-)
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.pyright").config(bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/rust.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/rust.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 60ced09..0000000
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/rust.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.rust_analyzer").config(bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/sh.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/sh.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index b9d267c..0000000
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/sh.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-
-lsp.start(
-    require("pde.lsp.configs.efm").config_from_multi("sh", { "shfmt", "shellcheck" }, bufnr),
-    { bufnr = bufnr }
-)
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/terraform-vars.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/terraform-vars.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index ef40547..0000000
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/terraform-vars.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.terraformls").config(bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/terraform.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/terraform.lua
index ce93bf8..a799905 100644
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/terraform.lua
+++ b/config/native/after/ftplugin/terraform.lua
@@ -1,8 +1,2 @@
 -- default is empty
 vim.o.commentstring = "// %s"
-
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.terraformls").config(bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/toml.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/toml.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index ffad066..0000000
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/toml.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.efm").config_from_single("taplo", bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/yaml.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/yaml.lua
index b4e37bd..aed0337 100644
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/yaml.lua
+++ b/config/native/after/ftplugin/yaml.lua
@@ -1,8 +1 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
 vim.o.shiftwidth = 2
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.efm").config_from_single("prettier", bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.yamlls").config(bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/zig.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/zig.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b6d296..0000000
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/zig.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.zls").config(bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
diff --git a/config/native/after/ftplugin/zir.lua b/config/native/after/ftplugin/zir.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b6d296..0000000
--- a/config/native/after/ftplugin/zir.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-
-lsp.start(require("pde.lsp.configs.zls").config(bufnr), { bufnr = bufnr })
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/clangd.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/clangd.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14c8814
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/clangd.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
+
+vim.lsp.config("clangd", {
+    cmd = { binaries.clangd() },
+    root_markers = {
+        ".clangd",
+        ".clang-tidy",
+        ".clang-format",
+        "compile_commands.json",
+        "compile_flags.txt",
+        "configure.ac",
+    },
+    filetypes = { "c", "cpp" },
+})
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/efmson.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/efmson.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c44e3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/efmson.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+local config = require("pde.lsp.configs.efm").config_from_multi("efmson", { "prettier", "jq" })
+config.filetypes = { "json", "jsonc" }
+vim.lsp.config("efmson", config)
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/golangci_lint.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/golangci_lint.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..249d697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/golangci_lint.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+local config = require("pde.lsp.configs.efm").config_from_single("golangci_lint")
+config.filetypes = { "go" }
+vim.lsp.config("golangci_lint", config)
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/gopls.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/gopls.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..592fde8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/gopls.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+-- https://github.com/golang/tools/tree/master/gopls
+local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
+
+vim.lsp.config("gopls", {
+    cmd = { binaries.gopls() },
+    -- https://github.com/golang/tools/blob/master/gopls/doc/settings.md
+    settings = {
+        gopls = {
+            allExperiments = true,
+        },
+    },
+    root_markers = { "go.work", "go.mod" },
+    filetypes = { "go", "gomod", "gotmpl", "gowork" },
+})
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/jsonls.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/jsonls.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59197bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/jsonls.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+-- https://github.com/hrsh7th/vscode-langservers-extracted
+
+local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
+local schemastore = require("schemastore")
+
+vim.lsp.config("jsonls", {
+    cmd = { binaries.jsonls(), "--stdio" },
+    init_options = {
+        provideFormatter = false, -- use prettier instead
+    },
+    settings = {
+        json = {
+            format = false,
+            validate = true,
+            schemas = schemastore.json.schemas(),
+        },
+    },
+    filetypes = { "json", "jsonc" },
+})
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/ltex.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/ltex.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5020622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/ltex.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+-- https://github.com/valentjn/ltex-ls
+
+local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
+local paths = require("pde.paths")
+
+local dictionary = {}
+local disabledRules = {}
+local hiddenFalsePositives = {}
+
+local name = "ltex"
+local current_language = "en-US"
+
+---@param path string
+---@param lines string[]
+local function append_to_file(path, lines)
+    local file = io.open(path, "a")
+    if file then
+        for _, line in ipairs(lines) do
+            file:write(line .. "\n")
+        end
+        file:close()
+    end
+end
+
+---@param command lsp.Command
+---@return boolean
