solutions/chap02soln.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Examples and Exercises from Think Stats, 2nd Edition\n",
    "\n",
    "http://thinkstats2.com\n",
    "\n",
    "Copyright 2016 Allen B. Downey\n",
    "\n",
    "MIT License: https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from __future__ import print_function, division\n",
    "\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "\n",
    "import nsfg\n",
    "import first"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Given a list of values, there are several ways to count the frequency of each value."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "t = [1, 2, 2, 3, 5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "You can use a Python dictionary:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 1, 5: 1}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hist = {}\n",
    "for x in t:\n",
    "    hist[x] = hist.get(x, 0) + 1\n",
    "    \n",
    "hist"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "You can use a `Counter` (which is a dictionary with additional methods):"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Counter({1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 1, 5: 1})"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from collections import Counter\n",
    "counter = Counter(t)\n",
    "counter"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Or you can use the `Hist` object provided by `thinkstats2`:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Hist({1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 1, 5: 1})"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import thinkstats2\n",
    "hist = thinkstats2.Hist([1, 2, 2, 3, 5])\n",
    "hist"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "`Hist` provides `Freq`, which looks up the frequency of a value."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hist.Freq(2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "You can also use the bracket operator, which does the same thing."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hist[2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "If the value does not appear, it has frequency 0."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hist[4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The `Values` method returns the values:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "dict_keys([1, 2, 3, 5])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hist.Values()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "So you can iterate the values and their frequencies like this:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 1\n",
      "2 2\n",
      "3 1\n",
      "5 1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for val in sorted(hist.Values()):\n",
    "    print(val, hist[val])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Or you can use the `Items` method:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 1\n",
      "2 2\n",
      "3 1\n",
      "5 1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for val, freq in hist.Items():\n",
    "     print(val, freq)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "`thinkplot` is a wrapper for `matplotlib` that provides functions that work with the objects in `thinkstats2`.\n",
