[v24.1.x] metrics: Add list of enterprise features to call-home POST

[vbotbuildovich]

Backport #24004 to branch v24.1.x. This issue was created as a placeholder because the original PR's commit(s) could not be automatically cherry-picked.
Here are the commands to execute:

git checkout v24.1.x
git checkout -b manual-backport-24004-v24.1.x-796
git cherry-pick -x 4e64125268

git push origin manual-backport-24004-v24.1.x-796
gh pr create \
  --title "[v24.1.x] metrics: Add list of enterprise features to call-home POST" \
  --base "v24.1.x" \
  --label "kind/backport" \
  --head "manual-backport-24004-v24.1.x-796" \
  --draft \
  --repo "redpanda-data/redpanda" \
  --milestone "v24.1.x-next" \
  --body "Backport of PR https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/24004 "

[BenPope]

Fixed by #24015