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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<!-- Meta tags for social media banners, these should be filled in appropriatly as they are your "business card" -->
<!-- Replace the content tag with appropriate information -->
<!-- <meta name="description" content="DESCRIPTION META TAG">
<meta property="og:title" content="SOCIAL MEDIA TITLE TAG"/>
<meta property="og:description" content="SOCIAL MEDIA DESCRIPTION TAG TAG"/>
<meta property="og:url" content="URL OF THE WEBSITE"/> -->
<!-- Path to banner image, should be in the path listed below. Optimal dimenssions are 1200X630-->
<!-- <meta property="og:image" content="static/image/your_banner_image.png" />
<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"/>
<meta property="og:image:height" content="630"/> -->
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<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> -->
<!-- Keywords for your paper to be indexed by-->
<meta name="keywords" content="artificial intelligence, digital humanities, digital art history, computer vision, bias in AI">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>There Is a Digital Art History</title>
<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="static/images/favicon.ico">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Google+Sans|Noto+Sans|Castoro"
rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/css/bulma.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/css/bulma-carousel.min.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet"
href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jpswalsh/academicons@1/css/academicons.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/css/index.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://documentcloud.adobe.com/view-sdk/main.js"></script>
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<script src="static/js/index.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<section class="hero">
<div class="hero-body">
<div class="container is-max-desktop">
<div class="columns is-centered">
<div class="column has-text-centered">
<h1 class="title is-1 publication-title">There Is a Digital Art History</h1>
<div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
<!-- Paper authors -->
<span class="author-block">
<a href="https://leoimpett.github.io/" target="_blank">Leonardo Impett</a><sup>a *</sup>,</span>
<span class="author-block">
<a href="https://zentralwerkstatt.org/" target="_blank">Fabian Offert</a><sup>b *</sup>,</span>
</div>
<div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
<span class="author-block"><sup>a</sup> University of Cambridge</span>
<span class="author-block"><sup>b</sup> University of California, Santa Barbara</span>
<span class="eql-cntrb"><small><br>
<sup>*</sup>Equal Contribution</small></span>
</div>
<div class="column has-text-centered">
<div class="publication-links">
<!-- Arxiv PDF link -->
<span class="link-block">
<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.07464" target="_blank"
class="external-link button is-normal is-rounded is-dark">
<span class="icon">
<i class="fas fa-file-pdf"></i>
</span>
<span>Paper</span>
</a>
</span>
<!-- Github link - code - clip-map -->
<span class="link-block">
<a href="https://leoimpett.github.io/2dclip/" target="_blank"
class="external-link button is-normal is-rounded is-dark">
<span class="icon">
<i class="fas fa-images"></i>
</span>
<span>2D-CLIP</span>
</a>
</span>
<!-- Github link - code - clip-map -->
<span class="link-block">
<a href="https://github.com/leoimpett/2dclip" target="_blank"
class="external-link button is-normal is-rounded is-dark">
<span class="icon">
<i class="fab fa-github"></i>
</span>
<span>2D-CLIP code</span>
</a>
</span>
<!-- Github link - code - clip-map -->
<span class="link-block">
<a href="https://leoimpett.github.io/clip-map/" target="_blank"
class="external-link button is-normal is-rounded is-dark">
<span class="icon">
<i class="fas fa-map-marked"></i>
</span>
<span>CLIP-MAP</span>
</a>
</span>
<!-- Github link - code - clip-map -->
<span class="link-block">
<a href="https://github.com/leoimpett/clip-map" target="_blank"
class="external-link button is-normal is-rounded is-dark">
<span class="icon">
<i class="fab fa-github"></i>
</span>
<span>CLIP-MAP code</span>
</a>
</span>
<!-- ArXiv abstract Link -->
<!-- <span class="link-block">
<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.07464" target="_blank"
class="external-link button is-normal is-rounded is-dark">
<span class="icon">
<i class="ai ai-arxiv"></i>
</span>
<span>arXiv</span>
</a>
</span> -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- Paper abstract -->
<section class="section hero is-light">
<div class="container is-max-desktop">
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-four-fifths">
<h2 class="title is-3">Abstract</h2>
<div class="content has-text-justified">
<p>
In this paper, we revisit Johanna Drucker's question, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01973762.2013.761106" target="_blank"><u>"Is there a digital art history?"</a></u> - posed exactly a decade ago - in the light of the emergence of large-scale, transformer-based vision models. While more traditional types of neural networks have long been part of digital art history, and digital humanities projects have recently begun to use transformer models, their epistemic implications and methodological affordances have not yet been systematically analyzed. We focus our analysis on two main aspects that, together, seem to suggest a coming paradigm shift towards a "digital" art history in Drucker's sense. On the one hand, the visual-cultural repertoire newly encoded in large-scale vision models has an outsized effect on digital art history. The inclusion of significant numbers of non-photographic images allows for the extraction and automation of different forms of visual logics. Large-scale vision models have "seen" large parts of the Western visual canon mediated by Net visual culture, and they continuously solidify and concretize this canon through their already widespread application in all aspects of digital life. On the other hand, based on two technical case studies of utilizing a contemporary large-scale visual model to investigate basic questions from the fields of art history and urbanism, we suggest that such systems require a new critical methodology that takes into account the epistemic entanglement of a model and its applications. This new methodology reads its corpora through a neural model's training data, and vice versa: the visual ideologies of research datasets and training datasets become entangled.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- End paper abstract -->
<!-- Paper abstract -->
<section class="section hero">
<div class="container is-max-desktop">
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-four-fifths">
<h2 class="title is-3">Software</h2>
<div class="content has-text-justified">
<p>
We make the tools developed for both experiments in this study freely available on
the web so that our results can be reproduced on demand: <a href="https://leoimpett.github.io/clip-map/" target="_blank"> CLIP-MAP </a> and <a href="https://leoimpett.github.io/2dclip/" target="_blank"> 2D-CLIP</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- End paper abstract -->
<!-- Image carousel -->
<section class="hero is-small is-light">
<div class="hero-body">
<div class="container">
<div id="results-carousel" class="carousel results-carousel">
<div class="item">
<!-- Your image here -->
<img src="static/images/fig3_small.jpg" alt="Google image recognition on Velasquez's Las Meninas"/>
<h2 class="subtitle has-text-centered">
Beyond the object detection paradigm in digital art history
</h2>
</div>
<div class="item">
<!-- Your image here -->
<img src="static/images/fig2_small.jpg" alt="Different pictures of Rhythm in MoMA"/>
<h2 class="subtitle has-text-centered">
CLIP's nuanced, polyvalent understanding of rhythm in the MoMA collection
</h2>
</div>
<div class="item">
<!-- Your image here -->
<img src="static/images/fig6a_small.jpg" alt="A heatmap of Paris - the centre has a higher score"/>
<h2 class="subtitle has-text-centered">
Where in Paris looks (to CLIP) like Paris?
</h2>
</div>
<div class="item">
<!-- Your image here -->
<img src="static/images/fig7_small.jpg" alt="A 2d plot of different clip scores in an image collection"/>
<h2 class="subtitle has-text-centered">
2D-CLIP lets you map an image collection according to any pair of text prompts
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- End image carousel -->
<!--
<section class="section" id="BibTeX">
<div class="container is-max-desktop content">
<h2 class="title">BibTeX</h2>
<pre><code>BibTex Code Here</code></pre>
</div>
</section> -->
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