    "\n",
    "For example `Hist` plots the values and their frequencies as a bar graph.\n",
    "\n",
    "`Config` takes parameters that label the x and y axes, among other things."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import thinkplot\n",
    "thinkplot.Hist(hist)\n",
    "thinkplot.Config(xlabel='value', ylabel='frequency')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "As an example, I'll replicate some of the figures from the book.\n",
    "\n",
    "First, I'll load the data from the pregnancy file and select the records for live births."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "preg = nsfg.ReadFemPreg()\n",
    "live = preg[preg.outcome == 1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Here's the histogram of birth weights in pounds.  Notice that `Hist` works with anything iterable, including a Pandas Series.  The `label` attribute appears in the legend when you plot the `Hist`. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hist = thinkstats2.Hist(live.birthwgt_lb, label='birthwgt_lb')\n",
    "thinkplot.Hist(hist)\n",
    "thinkplot.Config(xlabel='Birth weight (pounds)', ylabel='Count')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Before plotting the ages, I'll apply `floor` to round down:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ages = np.floor(live.agepreg)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hist = thinkstats2.Hist(ages, label='agepreg')\n",
    "thinkplot.Hist(hist)\n",
    "thinkplot.Config(xlabel='years', ylabel='Count')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "As an exercise, plot the histogram of pregnancy lengths (column `prglngth`)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "hist = thinkstats2.Hist(live.prglngth, label='prglngth')\n",
    "thinkplot.Hist(hist)\n",
    "thinkplot.Config(xlabel='weeks', ylabel='Count')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "`Hist` provides smallest, which select the lowest values and their frequencies."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0 1\n",
      "4 1\n",
      "9 1\n",
      "13 1\n",
      "17 2\n",
      "18 1\n",
      "19 1\n",
      "20 1\n",
      "21 2\n",
      "22 7\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for weeks, freq in hist.Smallest(10):\n",
    "    print(weeks, freq)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Use `Largest` to display the longest pregnancy lengths."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "50 2\n",
      "48 7\n",
      "47 1\n",
      "46 1\n",
      "45 10\n",
      "44 46\n",
      "43 148\n",
      "42 328\n",
      "41 587\n",
      "40 1116\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "for weeks, freq in hist.Largest(10):\n",
    "    print(weeks, freq)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "From live births, we can selection first babies and others using `birthord`, then compute histograms of pregnancy length for the two groups."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "firsts = live[live.birthord == 1]\n",
    "others = live[live.birthord != 1]\n",
    "\n",
    "first_hist = thinkstats2.Hist(firsts.prglngth, label='first')\n",