+local function validate_command(command)
+    if #command.arguments ~= 1 then
+        vim.notify("unexpected arguments: " .. vim.inspect(command.arguments), vim.log.levels.ERROR)
+        return false
+    end
+
+    return true
+end
+
+---@param path string file to read
+---@param target string[] target to append the lines to
+local function read_lines_into(path, target)
+    local file = io.open(path, "r")
+    if file then
+        for line in file:lines() do
+            table.insert(target, line)
+        end
+
+        file:close()
+    end
+end
+
+---@param command table
+---@param key string
+---@param tbl table<string,string[]>
+---@return table<string,string[]>
+local function handle_action(command, key, tbl)
+    if not validate_command(command) then return {} end
+
+    local entries = command.arguments[1][key]
+    for lang, entry in pairs(entries) do
+        if not tbl[lang] then tbl[lang] = {} end
+        vim.list_extend(tbl[lang], entry)
+    end
+    return entries
+end
+
+local update_client_with = function(changed_settings)
+    local client = vim.lsp.get_clients({ name = name })[1]
+    if not client then return end
+    client:notify("workspace/didChangeConfiguration", { settings = changed_settings })
+end
+
+local function get_dictionary_file(language) return paths.get_spellfile(vim.split(language, "-")[1]) end
+
+local function get_false_positives_file(language)
+    return paths.get_spellfile(nil) .. "/ltex_false-positives_" .. language .. ".txt"
+end
+
+local function get_disabled_rules_file(language)
+    return paths.get_spellfile(nil) .. "/ltex_disabled-rules_" .. language .. ".txt"
+end
+
+vim.lsp.config(name, {
+    cmd = { binaries.ltex_ls() },
+    filetypes = { "markdown" },
+    before_init = function()
+        if not dictionary[current_language] then
+            dictionary[current_language] = {}
+            read_lines_into(get_dictionary_file(current_language), dictionary[current_language])
+        end
+
+        if not hiddenFalsePositives[current_language] then
+            hiddenFalsePositives[current_language] = {}
+            read_lines_into(
+                get_false_positives_file(current_language),
+                hiddenFalsePositives[current_language]
+            )
+        end
+
+        if not disabledRules[current_language] then
+            disabledRules[current_language] = {}
+            read_lines_into(
+                get_disabled_rules_file(current_language),
+                disabledRules[current_language]
+            )
+        end
+    end,
+    settings = {
+        ltex = {
+            enabled = { "html", "markdown" },
+            language = current_language,
+            checkFrequency = "save",
+            dictionary = dictionary,
+            disabledRules = disabledRules,
+            hiddenFalsePositives = hiddenFalsePositives,
+        },
+    },
+    on_attach = function(_, buf)
+        vim.api.nvim_buf_call(buf, function() vim.o.spell = false end)
+        -- TODO: buf_command for changing the language
+    end,
+    commands = {
+        ["_ltex.addToDictionary"] = function(command)
+            local new = handle_action(command, "words", dictionary)
+            update_client_with({ ltex = { dictionary = dictionary } })
+            for lang, entries in pairs(new) do
+                local path = get_dictionary_file(lang)
+                append_to_file(path, entries)
+            end
+            vim.cmd("MkSpell")
+        end,
+        ["_ltex.hideFalsePositives"] = function(command)
+            local new = handle_action(command, "falsePositives", hiddenFalsePositives)
+            update_client_with({ ltex = { hiddenFalsePositives = hiddenFalsePositives } })
+            for lang, entries in pairs(new) do
+                local path = get_false_positives_file(lang)
+                append_to_file(path, entries)
+            end
+        end,
+        ["_ltex.disableRules"] = function(command)
+            local new = handle_action(command, "ruleIds", disabledRules)
+            update_client_with({ ltex = { disabledRules = disabledRules } })
+            for lang, entries in pairs(new) do
+                local path = get_disabled_rules_file(lang)
+                append_to_file(path, entries)
+            end
+        end,
+    },
+})
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/lua_ls.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/lua_ls.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d14f1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/lua_ls.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+-- https://github.com/LuaLS/lua-language-server
+local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
+
+vim.lsp.config("lua_ls", {
+    cmd = { binaries.lua_ls() },
+    filetypes = { "lua" },
+    on_init = function(client)
+        -- use stylua via efm, this formatter is not great and it clears diagnostic text on save
+        client.server_capabilities.documentFormattingProvider = nil
+        client.server_capabilities.documentRangeFormattingProvider = nil
+    end,
+    settings = {
+        Lua = {
+            addonManager = { enable = false },
+            -- use stylua via efm, this formatter is not great and it clears diagnostic text on save
+            format = { enable = false },
+            hint = { enable = true },
+            runtime = { version = "LuaJIT" },
+            telemetry = { enable = false },
+            workspace = {
+                checkThirdParty = false,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    root_markers = { ".luarc.json" },
+})
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/nixd.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/nixd.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fad2576
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/nixd.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-- https://github.com/nix-community/nixd
+
+local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
+
+vim.lsp.config("nixd", {
+    cmd = { binaries.nixd() },
+    filetypes = { "nix" },
+    settings = {
+        nixd = {
+            formatting = {
+                command = { binaries.nixfmt() },
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    root_markers = { "flake.nix" },
+})
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/prettier.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/prettier.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..086fd10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/prettier.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+local config = require("pde.lsp.configs.efm").config_from_single("prettier")
+config.filetypes = { "markdown", "yaml" }
+vim.lsp.config("prettier", config)
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/pyright.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/pyright.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..332b10e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/pyright.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+-- https://github.com/microsoft/pyright
+
+local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
+
+vim.lsp.config("pyright", {
