Lihat sumber Tanda seru

{{tanda baca|!}}

'''Tanda seru'''  adalah [[tanda baca]] yang biasanya digunakan setelah suatu [[interjeksi]] atau kalimat seruan untuk menunjukkan perasaan atau penegasan dan sering menandai akhir suatu [[kalimat]]. Tanda seru umum ditemukan di berbagai [[bahasa]] dan [[sistem tulisan]], meskipun dengan variasi makna dan [[simbol]].

Dalam [[bahasa pemrograman|pengkodean]], "!" terkadang berarti bukan. Dalam [[matematika]], penggunaan tanda seru dapat digunakan untuk fungsi [[faktorial]] (misalnya, <math>n!</math>).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-01|title=Compendium of Mathematical Symbols|url=https://mathvault.ca/hub/higher-math/math-symbols/|access-date=2023-04-17|website=Math Vault|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Factorial Function !|url=https://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/factorial.html|access-date=2023-04-17|website=www.mathsisfun.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Weisstein|first=Eric W.|title=Factorial|url=https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Factorial.html|access-date=2023-04-17|website=mathworld.wolfram.com|language=en}}</ref>

==Sejarah==
Secara grafis, tanda seru direpresentasikan oleh variasi dari tema titik "." dengan garis vertikal di atasnya. Salah satu teori tentang asal-usulnya mengemukakan bahwa berasal dari seruan kegembiraan dalam bahasa Latin, yaitu {{lang|la|io}}, yang analog dengan "hooray"; penyalin menulis kata Latin {{lang|la|io}} di akhir kalimat, untuk menunjukkan ekspresi kegembiraan. Seiring berjalannya waktu, huruf "i" bergerak di atas huruf "o"; huruf "o" pertama-tama menjadi lebih kecil, dan (dengan berjalannya waktu) berubah menjadi titik.<ref>{{cite book |last=Partridge |first=Eric |date=1953 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lN-KAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA82 |title=You Have a Point There |page=82 |isbn=0-203-37992-6 |access-date=2023-03-19 |archive-date=2023-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425171540/https://books.google.com/books?id=lN-KAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA82 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Evolusinya sebagai simbol tanda baca setelah [[Ancient history|Era Kuno]] dapat ditelusuri kembali ke [[Abad Pertengahan]], ketika para juru tulis sering menambahkan berbagai tanda dan simbol ke [[Manuskrip|manuskrip]] untuk menunjukkan perubahan dalam [[Tone (linguistik)|tona]], [[Pausa|jeda]], atau [[Emfasis (tipografi)|penekanan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jensen |first=Priscilla M. |title='An Admirable Point' Review: Exclaim Yourself! |work=Wall Street Journal |date=6 April 2023 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/an-admirable-point-review-exclaim-yourself-ade02c56 |access-date=2023-04-13 |archive-date=2023-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412191910/https://www.wsj.com/articles/an-admirable-point-review-exclaim-yourself-ade02c56 |url-status=live }}</ref> Simbol-simbol ini termasuk punctus admirativus,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The exclamation point — "a sign of failure" |url=https://carsonparkdesign.com/exclamation-points/ |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=carsonparkdesign.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413221402/https://carsonparkdesign.com/exclamation-points/ |url-status=live }}</ref> sebuah simbol yang mirip bentuknya dengan tanda seru modern dan digunakan untuk menunjukkan kekaguman, kejutan, atau emosi kuat lainnya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weiskott |first=Eric |date=2012 |title=Making Beowulf Scream: Exclamation and the Punctuation of Old English Poetry |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_jegp-journal-of-english-and-germanic-philology_2012-01_111_1/page/25 |jstor=10.5406/jenglgermphil.111.1.0025 |journal=The Journal of English and Germanic Philology |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=25–41 |doi=10.5406/jenglgermphil.111.1.0025 |s2cid=163108784 |issn=0363-6941}}</ref> Penggunaan modern tanda seru pertama kali dideskripsikan pada abad ke-14 oleh ilmuwan Italia Alpoleio da Urbisaglia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Silla |first=Mirko |date=2021-12-03 |title=Iacopo Alpoleio, l'urbisalviense che inventò il punto esclamativo |url=https://junior.cronachemaceratesi.it/2021/12/03/alpoleio-lurbisalviense-che-invento-il-punto-esclamativo/63322/ |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=CM Junior |language=it-IT |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413221402/https://junior.cronachemaceratesi.it/2021/12/03/alpoleio-lurbisalviense-che-invento-il-punto-esclamativo/63322/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |type=Review |title=An Admirable Point: A Brief History of the Exclamation Mark! |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781567927870 |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=www.publishersweekly.com |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413221402/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781567927870 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 4 - Word of Mouth, Exclamation Marks!! - Exclamation Marks!! Why do we love to hate them? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3QcsHvWyxYtlkcqdM71lbV3/exclamation-marks-why-do-we-love-to-hate-them |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=BBC |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413222902/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3QcsHvWyxYtlkcqdM71lbV3/exclamation-marks-why-do-we-love-to-hate-them |url-status=live }}</ref> Sarjana sastra Florence Hazrat<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hazrat |first=Florence |date=2022-11-17 |title=I'm spontaneous! I'm sincere! I'm infantile and deeply annoying! How the exclamation mark divided the world |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/nov/17/im-spontaneous-im-sincere-im-infantile-and-deeply-annoying-how-the-exclamation-mark-divided-the-world |access-date=2023-04-13 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413221359/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/nov/17/im-spontaneous-im-sincere-im-infantile-and-deeply-annoying-how-the-exclamation-mark-divided-the-world |url