    "other_hist = thinkstats2.Hist(others.prglngth, label='other')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can use `width` and `align` to plot two histograms side-by-side."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "width = 0.45\n",
    "thinkplot.PrePlot(2)\n",
    "thinkplot.Hist(first_hist, align='right', width=width)\n",
    "thinkplot.Hist(other_hist, align='left', width=width)\n",
    "thinkplot.Config(xlabel='weeks', ylabel='Count', xlim=[27, 46])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "`Series` provides methods to compute summary statistics:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "mean = live.prglngth.mean()\n",
    "var = live.prglngth.var()\n",
    "std = live.prglngth.std()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Here are the mean and standard deviation:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(38.56055968517709, 2.702343810070593)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mean, std"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "As an exercise, confirm that `std` is the square root of `var`:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "np.sqrt(var) == std"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Here's are the mean pregnancy lengths for first babies and others:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(38.60095173351461, 38.52291446673706)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "firsts.prglngth.mean(), others.prglngth.mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "And here's the difference (in weeks):"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.07803726677754952"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "firsts.prglngth.mean() - others.prglngth.mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "This functon computes the Cohen effect size, which is the difference in means expressed in number of standard deviations:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def CohenEffectSize(group1, group2):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Computes Cohen's effect size for two groups.\n",
    "    \n",
    "    group1: Series or DataFrame\n",
    "    group2: Series or DataFrame\n",
    "    \n",
    "    returns: float if the arguments are Series;\n",
    "             Series if the arguments are DataFrames\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    diff = group1.mean() - group2.mean()\n",
    "\n",
    "    var1 = group1.var()\n",
    "    var2 = group2.var()\n",
    "    n1, n2 = len(group1), len(group2)\n",
    "\n",
    "    pooled_var = (n1 * var1 + n2 * var2) / (n1 + n2)\n",
    "    d = diff / np.sqrt(pooled_var)\n",
    "    return d"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Compute the Cohen effect size for the difference in pregnancy length for first babies and others."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.028879044654449883"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "CohenEffectSize(firsts.prglngth, others.prglngth)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "## Exercises"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Using the variable `totalwgt_lb`, investigate whether first babies are lighter or heavier than others. \n",
    "\n",