+    cmd = { binaries.pyright(), "--stdio" },
+    filetypes = { "python" },
+    settings = {
+        python = {
+            analysis = {
+                autoSearchPaths = true,
+                useLibraryCodeForTypes = true,
+                diagnosticMode = "openFilesOnly",
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    root_markers = {
+        "pyproject.toml",
+        "setup.py",
+        "setup.cfg",
+        "requirements.txt",
+        "Pipfile",
+        "pyrightconfig.json",
+    },
+})
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/rust_analyzer.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/rust_analyzer.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff939fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/rust_analyzer.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
+local runner = require("pde.runner")
+local name = "rust_analyzer"
+
+local function reload_workspace(bufnr)
+    local clients = vim.lsp.get_clients({ name = name, bufnr = bufnr })
+    for _, client in ipairs(clients) do
+        vim.notify("Reloading Cargo Workspace")
+        client:request("rust-analyzer/reloadWorkspace", nil, function(err)
+            if err then error(tostring(err)) end
+            vim.notify("Cargo workspace reloaded")
+        end, 0)
+    end
+end
+
+---@param command lsp.Command
+---@return boolean
+local function validate_command(command)
+    if #command.arguments ~= 1 then
+        vim.notify("unexpected arguments: " .. vim.inspect(command.arguments), vim.log.levels.ERROR)
+        return false
+    end
+
+    ---@type table
+    ---@diagnostic disable-next-line: assign-type-mismatch
+    local task = command.arguments[1]
+    if not task or task.kind ~= "cargo" then
+        vim.notify("unexpected kind: " .. vim.inspect(task), vim.log.levels.ERROR)
+        return false
+    end
+
+    return true
+end
+
+---@param command lsp.Command
+local function runSingle(command)
+    if not validate_command(command) then return end
+
+    ---@type table
+    ---@diagnostic disable-next-line: assign-type-mismatch
+    local task = command.arguments[1]
+    if not task then
+        vim.notify("no command arguments", vim.log.levels.ERROR)
+        return
+    end
+    local cmd = {
+        task.kind,
+        task.args.cargoArgs,
+        task.args.cargoExtraArgs,
+    }
+    if not vim.tbl_isempty(task.args.executableArgs) then
+        table.insert(cmd, { "--" })
+        table.insert(cmd, task.args.executableArgs)
+    end
+
+    local cwd = task.args.workspaceRoot
+
+    runner.run(vim.iter(cmd):flatten():totable(), { cwd = cwd })
+end
+
+vim.lsp.config(name, {
+    cmd = { binaries.rust_analyzer() },
+    filetypes = { "rust" },
+    capabilities = {
+        experimental = {
+            serverStatusNotification = true,
+        },
+    },
+    settings = {
+        ["rust-analyzer"] = {
+            rustfmt = {
+                overrideCommand = {
+                    binaries.rustfmt(),
+                    "--edition",
+                    "2021",
+                    "--",
+                },
+            },
+            files = {
+                excludeDirs = {
+                    "./.direnv/",
+                    "./.git/",
+                    "./.github/",
+                    "./.gitlab/",
+                    "./node_modules/",
+                    "./ci/",
+                    "./docs/",
+                },
+            },
+            checkOnSave = {
+                enable = true,
+            },
+            diagnostics = {
+                enable = true,
+                experimental = {
+                    enable = true,
+                },
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    commands = {
+        ["rust-analyzer.runSingle"] = runSingle,
+    },
+    root_markers = { "Cargo.toml", "rust-project.json" },
+    on_attach = function(_, buf)
+        vim.api.nvim_buf_create_user_command(
+            buf,
+            "CargoReload",
+            function() reload_workspace(buf) end,
+            { desc = "[" .. name .. "] Reload current cargo workspace" }
+        )
+
+        vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("LspDetach", {
+            group = vim.api.nvim_create_augroup(
+                "personal-lsp-" .. name .. "-buf-" .. buf,
+                { clear = true }
+            ),
+            buffer = buf,
+            callback = function() vim.api.nvim_buf_del_user_command(buf, "CargoReload") end,
+        })
+    end,
+})
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/sh.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/sh.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cc1fa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/sh.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+local config = require("pde.lsp.configs.efm").config_from_multi("sh", { "shfmt", "shellcheck" })
+config.filetypes = { "sh" }
+vim.lsp.config("sh", config)
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/stylua.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/stylua.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b23226f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/stylua.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+local config = require("pde.lsp.configs.efm").config_from_single("stylua")
+config.filetypes = { "lua" }
+vim.lsp.config("stylua", config)
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/taplo.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/taplo.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6e6997
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/taplo.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+local config = require("pde.lsp.configs.efm").config_from_single("taplo")
+config.filetypes = { "toml" }
+vim.lsp.config("taplo", config)
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/terraform-ls.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/terraform-ls.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0f2c53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/terraform-ls.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+-- https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform-ls
+local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
+vim.lsp.config("terraform-ls", {
+    cmd = { binaries.terraformls(), "serve" },
+    filetypes = { "terraform", "terraform-vars" },
+    root_markers = { ".terraform" },
+})
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/yamlls.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/yamlls.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e89af25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/yamlls.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+-- https://github.com/redhat-developer/yaml-language-server
+local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
+local schemastore = require("schemastore")
+
+vim.lsp.config("yamlls", {
+    cmd = { binaries.yamlls(), "--stdio" },
+    filetypes = { "yaml" },
+    settings = {
+        redhat = {
+            telemetry = {
+                enabled = false,
+            },
+        },
+        yaml = {
+            format = {