-status=live }}</ref> mengatakan ia "merasa sangat terganggu" bahwa orang membaca teks dengan nada datar, meskipun ditulis untuk menimbulkan emosi. Tanda seru diperkenalkan dalam pencetakan bahasa Inggris pada saat itu untuk menunjukkan [[Penekanan (tipografi)|penekanan]].<ref name=truss>{{cite book |last=Truss |first=Lynne |year=2004 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubcEuLPLzG4C&pg=PA137 |title=Eats, Shoots & Leaves: the zero tolerance approach to punctuation |publisher=[[Gotham Books]] |location=New York |page=137 |isbn=1-59240-087-6 |access-date=2022-09-06 |archive-date=2022-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018003052/https://books.google.com/books?id=ubcEuLPLzG4C&pg=PA137 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kemudian, tanda seru ini disebut dengan banyak nama, termasuk ''tanda kekaguman'' (1611),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cotgrave |first1=Randle |title=A dictionarie of the French and English tongues. |date=1611 |publisher=Printed by A. Islip |page=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/osu.32435017716812?urlappend=%3Bseq=26%3Bownerid=13510798903251341-30 26] |hdl=2027/osu.32435017716812 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/osu.32435017716812 |quote=Admiratif, Th'admirative point, or point of admiration (and of detestation) marked, or made, thus !}}</ref> ''tanda seru atau kekaguman'' (1657),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=John |title=The mysterie of rhetorique unvail'd, wherein above 130 of the tropes and figures are severally derived from the Greek into English, together with lively definitions and variety of Latin, English, Scriptural, examples, pertinent to each of them apart ... |date=1657 |publisher=Printed by E. Cotes for George Eversden |location=London |page=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/osu.32435004505780?urlappend=%3Bseq=286%3Bownerid=13510798904159051-290 259] |hdl=2027/osu.32435004505780 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/osu.32435004505780}}</ref> ''tanda kekaguman atau seru'',<ref>{{cite book |title= The American Printer: A Manual of Typography, Containing Practical Directions for Managing all Departments of a Printing Office, As Well as Complete Instructions for Apprentices: With Several Useful Tables, Numerous Schemes for Imposing Forms in Every Variety, Hints to Authors, Etc.|edition= Kelima Belas - Direvisi dan Diperluas|last= MacKellar|first= Thomas|year= 1885 |publisher= MacKellar, Smiths & Jordan |location= Philadelphia |page=51|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T-0YAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA51}}</ref> ''tanda seru'' (1824),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Murray |first1=Lindley |title=English grammar |date=1824 |publisher=J.B. Baldwin |location=Bridgeport, Conn. |page=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044097056824?urlappend=%3Bseq=243%3Bownerid=27021597764263980-259 243] |hdl=2027/hvd.32044097056824 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044097056824}}</ref> dan akhirnya, ''tanda seru'' (1839).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Goodenow |first1=Smith B. |title=A systematic text-book of English grammar: on a new plan: with copious questions and exercises |date=1839 |publisher=William Hyde |location=Portland |page=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b257804?urlappend=%3Bseq=58%3Bownerid=9007199259564681-62 52] |hdl=2027/uc1.$b257804 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b257804}}</ref>

Banyak mesin tik lama atau portabel tidak dilengkapi dengan tanda seru. Sebaliknya, pengguna mengetik titik "." dan kemudian menghapus dan mengetik ulang sebuah tanda [[Apostrof|kutip]].<ref>{{harvnb|Truss|2004|page=135}}</ref>

==Peringatan==
[[File:Achtung.svg|thumb|[[Tanda peringatan]] sering kali berupa tanda seru yang diapit dalam [[segitiga]].]]
[[File:Cattle stop sign - New Zealand.jpg|thumb|Tanda jalan di Selandia Baru yang memperingatkan tentang "perhentian ternak" ([[jaringan ternak]]/penjaga ternak)]]

Tanda seru digunakan untuk menekankan [[pernyataan pencegahan]].

Pada [[tanda peringatan]], tanda seru sering digunakan untuk menarik perhatian pada peringatan bahaya, bahaya, dan hal-hal yang tidak terduga. Tanda-tanda ini umum terjadi di lingkungan berbahaya atau pada peralatan yang berpotensi membahayakan. Jenis umum dari peringatan ini adalah [[segitiga]] kuning dengan tanda seru hitam, tetapi segitiga putih dengan batas merah umum terjadi di [[Eropa]]dan [[Rambu peringatan|rambu peringatan jalan raya]].

== Bahasa Indonesia ==

Menurut pedoman [[EYD]],<ref>[[s:Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan#I. Tanda Seru (!)|Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia yang Disempurnakan]]</ref> tanda seru dipakai sesudah ungkapan atau pernyataan yang berupa seruan atau perintah yang menggambarkan kesungguhan, ketidakpercayaan, ataupun rasa emosi yang kuat. Contoh:

* ''Alangkah seramnya peristiwa itu!''
* ''Bersihkan kamar itu sekarang juga!''
* ''Masakan! Sampai hati juga ia meninggalkan anak-istrinya!''
* ''Merdeka!''

Tanda ini digunakan sebagai akhir kalimat dan tidak boleh disertai dengan [[tanda titik]].

==Referensi==
{{reflist}}

==Bacaan lanjutan==
*{{cite book |last=Hazrat |first=Florence |date=2022 |title=An admirable point : a brief history of the exclamation mark! |location=London |publisher=Profile Books |page= |isbn=978-1800811973}}

==Pranala luar==
{{Commons category|Exclamation marks}}
* [http://www.decodeunicode.org/u+0021 U+0021 exclamation point] &mdash; Decode Unicode

[[Kategori:Tanda baca|Seru]]