    "Compute Cohen’s effect size to quantify the difference between the groups.  How does it compare to the difference in pregnancy length?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(7.201094430437772, 7.325855614973262)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "firsts.totalwgt_lb.mean(), others.totalwgt_lb.mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "-0.088672927072602"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "CohenEffectSize(firsts.totalwgt_lb, others.totalwgt_lb)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "For the next few exercises, we'll load the respondent file:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "resp = nsfg.ReadFemResp()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Make a histogram of <tt>totincr</tt> the total income for the respondent's family.  To interpret the codes see the [codebook](http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/nsfg6/Controller?displayPage=labelDetails&fileCode=FEM&section=R&subSec=7876&srtLabel=607543)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "hist = thinkstats2.Hist(resp.totincr)\n",
    "thinkplot.Hist(hist, label='totincr')\n",
    "thinkplot.Config(xlabel='income (category)', ylabel='Count')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Make a histogram of <tt>age_r</tt>, the respondent's age at the time of interview."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYgAAAEKCAYAAAAIO8L1AAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlzAAALEgAACxIB0t1+/AAAADl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUAbWF0cGxvdGxpYiB2ZXJzaW9uIDMuMC4yLCBodHRwOi8vbWF0cGxvdGxpYi5vcmcvOIA7rQAAF3FJREFUeJzt3X2wHXWd5/H3B4gJCAOERCYkMMmukZGxIDoXxMEHBi1E3RLYEQfKVWZkJ1oDIzqWO8jultlCdmRXBZUtqCisgA+IIoouPgDyUOwAEjAiElRGkVyhSAQEXAQNfPeP0xePoXNzk9zOOTf3/ao6dU7/zq/7fDsN53P71326U1VIkrS+7QZdgCRpOBkQkqRWBoQkqZUBIUlqZUBIkloZEJKkVgaEJKmVASFJamVASJJa7TDoArbEnDlzauHChYMuQ5KmlFtvvfWXVTV3Y/06C4gks4DrgZnN53ypqj6QZBFwMTAbuA14a1X9NslM4ELgz4EHgb+uqnvG+4yFCxeyYsWKrlZBkrZJSX4+kX5dDjE9CRxWVQcAS4AjkhwMnAGcWVWLgYeBE5r+JwAPV9XzgTObfpKkAeksIKrn183kjOZRwGHAl5r2C4CjmtdHNtM07786SbqqT5I0vk4PUifZPslKYA1wJfCvwK+qal3TZRSY37yeD6wGaN5/BNijy/okSRvW6UHqqnoKWJJkN+Ay4IVt3Zrntr2FZ12LPMlSYCnAPvvsM0mVSppOfve73zE6OsoTTzwx6FI6NWvWLBYsWMCMGTM2a/6tchZTVf0qybXAwcBuSXZo9hIWAPc13UaBvYHRJDsAuwIPtSxrObAcYGRkxJtZSNpko6Oj7LLLLixcuJBtdSS7qnjwwQcZHR1l0aJFm7WMzoaYksxt9hxIsiPwGmAVcA3wpqbb8cBXm9eXN9M073+nvJuRpA488cQT7LHHHttsOAAkYY899tiivaQu9yDmARck2Z5eEF1SVV9PcidwcZIPAt8Dzmv6nwdclORuensOx3ZYm6RpblsOhzFbuo6dBURV3Q68uKX9p8BBLe1PAMd0VY8kadNM6V9SS9JkOOmDn5/U5Z39X46b1OUNigEhdWQiXzrbyheJhsO6devYYYfJ+1o3ICRpQI466ihWr17NE088wcknn8zSpUs577zzOOOMM9hrr71YvHgxM2fO5Oyzz2bt2rW8853v5N577wXgrLPO4pBDDmHZsmXcd9993HPPPcyZM4fPfe5zk1afASFJA3L++ecze/ZsfvOb33DggQfyhje8gdNOO43bbruNXXbZhcMOO4wDDjgAgJNPPpn3vOc9vPzlL+fee+/lta99LatWrQLg1ltv5YYbbmDHHXec1PoMCLVyeETq3sc//nEuu+wyAFavXs1FF13Eq171KmbPng3AMcccw49//GMArrrqKu68885n5n300Ud57LHHAHjjG9846eEABoQkDcS1117LVVddxY033shOO+3EoYceyr777vvMXsH6nn76aW688cbWIHjuc5/bSY3eMEiSBuCRRx5h9913Z6edduKuu+7ipptu4vHHH+e6667j4YcfZt26dVx66aXP9D/88MM5++yzn5leuXJl5zW6ByFp2hvEcOkRRxzBueeey/7778++++7LwQcfzPz58zn11FN56Utfyl577cV+++3HrrvuCvSGo0488UT2339/1q1bxytf+UrOPffcTms0ILRFPFYhbZ6ZM2fyjW9841ntIyMjLF26lHXr1nH00Udz+OGHAzBnzhy+8IUvPKv/smXLOqvRISZJGiLLli1jyZIlvOhFL2LRokUcddRRG5+pI+5BSNIQ+fCHPzzoEp5hQEgD5jDdYFTVNn/Bvi29ILZDTJKmnVmzZvHggw9u8RfoMBu7H8SsWbM2exnuQUiadhYsWMDo6Chr164ddCmdGruj3OYyIKQpYqJXHHU4auNmzJix2XdZm04cYpIktXIPQtJW597Q1GBAaKvwTB1p6jEgppGp8FebQSINDwNC0qQx4LctHqSWJLUyICRJrRxikjbRdBxGmY7rLANCU9RUOOAuTXUOMUmSWrkHsQ1w919SFwwIaRu0Lf3RMNnrsi3923Sts4BIsjdwIfDHwNPA8qr6WJJlwN8BY5dRPLWqrmjmeT9wAvAU8K6q+lZX9Wn68Athw/y30Xi63INYB7y3qm5Lsgtwa5Irm/fOrKo/uG1Skv2AY4E/A/YCrkrygqp6qsMaJWmrmIonVnQWEFV1P3B/8/qxJKuA+ePMciRwcVU9Cfwsyd3AQcCNXdUo9fOvaekPbZWzmJIsBF4M3Nw0nZTk9iTnJ9m9aZsPrO6bbZTxA0WS1KHOD1In2Rm4FHh3VT2a5BzgNKCa548Abwfabg77rPsBJlkKLAXYZ599uipb0jTnHmXHexBJZtALh89W1ZcBquqBqnqqqp4GPklvGAl6ewx7982+ALhv/WVW1fKqGqmqkblz53ZZviRNa50FRJIA5wGrquqjfe3z+rodDdzRvL4cODbJzCSLgMXAd7uqT5I0vi6HmA4B3gr8IMnKpu1U4LgkS+gNH90DvAOgqn6Y5BLgTnpnQJ3oGUySNDhdnsV0A+3HFa4YZ57TgdO7qkmSNHFei0mS1MpLbQwxz6KQNEjuQUiSWhkQkqRWBoQkqZXHIAbAYwuSxjMs3xEGxCQalo0qSZPBISZJUisDQpLUyoCQJLUyICRJrQwISVIrA0KS1MqAkCS18ncQE+DvGyRNR+5BSJJaGRCSpFYGhCSp1bQ9BjGR4wrgsQVJ09e0DQhJ25ZBnUyyLZ/E4hCTJKmVASFJamVASJJaGRCSpFYGhCSplQEhSWrVWUAk2TvJNUlWJflhkpOb9tlJrkzyk+Z596Y9ST6e5O4ktyd5SVe1SZI2rss9iHXAe6vqhcDBwIlJ9gNOAa6uqsXA1c00wOuAxc1jKXBOh7VJkjais4Coqvur6rbm9WPAKmA+cCRwQdPtAuCo5vWRwIXVcxOwW5J5XdUnSRrfVjkGkWQh8GLgZmDPqrofeiECPK/pNh9Y3TfbaNMmSRqAzgMiyc7ApcC7q+rR8bq2tFXL8pYmWZFkxdq1ayerTEnSejoNiCQz6IXDZ6vqy03zA2NDR83zmqZ9FNi7b/YFwH3rL7OqllfVSFWNzJ07t7viJWma6/IspgDnAauq6qN9b10OHN+8Ph74al/725qzmQ4GHhkbipIkbX1dXs31EOCtwA+SrGzaTgU+BFyS5ATgXuCY5r0rgNcDdwOPA3/bYW2SpI3oLCCq6gbajysAvLqlfwEndlWPJGnT+EtqSVIrA0KS1MqAkCS1MiAkSa0MCElSKwNCktTKgJAktTIgJEmtDAhJUisDQpLUyoCQJLUyICRJrQwISVIrA0KS1MqAkCS1mlBAJDlkIm2SpG3HRPcgPjHBNknSNmLcO8oleRnwF8DcJP/Y99YfAdt3WZgkabA2dsvR5wA7N/126Wt/FHhTV0VJkgZv3ICoquuA65J8uqp+vpVqkiQNgY3tQYyZmWQ5sLB/nqo6rIuiJEmDN9GA+CJwLvAp4KnuypEkDYuJBsS6qjqn00okSUNloqe5fi3J3yeZl2T22KPTyiRJAzXRPYjjm+f39bUV8G8mtxxJ0rCYUEBU1aKuC5EkDZcJBUSSt7W1V9WFk1uOJGlYTPQYxIF9j1cAy4A3jjdDkvOTrElyR1/bsiS/SLKyeby+7733J7k7yY+SvHaT10SSNKkmOsT0D/3TSXYFLtrIbJ8GzgbW38s4s6o+vN7y9gOOBf4M2Au4KskLqspTaiVpQDb3ct+PA4vH61BV1wMPTXB5RwIXV9WTVfUz4G7goM2sTZI0CSZ6DOJr9M5agt5F+l4IXLKZn3lSc0xjBfDeqnoYmA/c1NdntGlrq2UpsBRgn3322cwSJEkbM9HTXPuHhNYBP6+q0c34vHOA0+iFzWnAR4C3A2npWy1tVNVyYDnAyMhIax9J0pab0BBTc9G+u+hd0XV34Leb82FV9UBVPVVVTwOf5PfDSKPA3n1dFwD3bc5nSJImx0TvKPdm4LvAMcCbgZuTbPLlvpPM65s8Ghg7w+ly4NgkM5Msond847ubunxJ0uSZ6BDTfwYOrKo1AEnmAlcBX9rQDEk+DxwKzEkyCnwAODTJEnrDR/cA7wCoqh8muQS4k94Q1omewSRJgzXRgNhuLBwaD7KRvY+qOq6l+bxx+p8OnD7BeiRJHZtoQHwzybeAzzfTfw1c0U1JkqRhsLF7Uj8f2LOq3pfk3wMvp3fG0Y3AZ7dCfZKkAdnYQeqzgMcAqurLVfWPVfUeensPZ3VdnCRpcDYWEAur6vb1G6tqBb3bj0qStlEbC4hZ47y342QWIkkaLhsLiFuS/N36jUlOAG7tpiRJ0jDY2FlM7wYuS/IWfh8II8Bz6P3QTZK0jRo3IKrqAeAvkvwl8KKm+f9U1Xc6r0ySNFATvR/ENcA1HdciSRoim3s/CEnSNs6AkCS1MiAkSa0MCElSKwNCktTKgJAktTIgJEmtDAhJUisDQpLUyoCQJLUyICRJrQwISVIrA0KS1MqAkCS1MiAkSa0MCElSKwNCktSqs4BIcn6SNUnu6GubneTKJD9pnndv2pPk40nuTnJ7kpd0VZckaWK63IP4NHDEem2nAFdX1WLg6mYa4HXA4uaxFDinw7okSRPQWUBU1fXAQ+s1Hwlc0Ly+ADiqr/3C6rkJ2C3JvK5qkyRt3NY+BrFnVd0P0Dw/r2mfD6zu6zfatEmSBmRYDlKnpa1aOyZLk6xIsmLt2rUdlyVJ09fWDogHxoaOmuc1TfsosHdfvwXAfW0LqKrlVTVSVSNz587ttFhJms62dkBcDhzfvD4e+Gpf+9uas5kOBh4ZG4qSJA3GDl0tOMnngUOBOUlGgQ8AHwIuSXICcC9wTNP9CuD1wN3A48DfdlWXJGliOguIqjpuA2+9uqVvASd2VYskadMNy0FqSdKQMSAkSa0MCElSKwNCktTKgJAktTIgJEmtDAhJUisDQpLUyoCQJLUyICRJrQwISVIrA0KS1MqAkCS1MiAkSa0MCElSKwNCktTKgJAktTIgJEmtDAhJUisDQpLUyoCQJLUyICRJrQwISVIrA0KS1MqAkCS1MiAkSa0MCElSqx0G8aFJ7gEeA54C1lXVSJLZwBeAhcA9wJur6uFB1CdJGuwexF9W1