+                enable = false, -- use prettier instead
+            },
+            completion = true,
+            hover = true,
+            validate = true,
+            schemas = vim.tbl_extend("error", schemastore.yaml.schemas(), {
+                ["kubernetes"] = { "k8s/**/*.yml", "k8s/**/*.yaml" },
+                -- or use:
+                -- # yaml-language-server: $schema=<urlToTheSchema>
+            }),
+            schemaStore = {
+                -- we use above
+                enable = false,
+                -- https://github.com/dmitmel/dotfiles/blob/master/nvim/dotfiles/lspconfigs/yaml.lua
+                -- yamlls won't work if we disable schemaStore but don't specify url ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
+                url = "",
+            },
+        },
+    },
+})
diff --git a/config/native/after/lsp/zls.lua b/config/native/after/lsp/zls.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf852db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/native/after/lsp/zls.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-- https://github.com/zigtools/zls
+local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
+
+vim.lsp.config("zls", {
+    cmd = { binaries.zls() },
+    filetypes = { "zig", "zir" },
+    root_markers = { "zls.json" },
+})
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/dap/init.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/dap/init.lua
index ed44ff1..7018854 100644
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/dap/init.lua
+++ b/config/native/lua/pde/dap/init.lua
@@ -1,11 +1,3 @@
-local initialize_once = function()
-    vim.cmd.packadd("nvim-dap")
-    -- nio is a dependency of nvim-dap-ui
-    vim.cmd.packadd("nvim-nio")
-    vim.cmd.packadd("nvim-dap-ui")
-    vim.cmd.packadd("nvim-dap-virtual-text")
-end
-
 local function load_configs()
     require("pde.dap.configs.cs")
     require("pde.dap.configs.go")
@@ -15,8 +7,6 @@ end
 local M = {}
 
 function M.setup()
-    initialize_once()
-
     require("nvim-dap-virtual-text").setup({
         enabled = true,
         enabled_commands = true,
@@ -41,10 +31,18 @@ function M.setup()
     map("<leader>db", dap.toggle_breakpoint, "toggle breakpoint")
     map("<leader>d?", dapui.eval, "evaluate under cursor")
 
-    dap.listeners.before.attach.dapui_config = function() dapui.open() end
-    dap.listeners.before.launch.dapui_config = function() dapui.open() end
-    dap.listeners.before.event_terminated.dapui_config = function() dapui.close() end
-    dap.listeners.before.event_exited.dapui_config = function() dapui.close() end
+    dap.listeners.before.attach.dapui_config = function()
+        dapui.open()
+    end
+    dap.listeners.before.launch.dapui_config = function()
+        dapui.open()
+    end
+    dap.listeners.before.event_terminated.dapui_config = function()
+        dapui.close()
+    end
+    dap.listeners.before.event_exited.dapui_config = function()
+        dapui.close()
+    end
 
     load_configs()
 end
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/fs.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/fs.lua
index 180bb99..e629449 100644
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/fs.lua
+++ b/config/native/lua/pde/fs.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 local M = {}
 
+---checks if buffer is a real readable file
+---@param bufnr integer buffer to check. 0 for current
+---@return boolean true if the buffer represents a real, readable file
+M.is_buf_readable_file = function(bufnr)
+    local bufname = vim.api.nvim_buf_get_name(bufnr)
+    return vim.fn.filereadable(bufname) == 1
+end
+
 ---Get PATH executable, returns nil if not found
 ---@param binary string
 ---@return string | nil
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/capabilities.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/capabilities.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f26b7a..0000000
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/capabilities.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-local M = {}
-
----@param config vim.lsp.ClientConfig
----@return vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-M.merge_capabilities = function(config)
-    local nvim = vim.lsp.protocol.make_client_capabilities()
-
-    local default = {
-        capabilities = nvim,
-    }
-
-    return vim.tbl_deep_extend("force", default, config)
-end
-
-return M
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/commands.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/commands.lua
index ac96d53..6a0ea3a 100644
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/commands.lua
+++ b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/commands.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-local lsp = require("pde.lsp")
-
 ---@param args string
 ---@return number?
 local function parse_int_arg(args)
@@ -30,7 +28,7 @@ local function restart_servers(filter)
                 local attached_buffers = tuple[2]
                 if client:is_stopped() then
                     for _, buf in ipairs(attached_buffers) do
-                        lsp.start(client.config, { bufnr = buf })
+                        vim.lsp.start(client.config, { bufnr = buf })
                     end
                     detach_clients[old_client_id] = nil
                 end
@@ -151,10 +149,3 @@ vim.api.nvim_create_user_command(
         desc = "Opens the Nvim LSP client log.",
     }
 )
-
-vim.api.nvim_create_user_command("LspAutostartToggle", function()
-    lsp.toggle_autostart()
-    print("Setting lsp autostart to: " .. tostring(lsp.is_autostart_enabled()))
-end, {
-    desc = "Disables autostart of all LSPs",
-})
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/clangd.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/clangd.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 0a99188..0000000
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/clangd.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
-
-return {
-    ---@param bufnr integer
-    ---@return vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-    config = function(bufnr)
-        ---@type vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-        return {
-            name = "clangd",
-            cmd = { binaries.clangd() },
-            root_dir = vim.fs.root(bufnr, {
-                ".clangd",
-                ".clang-tidy",
-                ".clang-format",
-                "compile_commands.json",
-                "compile_flags.txt",
-                "configure.ac",
-                ".git",
-            }),
-        }
-    end,
-}
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/efm/init.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/efm/init.lua
index 0478de9..243d5a7 100644
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/efm/init.lua
+++ b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/efm/init.lua
@@ -49,9 +49,8 @@ end
 ---Build an LspConfig table from the specified EFM plugins
 ---@param name string unique name of this efm instance
 ---@param plugins string[] names of plugins to add, ex. 'prettier'
----@param bufnr integer?
----@return vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-local function build(name, plugins, bufnr)
+---@return vim.lsp.Config
+local function build(name, plugins)
     ---@type table<string, EfmEntry[]>
     local languages = {}
     local allRootMarkers = { [".git/"] = true }
@@ -81,7 +80,6 @@ local function build(name, plugins, bufnr)
 
     local rootMarkers = vim.tbl_keys(allRootMarkers)
 
-    bufnr = bufnr or 0
     return {
         name = name,
         cmd = { binaries.efm() },
@@ -97,21 +95,18 @@ local function build(name, plugins, bufnr)
             rootMarkers = rootMarkers,
             languages = languages,
         },
-        root_dir = vim.fs.root(bufnr, { ".git" }),
     }
 end
 
 return {
     ---Build an LspConfig table from the specified EFM plugin
     ---@param plugin string unique name of this efm instance
-    ---@param bufnr integer?
-    ---@return vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-    config_from_single = function(plugin, bufnr) return build(plugin, { plugin }, bufnr) end,
+    ---@return vim.lsp.Config
+    config_from_single = function(plugin) return build(plugin, { plugin }) end,
 
     ---Build an LspConfig table from the specified EFM plugins
     ---@param name string unique name of this efm instance
     ---@param plugins string[] names of plugins to add, ex. 'prettier'
-    ---@param bufnr integer?
-    ---@return vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-    config_from_multi = function(name, plugins, bufnr) return build(name, plugins, bufnr) end,
+    ---@return vim.lsp.Config
+    config_from_multi = function(name, plugins) return build(name, plugins) end,
 }
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/gopls.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/gopls.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ae3251..0000000
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/gopls.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
--- https://github.com/golang/tools/tree/master/gopls
-local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
-
-return {
-    ---@param bufnr integer
-    ---@return vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-    config = function(bufnr)
-        ---@type vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-        return {
-            name = "gopls",
-            cmd = { binaries.gopls() },
-            -- https://github.com/golang/tools/blob/master/gopls/doc/settings.md
-            settings = {
-                gopls = {
-                    allExperiments = true,
-                },
-            },
-            root_dir = vim.fs.root(bufnr, { "go.work", "go.mod", ".git" }),
-        }
-    end,
-}
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/jsonls.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/jsonls.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 7160bb8..0000000
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/jsonls.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
--- https://github.com/hrsh7th/vscode-langservers-extracted
-
-local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
-vim.cmd.packadd("SchemaStore.nvim")
-local schemastore = require("schemastore")
-
-return {
-    ---@param bufnr integer
-    ---@return vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-    config = function(bufnr)
-        ---@type vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-        return {
-            name = "jsonls",
-            cmd = { binaries.jsonls(), "--stdio" },
-            init_options = {
-                provideFormatter = false, -- use prettier instead
-            },
-            settings = {
-                json = {
-                    format = false,
-                    validate = true,
-                    schemas = schemastore.json.schemas(),
-                },
-            },
-            root_dir = vim.fs.root(bufnr, ".git"),
-        }
-    end,
-}
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/ltex_ls.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/ltex_ls.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index be08a7e..0000000
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/ltex_ls.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
--- https://github.com/valentjn/ltex-ls
-
-local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
-local paths = require("pde.paths")
-
-local dictionary = {}
-local disabledRules = {}
-local hiddenFalsePositives = {}
-
-local name = "ltex"
-local current_language = "en-US"
-
----@param path string
----@param lines string[]
-local function append_to_file(path, lines)
-    local file = io.open(path, "a")
-    if file then
-        for _, line in ipairs(lines) do
-            file:write(line .. "\n")
-        end
-        file:close()
-    end
-end
-
----@param command lsp.Command
----@return boolean
-local function validate_command(command)
-    if #command.arguments ~= 1 then
-        vim.notify("unexpected arguments: " .. vim.inspect(command.arguments), vim.log.levels.ERROR)
-        return false
-    end
-
-    return true
-end
-
----@param path string file to read
----@param target string[] target to append the lines to
-local function read_lines_into(path, target)
-    local file = io.open(path, "r")
-    if file then
-        for line in file:lines() do
-            table.insert(target, line)
-        end
-
-        file:close()
-    end
-end
-
----@param command table
----@param key string
----@param tbl table<string,string[]>
----@return table<string,string[]>
-local function handle_action(command, key, tbl)
-    if not validate_command(command) then return {} end
-
-    local entries = command.arguments[1][key]
-    for lang, entry in pairs(entries) do
-        if not tbl[lang] then tbl[lang] = {} end
-        vim.list_extend(tbl[lang], entry)
-    end
-    return entries
-end
-
-local update_client_with = function(changed_settings)
-    local client = vim.lsp.get_clients({ name = name })[1]
-    if not client then return end
-    client:notify("workspace/didChangeConfiguration", { settings = changed_settings })
-end
-
-local function get_dictionary_file(language) return paths.get_spellfile(vim.split(language, "-")[1]) end
-
-local function get_false_positives_file(language)
-    return paths.get_spellfile(nil) .. "/ltex_false-positives_" .. language .. ".txt"
-end
-
-local function get_disabled_rules_file(language)
-    return paths.get_spellfile(nil) .. "/ltex_disabled-rules_" .. language .. ".txt"
-end
-
-return {
-    ---@param bufnr integer