ZKqGmmmTwGurqrFwNXNtCRpQIZpiOlI4ILm9QXAUQOsRZKmvUEFRAHfTnJrkqVN255VdT9A8/y8thmTLE2yIsmKtWvXbqVyJWn6GcgxCOCQqrovyfOAK5PcNdEZq2o5sBxgZGSkuipQkqa7gexBVNV9zfMa4DLgIOCBJPMAmuc1g6hNktSz1QMiyXOT7DL2GjgcuAO4HDi+6XY88NWtXZsk6fcGMcS0J3BZkrHP/1xVfTPJLcAlSU4A7gWOGUBtkqTGVg+IqvopcEBL+4PAq7d2PZKkdsN0mqskaYgYEJKkVgaEJKmVASFJamVASJJaGRCSpFYGhCSplQEhSWplQEiSWhkQkqRWBoQkqZUBIUlqZUBIkloZEJKkVgaEJKmVASFJamVASJJaGRCSpFYGhCSplQEhSWplQEiSWhkQkqRWBoQkqZUBIUlqZUBIkloZEJKkVkMXEEmOSPKjJHcnOWXQ9UjSdDVUAZFke+B/Aa8D9gOOS7LfYKuSpOlpqAICOAi4u6p+WlW/BS4GjhxwTZI0LQ1bQMwHVvdNjzZtkqStLFU16BqekeQY4LVV9R+b6bcCB1XVP/T1WQosbSb3BX40iSXMAX45icsbJNdlOLkuw2dbWQ+Y+Lr8SVXN3VinHba8nkk1CuzdN70AuK+/Q1UtB5Z38eFJVlTVSBfL3tpcl+HkugyfbWU9YPLXZdiGmG4BFidZlOQ5wLHA5QOuSZKmpaHag6iqdUlOAr4FbA+cX1U/HHBZkjQtDVVAAFTVFcAVA/r4ToauBsR1GU6uy/DZVtYDJnldhuogtSRpeAzbMQhJ0pCYtgGR5Pwka5Lc0de2LMkvkqxsHq8fZI0TkWTvJNckWZXkh0lObtpnJ7kyyU+a590HXevGjLMuU3G7zEry3STfb9blvzXti5Lc3GyXLzQnYwy1cdbl00l+1rddlgy61olKsn2S7yX5ejM95bbLmJZ1mbTtMm0DAvg0cERL+5lVtaR5DOpYyKZYB7y3ql4IHAyc2Fye5BTg6qpaDFzdTA+7Da0LTL3t8iRwWFUdACwBjkhyMHAGvXVZDDwMnDDAGidqQ+sC8L6+7bJycCVuspOBVX3TU3G7jFl/XWCStsu0DYiquh54aNB1bKmqur+qbmteP0bvP5T59C5RckHT7QLgqMFUOHHjrMuUUz2/biZnNI8CDgO+1LRPle2yoXWZkpIsAN4AfKqZDlNwu8Cz12WyTduAGMdJSW5vhqCGflimX5KFwIuBm4E9q+p+6H3xAs8bXGWbbr11gSm4XZpd/5XAGuBK4F+BX1XVuqbLlLmUzPrrUlVj2+X0ZrucmWTmAEvcFGcB/wl4upnegym6XXj2uoyZlO1iQPyhc4B/S283+n7gI4MtZ+KS7AxcCry7qh4ddD1bomVdpuR2qaqnqmoJvSsCHAS8sK3b1q1q86y/LkleBLwf+FPgQGA28E8DLHFCkvw7YE1V3drf3NJ16LfLBtYFJnG7GBB9quqB5n+Ep4FP0vufeuglmUHvC/WzVfXlpvmBJPOa9+fR+8tv6LWty1TdLmOq6lfAtfSOq+yWZOz3R8+6lMyw61uXI5ohwaqqJ4H/zdTYLocAb0xyD72rRR9G76/wqbhdnrUuST4zmdvFgOgz9oXaOBq4Y0N9h0UzfnoesKqqPtr31uXA8c3r44Gvbu3aNtWG1mWKbpe5SXZrXu8IvIbeMZVrgDc13abKdmlbl7v6/gAJvTH7od8uVfX+qlpQVQvpXcrnO1X1FqbgdtnAuvyHydwuQ/dL6q0lyeeBQ4E5SUaBDwCHNqeEFXAP8I6BFThxhwBvBX7QjBEDnAp8CLgkyQnAvcAxA6pvU2xoXY6bgttlHnBBejfB2g64pKq+nuRO4OIkHwS+Ry8Qh92G1uU7SebSG6JZCbxzkEVuoX9i6m2XDfnsZG0Xf0ktSWrlEJMkqZUBIUlqZUBIkloZEJKkVgaEJKmVASFtoSQvTtLJtXAm8NlXTZVLj2jqMSCkLXcq8ImuFt73C982FwF/39Vna3ozIDRtJPlKklubexos7Ws/IcmPk1yb5JNJzm7a5ya5NMktzeOQlmXuAuxfVd9Psl1zP4G5zXvbJbk7yZwNLSvJQUn+pbme/78k2bdp/5skX0zyNeDbSeYlub65vv8dSV7RlHA5cFy3/3KarqbtL6k1Lb29qh5qLhdxS5JLgZnAfwVeAjwGfAf4ftP/Y/TuEXBDkn2Ab/HsC+6N0FzKoKqeTvIZ4C30ru/zGuD7VfXLJJ/bwLLuAl5ZVeuSvAb478BfNct+Gb3weSjJe4FvVdXpzS+ad2o+8+EkM5PsUVUPTu4/l6Y7A0LTybuSHN283htYDPwxcF1VPQSQ5IvAC5o+rwH2613SBoA/SrJLc6+KMfOAtX3T59O7js9ZwNvpXSxtg8sCdqV3GYvF9C4lMqNvWVeO1QXcApzfXMzwK+vdBGYNsBdgQGhSGRCaFpIcSu9L+mVV9XiSa4FZtF/qecx2Tf/fjNPnN81yAKiq1UkeSHIY8FJ6exMbXFaSTwDXVNXR6d0D49q+t/9f33KvT/JKejeHuSjJ/6yqC5u3ZzV1SJPKYxCaLnYFHm7C4U/pXXob4LvAq5Ls3hwM/qu+eb4NnDQ2kfZ7+64Cnr9e26eAz9C7qN1TG1nWrsAvmtd/s6Hik/wJvWv/f5LeheRe0rSH3l7QPRuaV9pcBoSmi28COyS5HTgNuAmgqn5Bb9z/ZuAq4E7gkWaedwEj6d2Z605aropZVXcBuzbDRWMuB3bm98NL4y3rfwD/nOT/AtuPU/+hwMok36MXYh9r2v8cuKnvbmjSpPFqrpr2kuxcVb9u9iAuA86vqss2Yf73AI9V1dg9jkfoHZB+xfhzbrkkHwMur6qru/4sTT/uQUiwrLn/xB3Az4CvbOL85wBPAiQ5hd4d8d4/qRVu2B2Gg7riHoQkqZV7EJKkVgaEJKmVASFJamVASJJaGRCSpFYGhCSp1f8HFA1IPG8S6tMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "hist = thinkstats2.Hist(resp.ager)\n",
    "thinkplot.Hist(hist, label='ager')\n",