-    ---@return vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-    config = function(bufnr)
-        ---@type vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-        return {
-            name = name,
-            cmd = { binaries.ltex_ls() },
-            before_init = function()
-                if not dictionary[current_language] then
-                    dictionary[current_language] = {}
-                    read_lines_into(
-                        get_dictionary_file(current_language),
-                        dictionary[current_language]
-                    )
-                end
-
-                if not hiddenFalsePositives[current_language] then
-                    hiddenFalsePositives[current_language] = {}
-                    read_lines_into(
-                        get_false_positives_file(current_language),
-                        hiddenFalsePositives[current_language]
-                    )
-                end
-
-                if not disabledRules[current_language] then
-                    disabledRules[current_language] = {}
-                    read_lines_into(
-                        get_disabled_rules_file(current_language),
-                        disabledRules[current_language]
-                    )
-                end
-            end,
-            settings = {
-                ltex = {
-                    enabled = { "html", "markdown" },
-                    language = current_language,
-                    checkFrequency = "save",
-                    dictionary = dictionary,
-                    disabledRules = disabledRules,
-                    hiddenFalsePositives = hiddenFalsePositives,
-                },
-            },
-            root_dir = vim.fs.root(bufnr, ".git"),
-            on_attach = function(_, buf)
-                vim.api.nvim_buf_call(buf, function() vim.o.spell = false end)
-                -- TODO: buf_command for changing the language
-            end,
-            commands = {
-                ["_ltex.addToDictionary"] = function(command)
-                    local new = handle_action(command, "words", dictionary)
-                    update_client_with({ ltex = { dictionary = dictionary } })
-                    for lang, entries in pairs(new) do
-                        local path = get_dictionary_file(lang)
-                        append_to_file(path, entries)
-                    end
-                    vim.cmd("MkSpell")
-                end,
-                ["_ltex.hideFalsePositives"] = function(command)
-                    local new = handle_action(command, "falsePositives", hiddenFalsePositives)
-                    update_client_with({ ltex = { hiddenFalsePositives = hiddenFalsePositives } })
-                    for lang, entries in pairs(new) do
-                        local path = get_false_positives_file(lang)
-                        append_to_file(path, entries)
-                    end
-                end,
-                ["_ltex.disableRules"] = function(command)
-                    local new = handle_action(command, "ruleIds", disabledRules)
-                    update_client_with({ ltex = { disabledRules = disabledRules } })
-                    for lang, entries in pairs(new) do
-                        local path = get_disabled_rules_file(lang)
-                        append_to_file(path, entries)
-                    end
-                end,
-            },
-        }
-    end,
-}
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/lua_ls.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/lua_ls.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 54c7a78..0000000
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/lua_ls.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
--- https://github.com/LuaLS/lua-language-server
-local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
-
-return {
-    ---@param bufnr integer
-    ---@return vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-    config = function(bufnr)
-        ---@type vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-        return {
-            name = "lua_ls",
-            cmd = { binaries.lua_ls() },
-            on_init = function(client)
-                -- use stylua via efm, this formatter is not great and it clears diagnostic text on save
-                client.server_capabilities.documentFormattingProvider = nil
-                client.server_capabilities.documentRangeFormattingProvider = nil
-            end,
-            settings = {
-                Lua = {
-                    addonManager = { enable = false },
-                    -- use stylua via efm, this formatter is not great and it clears diagnostic text on save
-                    format = { enable = false },
-                    hint = { enable = true },
-                    runtime = { version = "LuaJIT" },
-                    telemetry = { enable = false },
-                    workspace = {
-                        checkThirdParty = false,
-                    },
-                },
-            },
-            root_dir = vim.fs.root(bufnr, ".luarc.json") or vim.fs.root(0, { "lua", ".git" }),
-        }
-    end,
-}
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/nixd.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/nixd.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 12ed7dd..0000000
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/nixd.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
--- https://github.com/nix-community/nixd
-
-local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
-
-return {
-    ---@param bufnr integer
-    ---@return vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-    config = function(bufnr)
-        ---@type vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-        return {
-            name = "nixd",
-            cmd = { binaries.nixd() },
-            settings = {
-                nixd = {
-                    formatting = {
-                        command = { binaries.nixfmt() },
-                    },
-                },
-            },
-            root_dir = vim.fs.root(bufnr, { "flake.nix", ".git" }),
-        }
-    end,
-}
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/pyright.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/pyright.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 61f82b7..0000000
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/pyright.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
--- https://github.com/microsoft/pyright
-
-local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
-
-return {
-    ---@param bufnr integer
-    ---@return vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-    config = function(bufnr)
-        ---@type vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-        return {
-            name = "pyright",
-            cmd = { binaries.pyright(), "--stdio" },
-            settings = {
-                python = {
-                    analysis = {
-                        autoSearchPaths = true,
-                        useLibraryCodeForTypes = true,
-                        diagnosticMode = "openFilesOnly",
-                    },
-                },
-            },
-            root_dir = vim.fs.root(bufnr, {
-                "pyproject.toml",
-                "setup.py",
-                "setup.cfg",
-                "requirements.txt",
-                "Pipfile",
-                "pyrightconfig.json",
-                ".git",
-            }),
-        }
-    end,
-}
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/rust_analyzer.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/rust_analyzer.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 4b7ea0f..0000000
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/rust_analyzer.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
-local runner = require("pde.runner")
-local name = "rust_analyzer"
-
-local function reload_workspace(bufnr)
-    local clients = vim.lsp.get_clients({ name = name, bufnr = bufnr })
-    for _, client in ipairs(clients) do
-        vim.notify("Reloading Cargo Workspace")
-        client:request("rust-analyzer/reloadWorkspace", nil, function(err)
-            if err then error(tostring(err)) end
-            vim.notify("Cargo workspace reloaded")
-        end, 0)
-    end
-end
-
----@param command lsp.Command
----@return boolean
-local function validate_command(command)
-    if #command.arguments ~= 1 then
-        vim.notify("unexpected arguments: " .. vim.inspect(command.arguments), vim.log.levels.ERROR)
-        return false
-    end
-
-    ---@type table
-    ---@diagnostic disable-next-line: assign-type-mismatch
-    local task = command.arguments[1]
-    if not task or task.kind ~= "cargo" then
-        vim.notify("unexpected kind: " .. vim.inspect(task), vim.log.levels.ERROR)
-        return false
-    end
-
-    return true
-end
-
----@param command lsp.Command
-local function runSingle(command)
-    if not validate_command(command) then return end
-
-    ---@type table
-    ---@diagnostic disable-next-line: assign-type-mismatch
-    local task = command.arguments[1]
-    if not task then
-        vim.notify("no command arguments", vim.log.levels.ERROR)
-        return
-    end
-    local cmd = {
-        task.kind,
-        task.args.cargoArgs,
-        task.args.cargoExtraArgs,
-    }
-    if not vim.tbl_isempty(task.args.executableArgs) then
-        table.insert(cmd, { "--" })
-        table.insert(cmd, task.args.executableArgs)
-    end
-
-    local cwd = task.args.workspaceRoot
-
-    runner.run(vim.iter(cmd):flatten():totable(), { cwd = cwd })
-end
-
-return {
-    ---@param bufnr integer
-    ---@return vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-    config = function(bufnr)
-        ---@type vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-        return {
-            name = name,
-            cmd = { binaries.rust_analyzer() },
-            capabilities = {
-                experimental = {
-                    serverStatusNotification = true,
-                },
-            },
-            settings = {
-                ["rust-analyzer"] = {
-                    rustfmt = {
-                        overrideCommand = {
-                            binaries.rustfmt(),
-                            "--edition",
-                            "2021",
-                            "--",
-                        },
-                    },
-                    files = {
-                        excludeDirs = {
-                            "./.direnv/",
-                            "./.git/",
-                            "./.github/",
-                            "./.gitlab/",
-                            "./node_modules/",
-                            "./ci/",
-                            "./docs/",
-                        },
-                    },
-                    checkOnSave = {
-                        enable = true,
-                    },
-                    diagnostics = {
-                        enable = true,
-                        experimental = {
-                            enable = true,
-                        },
-                    },
-                },
-            },
-            commands = {
-                ["rust-analyzer.runSingle"] = runSingle,
-            },
-            root_dir = vim.fs.root(bufnr, { "Cargo.toml", "rust-project.json" }),
-            on_attach = function(_, buf)
-                vim.api.nvim_buf_create_user_command(
-                    buf,
-                    "CargoReload",
-                    function() reload_workspace(buf) end,
-                    { desc = "[" .. name .. "] Reload current cargo workspace" }
-                )
-
-                vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("LspDetach", {
-                    group = vim.api.nvim_create_augroup(
-                        "personal-lsp-" .. name .. "-buf-" .. buf,
-                        { clear = true }
-                    ),
-                    buffer = buf,
-                    callback = function() vim.api.nvim_buf_del_user_command(buf, "CargoReload") end,
-                })
-            end,
-        }
-    end,
-}
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/terraformls.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/terraformls.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index f261863..0000000
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/terraformls.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
--- https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform-ls
-local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
-
-return {
-    ---@param bufnr integer
-    ---@return vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-    config = function(bufnr)
-        ---@type vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-        return {
-            name = "terraform-ls",
-            cmd = { binaries.terraformls(), "serve" },
-            root_dir = vim.fs.root(bufnr, { ".terraform", ".git" }),
-        }