    "thinkplot.Config(xlabel='age (years)', ylabel='Count')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Make a histogram of <tt>numfmhh</tt>, the number of people in the respondent's household."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "hist = thinkstats2.Hist(resp.numfmhh)\n",
    "thinkplot.Hist(hist, label='numfmhh')\n",
    "thinkplot.Config(xlabel='number of people', ylabel='Count')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Make a histogram of <tt>parity</tt>, the number of children borne by the respondent.  How would you describe this distribution?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "# This distribution is positive-valued and skewed to the right.\n",
    "\n",
    "hist = thinkstats2.Hist(resp.parity)\n",
    "thinkplot.Hist(hist, label='parity')\n",
    "thinkplot.Config(xlabel='parity', ylabel='Count')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Use Hist.Largest to find the largest values of <tt>parity</tt>."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[(22, 1),\n",
       " (16, 1),\n",
       " (10, 3),\n",
       " (9, 2),\n",
       " (8, 8),\n",
       " (7, 15),\n",
       " (6, 29),\n",
       " (5, 95),\n",
       " (4, 309),\n",
       " (3, 828)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "hist.Largest(10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Let's investigate whether people with higher income have higher parity.  Keep in mind that in this study, we are observing different people at different times during their lives, so this data is not the best choice for answering this question.  But for now let's take it at face value.\n",
    "\n",
    "Use <tt>totincr</tt> to select the respondents with the highest income (level 14).  Plot the histogram of <tt>parity</tt> for just the high income respondents."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "rich = resp[resp.totincr == 14]\n",
    "hist = thinkstats2.Hist(rich.parity)\n",
    "thinkplot.Hist(hist, label='parity')\n",
    "thinkplot.Config(xlabel='parity', ylabel='Count')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Find the largest parities for high income respondents."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[(8, 1), (7, 1), (5, 5), (4, 19), (3, 123), (2, 267), (1, 229), (0, 515)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "hist.Largest(10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Compare the mean <tt>parity</tt> for high income respondents and others."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1.0758620689655172, 1.2495758136665125)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "not_rich = resp[resp.totincr < 14]\n",
    "rich.parity.mean(), not_rich.parity.mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Compute the Cohen effect size for this difference.  How does it compare with the difference in pregnancy length for first babies and others?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "-0.1251185531466061"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "\n",
    "# This effect is about 10 times stronger than the difference in pregnancy length.\n",
    "# But remembering the design of the study, we should not make too much of this\n",
    "# apparent effect.\n",
    "\n",
    "CohenEffectSize(rich.parity, not_rich.parity)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.6.7"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 1
}