-    end,
-}
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/yamlls.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/yamlls.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 644bc1d..0000000
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/yamlls.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
--- https://github.com/redhat-developer/yaml-language-server
-local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
-
-vim.cmd.packadd("SchemaStore.nvim")
-local schemastore = require("schemastore")
-local schemas = vim.tbl_extend("error", schemastore.yaml.schemas(), {
-    ["kubernetes"] = { "k8s/**/*.yml", "k8s/**/*.yaml" },
-    -- or use:
-    -- # yaml-language-server: $schema=<urlToTheSchema>
-})
-
-return {
-    ---@param bufnr integer
-    ---@return vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-    config = function(bufnr)
-        ---@type vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-        return {
-            name = "yamlls",
-            cmd = { binaries.yamlls(), "--stdio" },
-            settings = {
-                redhat = {
-                    telemetry = {
-                        enabled = false,
-                    },
-                },
-                yaml = {
-                    format = {
-                        enable = false, -- use prettier instead
-                    },
-                    completion = true,
-                    hover = true,
-                    validate = true,
-                    schemas = schemas,
-                    schemaStore = {
-                        -- we use above
-                        enable = false,
-                        -- https://github.com/dmitmel/dotfiles/blob/master/nvim/dotfiles/lspconfigs/yaml.lua
-                        -- yamlls won't work if we disable schemaStore but don't specify url ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
-                        url = "",
-                    },
-                },
-            },
-            root_dir = vim.fs.root(bufnr, ".git"),
-        }
-    end,
-}
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/zls.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/zls.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 62355be..0000000
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/configs/zls.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
--- https://github.com/zigtools/zls
-local binaries = require("pde.binaries")
-
-return {
-    ---@param bufnr integer
-    ---@return vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-    config = function(bufnr)
-        ---@type vim.lsp.ClientConfig
-        return {
-            name = "zls",
-            cmd = { binaries.zls() },
-            root_dir = vim.fs.root(bufnr, { "zls.json", ".git" }),
-        }
-    end,
-}
diff --git a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/init.lua b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/init.lua
index e8a7807..a69cadc 100644
--- a/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/init.lua
+++ b/config/native/lua/pde/lsp/init.lua
@@ -1,46 +1,11 @@
-local autostart_enabled = true
-
----useful for example when deciding if to attach LSP client to that buffer
----@param bufnr integer buffer to check. 0 for current
----@return boolean true if the buffer represents a real, readable file
-local function is_buf_readable_file(bufnr)
-    local bufname = vim.api.nvim_buf_get_name(bufnr)
-    return vim.fn.filereadable(bufname) == 1
-end
-
 local M = {}
 
-M.toggle_autostart = function() autostart_enabled = not autostart_enabled end
-
-function M.is_autostart_enabled() return autostart_enabled end
-
----Same arguments as vim.lsp.start
---- @param config vim.lsp.ClientConfig Configuration for the server.
---- @param opts vim.lsp.start.Opts? Optional keyword arguments
---- @return integer? client_id
-function M.start(config, opts)
-    if not autostart_enabled then
-        vim.notify_once("LSP autostart is disabled", vim.log.levels.INFO)
-        return
-    end
-
-    opts = opts or {}
-    opts.bufnr = opts.bufnr or vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-
-    if not is_buf_readable_file(opts.bufnr) then return end
-
-    local made_config = require("pde.lsp.capabilities").merge_capabilities(config)
+---@class LspConfig
+---@field enabled_configs string[] list of config names from {rtp}/lsp/*.lua
 
-    if not made_config.root_dir then made_config.root_dir = vim.uv.os_tmpdir() end
-
-    local client_id = vim.lsp.start(made_config, opts)
-    if not client_id then
-        vim.notify("cannot start lsp: " .. made_config.cmd[1], vim.log.levels.WARN)
-    end
-    return client_id
-end
-
-function M.initialize_once()
+---Initialize lsp configurations
+---@param config LspConfig
+function M.setup(config)
     require("pde.lsp.commands")
 
     require("pde.lsp.progress")
@@ -71,6 +36,16 @@ function M.initialize_once()
             end
         end,
     })
+
+    vim.lsp.config("*", {
+        root_markers = {
+            ".git",
+        },
+    })
+
+    for _, name in ipairs(config.enabled_configs or {}) do
+        vim.lsp.enable(name, true)
+    end
 end
 
 return M
diff --git a/config/native/plugin/lsp.lua b/config/native/plugin/lsp.lua
index 63ab722..292593d 100644
--- a/config/native/plugin/lsp.lua
+++ b/config/native/plugin/lsp.lua
@@ -1 +1,22 @@
-require("pde.lsp").initialize_once()
+require("pde.lsp").setup({
+    enabled_configs = {
+        "clangd",
+        "efmson",
+        "gopls",
+        "golangci_lint",
+        "gopls",
+        "jsonls",
+        "ltex",
+        "lua_ls",
+        "nixd",
+        "prettier",
+        "pyright",
+        "rust_analyzer",
+        "sh",
+        "stylua",
+        "taplo",
+        "terraform-ls",
+        "yamlls",
+        "zls",
+    },
+})
diff --git a/flake/packages/plugins.nix b/flake/packages/plugins.nix
index c21df00..e80ec50 100644
--- a/flake/packages/plugins.nix
+++ b/flake/packages/plugins.nix
@@ -208,10 +208,7 @@ in
     ];
   }
   # LSP
-  {
-    plugin = SchemaStore-nvim;
-    optional = true;
-  }
+  SchemaStore-nvim
   {
     plugin = roslyn-nvim;
     optional = true;
@@ -219,21 +216,17 @@ in
   # DAP
   {
     plugin = nvim-dap;
-    optional = true;
     deps = [
       {
         plugin = nvim-dap-ui;
-        optional = true;
         deps = [
           {
             plugin = nvim-nio;
-            optional = true;
           }
         ];
       }
       {
         plugin = nvim-dap-virtual-text;
-        optional = true;
       }
     ];
   }